Significados otorgados por la Agrupación Sol Naciente, de la aldea de Manco, a la rearticulación de la recolección de hierbas medicinales como ocupación colectiva posterior a vivenciar el desastre socio-natural ocurrido en el año 2017

Tesis (Terapeuta Ocupacional)Esta investigación busca generar aproximaciones que permitan seguir construyendo el concepto de Ocupación Colectiva a partir del estudio realizado a la Agrupación Sol Naciente, en base a una experiencia que fue compartida por sus integrantes en los meses de enero y febrero del año 2017, esta es, la vivencia del desastre socio-natural, específicamente el incendio forestal, ocurrido en la aldea de Manco perteneciente a la región del Bio Bio. Se busca conocer la realidad de la agrupación en cuanto a los significados que estos le otorgan a la rearticulación de su ocupación colectiva tras ser afectados por tal eventualidad, de este modo se logra recabar antecedentes con respecto a su territorio, a la construcción de su cotidianidad en torno a la recolección de hierbas medicinales; así también el sentido de comunidad entendiendo que de este emergen subcategorías como influencia, pertenencia, integración y satisfacción de necesidades, y conexión emocional compartida; sin embargo en la investigación solo se consideran estos tres últimos conceptos. El trabajo de campo se realizó en el período de 9 meses, el cual nace bajo la inquietud de sus investigadores de conocer una problemática contextual y latente en la sociedad desde la disciplina de la terapia ocupacional, comprendiendo que la relación entre las personas se da en un entorno social compartido anclados a un escenario histórico, político y social en donde el sistema de desarrollo económico imperante del país influye y condiciona los procesos psicosociales que se dan entorno a personas que comparten características y condiciones específicas generando resistencia y adaptación a la transformación. El trabajo de campo realizado tuvo influencia directa sobre la construcción teórica de la investigación, ya que al realizar ambos trabajos de forma paralela se logró retroalimentar la construcción teórica con el proceso práctico. Se utilizó el método cualitativo de investigación tomando elementos del diseño de investigación fenomenológico y analizando la información obtenida desde un enfoque hermenéutico.This research looks to generate approximations that allows to continue building the concept of Collective Occupation starting from the study made to the Sol Naciente Group, based on an experience that was shared by its members in the months of January and February of 2017, this is, the living or experience of the socio-natural disaster, specifically the forest fire, originated in the village of Manco belonging to the Bio Bio region. The investigation seeks to know the reality of the group in terms of the meanings they give to the rearticulation of their collective occupation after being affected by this event, in this way it is possible to collect background information regarding their territory, to build their daily life around the collection of medicinal herbs; al long as the sense of community understanding that this emerges subcategories as influence, belongings, integration and satisfaction of requirements, and shared emotional connection; however, only the last three concepts are considered in this research. The field work was carried out in the 9-month period, which was born under the concern of the researchers to know a contextual and a potential problematic in society from the discipline of occupational therapy, considering that the relationship among people happens in a shared social environment attached to a historical, political and social angle in which the prevailing economic development system of the country influences and conditions the psychosocial processes that take place around people who share specific characteristics and conditions generating resistance and adaptation to transformation. The field work had a direct influence on the theoretical construction of the research, by reason of performing both works in parallel, the theoretical construction was achieved to the practical process. The qualitative research method was employed taking elements of the phenomenological research design and analyzing the information obtained from a hermeneutical approach

Incidencia y factores de riesgo de depresión posparto en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 57

“La depresión posparto es una enfermedad que usualmente no se diagnostica oportunamente, ya que su curso clínico suele ser variado. Muchas madres deprimidas no son conscientes de que tienen una enfermedad y se sienten avergonzadas de tener que admitir cómo les ha afectado. Algunas pueden llegar a creer que si dicen como se sienten, realmente puede que le quiten a su hijo, y por temor al rechazo social, muchas madres tienden a ocultar sus manifestaciones Esta condición ocurre en un 10- 20% de las mujeres y se presenta con cambios de humor, de actitudes y trastornos del sueño, del apetito y disminución de la energía. Tiene una duración mayor y puede interferir con la habilidad para cuidar al bebé. La mayoría de los casos surge en el primer mes tras el parto, aunque en ocasiones este trastorno puede dar la cara seis meses más tarde. La depresión posparto probablemente está causada, por diferentes factores, que actúan conjuntamente incluyendo la historia familiar, biología, personalidad, experiencias de vida y el medio ambiente. Por lo anterior se ha propuesto identificar la incidencia y los factores de riesgo en una clínica de primer nivel, para saber si se correlacionan y poder prevenir futuros casos”

Adoptive transfer of autoimmune splenic dendritic cells to lupus-prone mice triggers a B lymphocyte humoral response

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by increased autoantibody production that leads to multiple tissue injuries. Dendritic cells (DCs) are important orchestrators of immune responses and key components in fine-tuning the balance between tolerance and immunity. However, their role in autoimmune disorders such as SLE remains uncertain. We analyzed the contribution of DCs in triggering SLE by adoptively transferring splenic DCs from aged autoimmune [NZBxNZW]F1 (BWF1) mice to young healthy BWF1 mice. We observed that the transfer of DCs from autoimmune mice to pre-autoimmune mice induced high autoantibody titers in the serum of recipient mice. Moreover, autoimmune DCs from aged BWF1 mice were crucial for the expansion and differentiation of plasmablasts and CD5(+) B cells or B1-like cells in the peripheral blood, and spleen of recipient BWF1 mice, a phenomenon that is observed in autoimmune BWF1 mice. On the other hand, DCs from aged BWF1 mice participated in the expansion and differentiation of DCs and IFN-gamma-producing T cells. These results reveal that DCs from autoimmune BWF1 mice exhibit functional and phenotypic characteristics that allow them to trigger B cell hyperactivation, as well as DC and T cell expansion and differentiation, thereby promoting an exacerbated humoral response in lupus-prone mice.FONDECYT 1140431 1121478 PAI 791100009 CONICYT PFB-16 FONDEQUIP/EQM11413

A murine model of ischemia–reperfusion: the perfusion with leptin promotes the apoptosis-related relocation of mitochondrial proteins Bax and cytochrome c

Abstract Background Leptin exerts both protective and deleterious effects on the heart; the first occurs under hypoxia- or ischemia-associated damage, the second is a pro-hypertrophic factor on cardiomyocytes. Therefore, leptin could represent a link between obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The study aimed to investigate the effect of leptin—the same concentration that is frequently measured in obesity and induces cardiac hypertrophy—on murine hearts following an episode of ischemia–reperfusion; moreover, we evaluated the heart's performance, hypertrophy, and activation of apoptosis. Rat hearts were perfused continuously with or without 3.1 nM leptin for one h before and 1 h after an episode of ischemia. Cardiac performance was evaluated, homogenates and mitochondria were prepared for western blot analysis of cardiac actin, leptin receptor, STAT3, pSTAT3, and apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, and caspase 3. Results Leptin worsened heart recovery after ischemia (p < 0.05 Control vs IR + Lep of Heart Perform, Fig. 2). Although no hypertrophic response was observed, leptin induced the migration of Bax to the mitochondria and the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol (p < 0.05 Control vs IR + Lep, Fig. 5), essential events in the intrinsic/mitochondrial apoptosis. Conclusions Our results indicate that the presence of leptin for 1 h before and after the ischemic insult reduces heart recovery and amplifies apoptotic signaling through the mitochondrial pathway

The involvement of mig1 from xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous in catabolic repression: An active mechanism contributing to the regulation of carotenoid productiom

The red yeast X. dendrorhous is one of the few natural sources of astaxanthin, a carotenoid used in aquaculture for salmonid fish pigmentation and in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries for its antioxidant properties. Genetic control of carotenogenesis is well characterized in this yeast; however, little is known about the regulation of the carotenogenesis process. Several lines of evidence have suggested that carotenogenesis is regulated by catabolic repression, and the aim of this work was to identify and functionally characterize the X. dendrorhous MIG1 gene encoding the catabolic repressor Mig1, which mediates transcriptional glucose-dependent repression in other yeasts and fungi. The identified gene encodes a protein of 863 amino acids that demonstrates the characteristic conserved features of Mig1 proteins, and binds in vitro to DNA fragments containing Mig1 boxes. Gene functionality was demonstrated by heterologous complementation in a S. cerevisiae mig1(-) strain; several aspects of catabolic repression were restored by the X. dendrorhous MIG1 gene. Additionally, a X. dendrorhous mig1-mutant was constructed and demonstrated a higher carotenoid content than the wild-type strain. Most important, the mig1(-) mutation alleviated the glucose-mediated repression of carotenogenesis in X. dendrorhous: the addition of glucose to mig1(-) and wild-type cultures promoted the growth of both strains, but carotenoid synthesis was observed only in the mutant strain. Transcriptomic and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that several genes were differentially expressed between X. dendrorhous mig1(-) and the wild-type strain when cultured with glucose as the sole carbon source. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that catabolic repression in X. dendrorhous is an active process in which the identified MIG1 gene product plays a central role in the regulation of several biological processes, including carotenogenesis.Funding was provided by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT) 1140504 (http://www.conicyt.cl/fondecyt/); Mejoramiento de la Calidad y la Equidad en la Educacion Superior (MECESUP) 2-UCH0604 (http://www.mecesup.cl/) NB; and Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) 21110252 (http://www.conicyt.cl/becas-conicyt/) PC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Vitamin A Impairs the Reprogramming of Tregs into IL-17-Producing Cells during Intestinal Inflammation

Maintaining the identity of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) is critical for controlling immune responses in the gut, where an imbalance between Tregs and T effector cells has been linked to inflammatory bowel disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that Tregs can convert into Th17 cells and acquire an inflammatory phenotype. In this study, we used an adoptive transfer model of Ag-specific T cells to study the contribution of different factors to the reprogramming of in vitro-generated Treg cells (iTreg) into IL-17-producing cells in a mouse model of gut inflammation in vivo. Our results show that intestinal inflammation induces the reprogramming of iTreg cells into IL-17-producing cells and that vitamin A restrains reprogramming in the gut. We also demonstrate that the presence of IL-2 during the in vitro generation of iTreg cells confers resistance to Th17 conversion but that IL-2 and retinoic acid (RA) cooperate to maintain Foxp3 expression following stimulation under Th17-polarizing conditions. Additionally, although IL-2 and RA differentially regulate the expression of different Treg cell suppressive markers, Treg cells generated under different polarizing conditions present similar suppressive capacity

An invasive Mimosa in India does not adopt the symbionts of its native relatives

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The large monophyletic genus Mimosa comprises approx. 500 species, most of which are native to the New World, with Central Brazil being the main centre of radiation. All Brazilian Mimosa spp. so far examined are nodulated by rhizobia in the betaproteobacterial genus Burkholderia. Approximately 10 Mya, transoceanic dispersal resulted in the Indian subcontinent hosting up to six endemic Mimosa spp. The nodulation ability and rhizobial symbionts of two of these, M. hamata and M. himalayana, both from north-west India, are here examined, and compared with those of M. pudica, an invasive species. METHODS: Nodules were collected from several locations, and examined by light and electron microscopy. Rhizobia isolated from them were characterized in terms of their abilities to nodulate the three Mimosa hosts. The molecular phylogenetic relationships of the rhizobia were determined by analysis of 16S rRNA, nifH and nodA gene sequences. KEY RESULTS: Both native Indian Mimosa spp. nodulated effectively in their respective rhizosphere soils. Based on 16S rRNA, nifH and nodA sequences, their symbionts were identified as belonging to the alphaproteobacterial genus Ensifer, and were closest to the ‘Old World’ Ensifer saheli, E. kostiensis and E. arboris. In contrast, the invasive M. pudica was predominantly nodulated by Betaproteobacteria in the genera Cupriavidus and Burkholderia. All rhizobial strains tested effectively nodulated their original hosts, but the symbionts of the native species could not nodulate M. pudica. CONCLUSIONS: The native Mimosa spp. in India are not nodulated by the Burkholderia symbionts of their South American relatives, but by a unique group of alpha-rhizobial microsymbionts that are closely related to the ‘local’ Old World Ensifer symbionts of other mimosoid legumes in north-west India. They appear not to share symbionts with the invasive M. pudica, symbionts of which are mostly beta-rhizobial