Effects of SCH23390 and spiperone administered into medial striatum and intermediate medial mesopallium on rewarding effects of morphine in day-old chicks

.In the avian forebrain, the medial striatum and the intermediate medial mesopallium are thought to be important structures for associative learning in chicks, where the role of dopaminergic systems in learning processes has been verified in various behavioral paradigms, such as one-trial passive avoidance learning. However, it is not yet clear whether the dopaminergic system of these regions is responsible for associative learning underlying cue-elicited drug reward. In this study, a 6-day conditioning schedule in day-old chicks with i.p. morphine (2 mg/kg) was used to compare the effects of intracerebrally injected dopamine D(1) receptor antagonist, SCH23390, and D(2) antagonist, spiperone. The antagonists were injected bilaterally (3 mu g/site) into either the medial striatum or the intermediate medial mesopallium, and tests were conducted on morphine-induced conditioned place preference or locomotor activity. The acquisition of place preference was significantly inhibited by SCH23390 in either the medial striatum or the intermediate medial mesopallium, but not by spiperone. However, in the medial striatum, but not in the intermediate medial mesopallium, the locomotor activity was blocked by both SCH23390 and spiperone. These data suggest that the medial striatum and the intermediate medial mesopallium in birds are differentially involved in the rewarding effects of morphine, and similarly to mammals, the dopamine D(1) system may play an important role in the development of opiate reward. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Effects of central activation of serotonin 5-HT2A/2C or dopamine D-2/3 receptors on the acute and repeated effects of clozapine in the conditioned avoidance response test

Acute administration of clozapine (a gold standard of atypical antipsychotics) disrupts avoidance response in rodents, while repeated administration often causes a tolerance effect

DNMT3a in the hippocampal CA1 is crucial in the acquisition of morphine self‐administration in rats

Drug‐reinforced excessive operant responding is one fundamental feature of long-lasting addiction‐like behaviors and relapse in animals. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms responsible for the persistent drug‐specific (not natural rewards) operant behavior are not entirely clear. In this study, we demonstrate a key role for one of the de novo DNA methyltransferase, DNMT3a, in the acquisition of morphine self‐administration (SA) in rats. The expression of DNMT3a in the hippocampal CA1 region but not in the nucleus accumbens shell was significantly up‐regulated after 1‐ and 7‐day morphine SA (0.3 mg/kg/infusion) but not after the yoked morphine injection. On the other hand, saccharin SA did not affect the expression of DNMT3a or DNMT3b. DNMT inhibitor 5‐aza‐2‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza) microinjected into the hippocampal CA1 significantly attenuated the acquisition of morphine SA. Knockdown of DNMT3a also impaired the ability to acquire the morphine SA. Overall, these findings suggest that DNMT3a in the hippocampus plays an important role in the acquisition of morphine SA and may be a valid target to prevent the development of morphine addiction. Includes Supplemental informatio

Comparison of yield-vertex tangential loading and principal stress rotational loading

The yield-vertex tangential loading theory is a constitutive approach that accounts for the plastic straining induced by the part of a stress rate directed tangential to the yield surface. One of the important applications of this theory is in the study of geotechnical problems involving significant rotation of principal stress directions. However, it is inaccurate to simply regard the tangential loading as an equivalence to the principal stress rotation. For future reference, this paper presents an investigation into the difference between the tangential loading theory and a true purely principal stress rotational loading theory. Mathematical derivation shows that the tangential stress rate includes the rotational stress rate and an additional coaxial term that is associated with the variation of the Lode angle. Numerical applications of these two theories indicate that in shear dominated problems, such as simple shear, the two theories are almost identical and interchangeable, but in non-shear dominated circumstances, such as footing, the tangential loading theory produces considerably softer results than the rotational loading theory

Time trend analysis of thyroid cancer surgery in China: single institutional database analysis of 15,000 patients

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Language-Led Visual Grounding and Future Possibilities

In recent years, with the rapid development of computer vision technology and the popularity of intelligent hardware, as well as the increasing demand for human–machine interaction in intelligent products, visual localization technology can help machines and humans to recognize and locate objects, thereby promoting human–machine interaction and intelligent manufacturing. At the same time, human–machine interaction is constantly evolving and improving, becoming increasingly intelligent, humanized, and efficient. In this article, a new visual localization model is proposed, and a language validation module is designed to use language information as the main information to increase the model’s interactivity. In addition, we also list the future possibilities of visual localization and provide two examples to explore the application and optimization direction of visual localization and human–machine interaction technology in practical scenarios, providing reference and guidance for relevant researchers and promoting the development and application of visual localization and human–machine interaction technology

Study of long-termed displacements of a tunnel boring machine during its stoppage

This paper studies the long-termed displacement of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) resting on soft clay during its unscheduled stoppage for 100 days. It is based on a real case of tunneling in a coastal city of Ningbo in China. The numerical prediction is carried out by using different soil models in the software PLAXIS, and the prediction is compared with on-site measurement of the displacement. Different factors are considered in the prediction, including soil creeping and the disturbance to the soft clay during the tunneling. The study indicates that the consideration of disturbance is essential to the accurate prediction. While advanced soil models including the soft soil model and soft soil creep model are not able to accurately predict the TBM displacement, the consideration of soil disturbance leads to a very good agreement with the measurement. The accurate prediction of ground settlements also justifies consideration of the disturbance in the study of tunneling. © 2018 Elsevier Lt

Study of long-termed displacements of a tunnel boring machine during its stoppage

This paper studies the long-termed displacement of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) resting on soft clay during its unscheduled stoppage for 100 days. It is based on a real case of tunneling in a coastal city of Ningbo in China. The numerical prediction is carried out by using different soil models in the software PLAXIS, and the prediction is compared with on-site measurement of the displacement. Different factors are considered in the prediction, including soil creeping and the disturbance to the soft clay during the tunneling. The study indicates that the consideration of disturbance is essential to the accurate prediction. While advanced soil models including the soft soil model and soft soil creep model are not able to accurately predict the TBM displacement, the consideration of soil disturbance leads to a very good agreement with the measurement. The accurate prediction of ground settlements also justifies consideration of the disturbance in the study of tunneling. © 2018 Elsevier Lt

Case report of retroperitoneal ectopic pancreas with adrenal adenoma

BackgroundEctopic pancreas is a congenital anomaly in which pancreatic tissue is anatomically separated from the main gland and without vascular or ductal continuity. A case of retroperitoneal ectopic pancreas with adrenal adenoma has never yet been reported.Case PresentationA 54-year-old man presented three masses in the left retroperitoneum, and two of them were resected. The pathologic findings were a retroperitoneal ectopic pancreas with adrenal adenoma.ConclusionWe report an extremely rare case of a retroperitoneal ectopic pancreas and its characterization with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)