Valorización de un aceite residual de alta acidez generado en las industrias de reciclaje de aceites de desecho de cocinas

A sludge fraction is obtained from the industries which recycle cooking oil and this sludge contains a large amount of oil with an extremely high acidity ( > 60%). In this work, we propose a scheme for methyl ester production from this residual oil consisting of the esterification of the free fatty acids followed by the transesterification of the remaining triglycerides. Esterifications were carried out with different methanol:oil molar ratios, and various catalysts in different weight ratios. The results revealed that homogeneous catalysts produced higher yields than heterogeneous ones in the esterification reaction. With the aim of improving the process, a previous triglyceride hydrolysis was assayed using lipases from Candida rugosa. Finally, the 3-stage process was performed under the most favorable conditions for each stage obtaining 84% wt. fatty acid methyl esters, which shows the potential of this residual oil as a source of biodiesel.En las industrias de recogida y reciclado de aceites de fritura usados se obtiene una fracción de lodos que contiene un gran porcentaje de aceite con un extremadamente alto índice de acidez ( > 60%). En este trabajo proponemos un esquema de producción de ésteres metílicos basado en la esterificación de los ácidos grasos libres seguida de la transesterificación de los triglicéridos remanentes. Las esterificaciones se llevaron a cabo usando diferentes relaciones molares metanol:aceite y diversos catalizadores en diferentes concentraciones en peso. Los resultados ilustraron que los catalizadores homogéneos alcanzaron mayores rendimientos en la esterificación que los catalizadores heterogéneos. Para mejorar el proceso, se probó una hidrólisis previa con lipasas de Candida rugosa. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo el proceso con las 3 etapas, en las condiciones más favorables de cada una de ellas, obteniendo un 84% en peso de ésteres metílicos, lo que muestra el potencial de este aceite residual como fuente de biodiésel

Valorización de un aceite residual de alta acidez generado en las industrias de reciclaje de aceites de desecho de cocinas

A sludge fraction is obtained from the industries which recycle cooking oil and this sludge con-tains a large amount of oil with an extremely high acidity (> 60%). In this work, we propose a scheme for methyl ester production from this residual oil consisting of the esterification of the free fatty acids followed by the trans-esterification of the remaining triglycerides. Esterifications were carried out with different methanol:oil molar ratios, and various catalysts in different weight ratios. The results revealed that homogeneous catalysts produced higher yields than heterogeneous ones in the esterification reaction. With the aim of improving the process, a previous triglyceride hydrolysis was assayed using lipases from Candida rugosa. Finally, the 3-stage process was performed under the most favorable conditions for each stage obtaining 84% wt. fatty acid methyl esters, which shows the potential of this residual oil as a source of biodiesel.En las industrias de recogida y reciclado de aceites de fritura usados se obtiene una fracción de lodos que contiene un gran porcentaje de aceite con un extremadamente alto índice de acidez (> 60%). En este trabajo proponemos un esquema de producción de ésteres metílicos basado en la esterificación de los ácidos grasos libres seguida de la transesterificación de los triglicéridos remanentes. Las esterificaciones se llevaron a cabo usando diferentes relaciones molares metanol: aceite y diversos catalizadores en diferentes concentraciones en peso. Los resultados ilustraron que los catalizadores homogéneos alcanzaron mayores rendimientos en la esterificación que los catalizadores heterogéneos. Para mejorar el proceso, se probó una hidrólisis previa con lipasas de Candida rugosa. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo el proceso con las 3 etapas, en las condiciones más favorables de cada una de ellas, obteniendo un 84% en peso de ésteres metílicos, lo que muestra el potencial de este aceite residual como fuente de biodiésel.European Union Funds grant LIFE 13-Bioseville ENV/111

Bovine Tuberculosis in Doñana Biosphere Reserve: The Role of Wild Ungulates as Disease Reservoirs in the Last Iberian Lynx Strongholds

Doñana National Park (DNP) in southern Spain is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve where commercial hunting and wildlife artificial feeding do not take place and traditional cattle husbandry still exists. Herein, we hypothesized that Mycobacterium bovis infection prevalence in wild ungulates will depend on host ecology and that variation in prevalence will reflect variation in the interaction between hosts and environmental risk factors. Cattle bTB reactor rates increased in DNP despite compulsory testing and culling of infected animals. In this study, 124 European wild boar, 95 red deer, and 97 fallow deer were sampled from April 2006 to April 2007 and analyzed for M. bovis infection. Modelling and GIS were used to identify risk factors and intra and inter-species relationships. Infection with M. bovis was confirmed in 65 (52.4%) wild boar, 26 (27.4%) red deer and 18 (18.5%) fallow deer. In the absence of cattle, wild boar M. bovis prevalence reached 92.3% in the northern third of DNP. Wild boar showed more than twice prevalence than that in deer (p<0.001). Modelling revealed that M. bovis prevalence decreased from North to South in wild boar (p<0.001) and red deer (p<0.01), whereas no spatial pattern was evidenced for fallow deer. Infection risk in wild boar was dependent on wild boar M. bovis prevalence in the buffer area containing interacting individuals (p<0.01). The prevalence recorded in this study is among the highest reported in wildlife. Remarkably, this high prevalence occurs in the absence of wildlife artificial feeding, suggesting that a feeding ban alone would have a limited effect on wildlife M. bovis prevalence. In DNP, M. bovis transmission may occur predominantly at the intra-species level due to ecological, behavioural and epidemiological factors. The results of this study allow inferring conclusions on epidemiological bTB risk factors in Mediterranean habitats that are not managed for hunting purposes. Our results support the need to consider wildlife species for the control of bTB in cattle and strongly suggest that bTB may affect animal welfare and conservation

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Construyendo una cultura de innovación. Una propuesta de transformación cultural

Este trabajo presenta el modelo de transformación cultural para la innovación que se viene implementando en la empresa Sumicol, perteneciente a la Organización Corona. El modelo diferencia 3 fases: diagnóstico de la cultura actual, definición de la cultura meta e identificación de las brechas que deben cerrarse para alcanzar esa cultura. La investigación se llevó a cabo como un estudio de caso con énfasis en la perspectiva cualitativa realizada a partir de análisis documental, entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales, y se complementó con una descripción cuantitativa de la cultura. Como resultado se estructura un modelo para el desarrollo de transformaciones culturales, se identifican los formadores de cultura y se establecen los rasgos culturales necesarios para la innovación empresarial.This paper presents the cultural transformation model for innovation that has been implemented in the Sumicol Company, which is part of the Corona Organization. The model distinguishes three stages: current culture diagnosis, target culture definition, and identification of the gaps that must be filled in order to reach that culture. The research was carried out as a case study focusing on the qualitative perspective made from documentary analysis, in-depth interviews and focus groups, and supplemented with a quantitative description of culture. From the results a cultural transformation model, the identification of former culture, and the identification of cultural traits for business innovation, were obtained

Estratégia competitiva e desempenho organizacional em empresas industriais colombianas

A partir de proposições teóricas da literatura sobre estratégia e desempenho formula-se uma hipótese para tratar de constatar que, estratégias com maior estruturação (diferenciadas) incidem mais sobre o desempenho das empresas que aquelas menos estruturadas (concentradas em custos). Utilizando as tipologias estratégicas de Porter (1980) validadas por Dess e Davis (1984) e empregando diferentes medidas de desempenho, realizou-se a presente pesquisa cuja contrastação realizou-se em 199 empresas industriais localizadas na Colômbia. Os resultados, além de validar a relação proposta, fornecem valiosa informação sobre os recursos estratégicos que causam mais impacto sobre o desempenho e fatores diferenciadores entre os tipos de estratégias.À partir d'une approche théorique de la littérature sur la stratégie et l'exercice, une hypothèse est formulée afin de constater si les stratégies plus structurées (différenciées) ont une plus grande incidence sur l'exercice des entreprises que celles qui sont moins structurées (centrées sur les coûts). Utilisant les typologies stratégiques de Porter (1980) validées par Dess y Davis (1984) ainsi que différentes mesures d'exercice, la présente investigation a été réalisée, contrastant 199 entreprises industrielles situées en Colombie. Les résultats permettent de reconnaître la validité de la relation proposée et fournissent également une information importante sur les ressources stratégiques influençant l'exercice et les facteurs différenciateurs de types de stratégies.A partir de planteamientos teóricos de la literatura sobre estrategia y desempeño, se formula una hipótesis para tratar de constatar que estrategias con mayor estructuración (diferenciadas) inciden más sobre el desempeño de las empresas que aquellas menos estructuradas (centradas en costos). Utilizando las tipologías estratégicas de Porter (1980) validadas por Dess y Davis (1984) y empleando diferentes medidas de desempeño, se realizó la presente investigación cuya contrastación se llevó a cabo en 199 empresas industriales localizadas en Colombia. Los resultados, además de validar la relación propuesta, suministran valiosa información sobre los recursos estratégicos que más impactan el desempeño y factores diferenciadores entre los tipos de estrategias.Based on theoretical affirmations from the literature on strategy and performance, the hypothesis is formulated in an attempt to show that more structured (differentiated) strategies have a greater effect on companies' performance than less structured (cost centered) ones. Using the strategic typologies of Porter (1980) as validated by Dess and Davis (1984) and employing different performance measures, this research was carried out and then verified at 199 industrial companies in Colombia. The results, in addition to validating the proposed relationship, provide valuable information on strategic resources that have the greatest impact on performance along with differentiating factors among the types of strategies

Estrategia competitiva y desempeño organizacional en empresas industriales colombianas

A partir de planteamientos teóricos de la literatura sobre estrategia y desempeño, se formula una hipótesis para tratar de constatar que estrategias con mayor estructuración diferenciadas) inciden más sobre el desempeño de las empresas que aquellas menos estructuradas (centradas en costos). Utilizando las tipologías estratégicas de Porter (1980) validadas por Dess y Davis (1984) y empleando diferentes medidas de desempeño, se realizó la presente investigación cuya contrastación se llevó a cabo en 199 empresas industriales localizadas en Colombia. Los resultados, además de validar la relación propuesta, suministran valiosa información sobre los recursos estratégicos que más impactan el desempeño y factores diferenciadores entre los tipos de estrategias