7 research outputs found
Caractérisation des systÚmes de production à base de riz pluvial strict dans les exploitations agricoles de la zone Sud-soudanienne du Burkina Faso
Au Burkina Faso, le riz occupe la 4Ăšme place des cĂ©rĂ©ales tant du point de vue des superficies, de la production que de la consommation annuelle par habitant. Cependant, la production nationale est faible et ne couvre que 47% des besoins des populations. Au Burkina trois, types de rizicultures se cĂŽtoient ; la riziculture pluviale ; la riziculture de bas-fond et la riziculture irriguĂ©e. La riziculture pluviale offre un fort potentiel mais est mal maĂźtrisĂ©e avec de faibles rendements. Cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© conduite sous forme dâenquĂȘte auprĂšs de 157 producteurs afin dâidentifier les potentiels et les contraintes de la riziculture pluviale dans la zone Ouest du Burkina. Les rĂ©sultats montrent une rĂ©cente introduction de la riziculture pluviale dans la zone. La superficie individuelle moyenne est de 0,81 ha. Les rendements moyens sont dâenviron 1075 kg/ha. Les quantitĂ©s dâengrais par hectare sont faibles et sont en moyenne de 44,5 kg pour lâazote, 25,5 kg pour le phosphore et 15,5 kg pour le potassium. Le riz pluvial est cultivĂ© en pure sans rotation rĂ©guliĂšre. La faible maĂźtrise de lâitinĂ©raire technique de production nĂ©cessite une formation des producteurs pour accroĂźtre les rendements et booster la production du riz pluvial.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clĂ©s : Riz pluvial, rendement, enquĂȘtes, itinĂ©raire technique
EVALUATION OF THE GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN A CLOSED INDUSTRIAL LANDFILL
The study parameters: pH, conductivity, salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of groundwater in a closed industrial landfill, subject to the waste discharges of city of Bacau (East Romania), shows that the water quality of the different sampling points is variable. This difference is noted at the level of conductivity, TDS, turbidity, TSS and COD. These differences, however parameters are substantially higher compared the value of the legislation in groundwater Romania. Salinity remains relatively high at the point of sample P1 (0.7). The pH values are comprising in the range of reference values (6.5 to 7.4). The results also showed very strong correlations (r> 0.8) between Conductivity-Salinity, Conductivity -TDS, Salinity, TDS, Turbidity.-TSS, COD and TSS-Turbidity-COD. The strong correlation (0.5 0.8) were noted between Turbidity- Conductivity, Turbidity-Salinity, Turbidity, TDS, TSS conductivity, TSS-Salinity, TSS, TDS, COD, conductivity, salinity, COD, COD-TDS. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) also highlighted groundwater mineralization events of this landfill and possible pollution by organic matter
EVALUATION OF THE GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN A CLOSED INDUSTRIAL LANDFILL
The study parameters: pH, conductivity, salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of groundwater in a closed industrial landfill, subject to the waste discharges of city of Bacau (East Romania), shows that the water quality of the different sampling points is variable. This difference is noted at the level of conductivity, TDS, turbidity, TSS and COD. These differences, however parameters are substantially higher compared the value of the legislation in groundwater Romania. Salinity remains relatively high at the point of sample P1 (0.7). The pH values are comprising in the range of reference values (6.5 to 7.4). The results also showed very strong correlations (r> 0.8) between Conductivity-Salinity, Conductivity -TDS, Salinity, TDS, Turbidity.-TSS, COD and TSS-Turbidity-COD. The strong correlation (0.5 0.8) were noted between Turbidity- Conductivity, Turbidity-Salinity, Turbidity, TDS, TSS conductivity, TSS-Salinity, TSS, TDS, COD, conductivity, salinity, COD, COD-TDS. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) also highlighted groundwater mineralization events of this landfill and possible pollution by organic matter
Influence des haies de Jatropha sur le rendement dâune culture de sorgho (Sorghum vulgare) dans la zone Ouest du Burkina Faso: cas du terroir de Torokoro
Dans un contexte de dĂ©sertification et avec la crise Ă©nergĂ©tique, un bon nombre dâacteurs de dĂ©veloppement au Burkina Faso sâest intĂ©ressĂ© au Jatropha curcas L. comme source dâĂ©nergie et de durabilitĂ©Â des productions. Afin dâĂ©valuer lâinfluence de Jatropha sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s chimiques du sol et la productivitĂ© du sorgho associĂ©e, des essais ont Ă©tĂ© suivis pendant trois ans dans le terroir de Torokoro en zone Sud soudanienne de pluviomĂ©trie dâenviron 1200 mm. Les plants de Jatropha, ĂągĂ©s de 6 ans, sont plantĂ©s aux Ă©cartements de 5 m entre les lignes et 2 m entre les plants. Le dispositif expĂ©rimental comporte trois blocs composĂ©s chacun de deux parcelles de 400 m2 correspondants aux 2 traitements: une par celle avec lâassociation sorgho-Jatropha et une parcelle en culture pure de sorgho (tĂ©moin). Les prĂ©lĂšvements de sol ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s sous houppier, Ă 1 m et2m de la haie. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent que Jatropha amĂ©liore la teneur du sol en carbone de 10% et de 8% en matiĂšre organique par rapport au tĂ©moin. Jatropha est aussi source de phosphore et de potassium et influence positivement la productivitĂ© du sorgho. Jatropha amĂ©liore donc les propriĂ©tĂ©s chimiques du sol et la productivitĂ© du sorgho.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clĂ©s: Jatropha curcas L., sol, Sorgho, Rendements, propriĂ©tĂ©s chimiques, Burkina FasoEnglish Title: Influence of Jatropha hedges on the yield of a sorghum crop (Sorghum vulgare) in the western region of Burkina Faso: case of Torokoro localityEnglish AbstractIn a context of desertification and with the energy crisis, a number of development actors in Burkina Faso became interested in Jatropha curcas L. as a source of energy and sustainability of production. To assess the influence of Jatropha on soil chemical properties and on the productivity of associated sorghum, experiments were followed for three years in the village of Torokoro in south sudanian region, with a rainfall of about 1200 mm. Jatropha plants, aged 6, are planted at 5 m between rows and 2 m between plants. The experiment consisted of three blocks each consisting of two plots of 400 m2 corresponding to two treatments: a plot with sorghum and Jatropha in association and a plot with sorghum only (control). Soil samples were taken under crown, at 1m and 2 m from the hedge. The results indicate that Jatropha improves the carbon content in the soil of 10%, and the organic matter content of 8% compared to the control. Jatropha is also a source of phosphorus and potassium and positively influences the productivity of sorghum. Therefore, Jatropha improves the chemical properties of soil and productivity of sorghum.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Jatropha curcas L., soil, Sorghum, yields, chemical properties, Burkina Fas
Caractérisation des systÚmes de production de Jatropha dans les exploitations agricoles de la zone Ouest du Burkina Faso
La production agricole est la principale source de dĂ©veloppement socio-Ă©conomique au Burkina Faso. Depuis les annĂ©es 2000, la promotion du Biocarburant suscite un regain dâintĂ©rĂȘt pour la plantation de PourghĂšre (Jatropha curcas L.). Dans 14 villages de la zone Ouest du Burkina Faso, une enquĂȘte semistructurĂ©e basĂ©e sur un questionnaire a Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©e auprĂšs de 210 producteurs de Jatropha. Les rĂ©sultats des enquĂȘtes indiquent que la production de Jatropha est rĂ©cente. La superficie des plantations de Jatropha varie entre 7,5 et 30 ha par village. LâĂ©cartement le plus adoptĂ© pour la plantation de Jatropha est de 5 m entre les lignes et 2 m entre les plants (5 m Ă 2 m), soit une densitĂ© de 1071 plants/ha. Une proportion de 80,4% des producteurs enquĂȘtĂ©s indique avoir 4 Ă 7 ans dâexpĂ©rience dans la culture de Jatropha. Les rendements varient entre 300 et 700 kg/ha. Pour 78,5% des exploitants, leur engagement dans la culture de Jatropha a Ă©tĂ© motivĂ©Â par les structures de promotion de Jatropha. Plus de 90% des producteurs pratiquent la technique de la pĂ©piniĂšre-transplantation et 70% pratiquent la culture associĂ©e au Jatropha. Les enquĂȘtes rĂ©vĂšlent que 70% des producteurs associent les lĂ©gumineuses au Jatropha et que 22% des producteurs pratiquent la fertilisation de Jatropha. Lâapplication des traitements phytosanitaires au Jatropha peu pratiquĂ©e, ne concerne que 11% des producteurs.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clĂ©s: Biocarburant, pourghĂšre (Jatropha curcas L.), enquĂȘtes, exploitants, Burkina FasoEnglish Title:  Characterization of the systems of production of Jatropha in the agricultural exploitations of the West zone of Burkina FosoEnglish AbstractThe agricultural production is the main source of socioeconomic development of Burkina Faso. Since the years 2000, the promotion of biofuel causes a renewal of interest toward Jatropha curcas L. In 14 villages of the West zone of Burkina Faso, a semi-structured investigation based on a questionnaire has been applied on 210 farmers of Jatropha. The results of the investigations indicate that the production of Jatropha is recent. The surfaces of plantations of Jatropha vary between 7.5 and 30 ha per village. The more adopted spacing for the plantation of Jatropha is of 5 m between the lines and 2 m between the plantations (5 m Ă 2 m), thus a density of 1071 plants/ha. A proportion of 80.4% of producers investigated have 4 to 7 years of experience in the culture of Jatropha. The yields vary between 300 and 700 kg/ha. For 78.5% of farmers, their commitment in the production of Jatropha has been motivated by the structures of promotion of Jatropha. More than 90% of the producers practice the technique of the nursery-transplantation and 70% grow cereal associated with Jatropha. The investigations reveal that 70% of producers associate vegetables with Jatropha and that 22% of producers fertilize Jatropha fields. The rate of the application of pesticides in the field of Jatropha is little, it concerns only 11% of producers.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Biofuel, Jatropha curcas L., investigations, producers, Burkina Fas
Early stage litter decomposition across biomes
[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVINInternational audienceThrough litter decomposition enormous amounts of carbon is emitted to the atmosphere. Numerous large-scale decomposition experiments have been conducted focusing on this fundamental soil process in order to understand the controls on the terrestrial carbon transfer to the atmosphere. However, previous studies were mostly based on site-speciïŹc litter and methodologies, adding major uncertainty to syntheses, comparisons and meta-analyses across different experiments and sites. In the TeaComposition initiative, the potential litter decomposition is investigated by using standardized substrates (Rooibos and Green tea) for comparison of litter mass loss at 336 sites (ranging fro