Correlation between luminescent characteristics and phase composition of ZnS:Cu powder prepared by self-propagating high temperature synthesis

a b s t r a c t The powder-like ZnS:Cu grown by self-propagating high temperature synthesis from the mixture of Zn, S and CuCl is investigated before and after annealing at 800 1C by photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. It is found that after synthesis the ZnS:Cu powder consists of a mixture of cubic and hexagonal ZnS phases as well as crystalline Cu x Zn 1 À x solid solution. PL spectrum shows a wide PL band which is the superposition of green and blue Cu-related bands as well as self-activated one. It is shown that annealing at 800 1C gives rise to three processes, controlled by the heating time to annealing temperature: (i) phase transformation of ZnS hexagonal phase to cubic one; (ii) oxidation processes resulting in ZnO formation; (iii) the non-monotonic changes of Cu x Zn 1 À x phase composition and decrease of its content. These changes are accompanied by the non-monotonic variation of the blue to green Cu-related PL band intensities ratio which correlates with the variation of Cu x Zn 1 À x phase composition. The model that explains the changes of ZnS:Cu PL characteristics by indiffusion of Zn and Cu from Cu x Zn 1 À x phase is proposed. The anisotropic character of ZnS phase transformation and oxidation process is found

Создание трансгенных растений салата, содержащих ген сшитого белка антигенов ESAT6:Ag85B из Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Трансгенні рослини є багатообіцяючим і безпечним інструментом для створення їстівних вакцин. Імунізація, що відбувається внаслідок вживання в їжу рослин, у яких проходить експресія туберкульозних антигенів, є перспективним підходом у боротьбі з туберкульозом. У цій роботі ми повідомляємо про створення трансгенних рослин салату (Lactuca sativa), що містять ген зшитого білка антигенів Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT6:Ag85B. Трансгенні рослини були отримані методом трансформації за допомогою Agrobacterium tumefaciens. У роботі були використані вектори, що містять ген esxA, зшитий з геном fbpB. Також вектори містили селективні гени: ген неоміцинфосфотрансферази (nptII) або фосфінотрицин ацетилтрансферази (bar). На селективному середовищі були відібрані трансгенні рослини салату. Наявність селективного та цільового генів у геномі цих рослин була підтверджена за допомогою ПЛР. Трансгенні рослини салату були висаджені в ґрунт в умовах теплиці для проведення наступних досліджень.Transgenic plants are promising and potentially safe tools to produce edible vaccines. Passive immunization by oral delivery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens expressed in transgenic plants seems to be the perspective strategy to combat tuberculosis. In this paper, we discuss the generation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) transgenic plants carrying the fused gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens ESAT6:Ag85B. By employing Agrobacterium mediated transformation method, transgenic plants are obtained. Vectors containing gene esxA fused with fbpB gene are used. Plasmid vectors also contain selective genes of neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) or phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (bar). Stable transgenic plants are selected. By using PCR analysis, we confirm the presence of target and selective genes in plants genome. Rooted plats are transferred to soil in the greenhouse for further experiments.Трансгенные растения являются многообещающим и безопасным инструментом для создания съедобных вакцин. Иммунизация, что происходит в результате употребления в пищу растений, в которых проходит экспрессия туберкулезных антигенов, является перспективным подходом в борьбе с туберкулезом. В этой работе мы сообщаем о создании трансгенных растений салата (Lactuca sativa), содержащих ген сшитого белка антигенов Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT6:Ag85B. Трансгенные растения были получены методом трансформации с помощью Agrobacterium tumefaciens. В работе были использованы векторы, содержащие ген esxA, сшитый с геном fbpB. Также векторы содержали селективные гены: ген неомицинфосфотрансферазы (nptII) или фосфинотрицин ацетилтрансферазы (bar). На селективной среде были отобраны трансгенные растения салата. Наличие селективного и целевого генов в геноме этих растений было подтверждено с помощью ПЦР. Трансгенные растения салата были высажены в грунт в условиях теплицы для проведения последующих исследований

Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 8 PACS 85

Abstract. We consider the features of formation of AuTiPd ohmic contacts to p + -Si. Metallization was made by vacuum thermal sputtering of Pd, Ti and Au films onto the Si substrate heated up to 330 С. It is shown that the contact resistivity increases with temperature; this is typical of metallic conductivity. We suggest that the ohmic contact is formed owing to appearance of shunts at Pd deposition on dislocations or other structural defects. The number of shunts per unit area is close to the measured density of structural defects at the metalSi interface

Devising a procedure for defining the general criteria of abnormal behavior of a computer system based on the improved criterion of uniformity of input data samples

Devising a procedure for defining the general criteria of abnormal behavior of a computer system based on the improved criterion of uniformity of input data samples / Serhii Semenov, Oleksandr Mozhaiev, Nina Kuchuk, Mykhailo Mozhaiev, Serhii Tiulieniev, Yurii Gnusov, Dmytro Yevstrat, Yuliia Chyrva, Heorhii Kuchuk // Eastern-European Journal of enterprise technologies = Східно-європейський журнал передових технологій. - 2022. - Vol. 6, No 4 (120). – P. 40-49. - DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2022.269128.Розглянуто процес виявлення аномалій в комп'ютерних системах. Вирішено завдання своєчасного виявлення аномалій в комп’ютерних системах на основі математичної моделі, в основі якої лежать критерії однорідності вибірок вхідних даних. Визначено необхідність і можливість розробки універсального і водночас науково обґрунтованого підходу до відстеження станів системи. Розроблено методологію визначення загального критерію аномалії поведінки комп’ютерної системи в залежності від вхідних даних. Це підвищить надійність виявлення аномалії в поведінці системи, що, в свою чергу, має підвищити її безпеку. Для розв’язання задачі побудовано математичну модель для виявлення аномалій у поведінці комп’ютерної системи. Математична модель відрізняється від загальновідомих можливістю виділення серії спостережень, результати яких показують аномалію в поведінці комп'ютерної системи. Це дало змогу забезпечити необхідний рівень достовірності результатів моніторингу та досліджень. У процесі моделювання досліджено та вдосконалено критерії однорідності вибірок вхідних даних. Доведено доцільність використання удосконаленого критерію однорідності вибірок вхідних даних у випадку істотно нерівномірного розподілу значень від датчиків комп’ютерних систем. Розроблено алгоритм функціонування засобу тестування програмного забезпечення. Результати дослідження показали, що довірча ймовірність того, що значення статистичних значень зсуву за певним критерієм не відхиляється від математичного сподівання більш ніж на 0,05, приблизно дорівнює 0,94. Область застосування отриманих результатів – системи виявлення аномалій комп’ютерних систем. Необхідною умовою використання запропонованих результатів є наявність серії спостережень за станом комп’ютерної системи.The object of this study was the process of detecting anomalies in computer systems. The task to timely detect anomalies in computer systems was solved, based on a mathematical model underlying which is the criteria for uniformity of samples of input data. The necessity and possibility to devise a universal and at the same time scientifically based approach to tracking the states of the system were determined. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to develop a methodology for determining the general criterion of anomaly in the behavior of a computer system depending on the input data. This will increase the reliability of identifying the anomaly in the behavior of the system, which, in turn, should increase its safety. To solve the problem, a mathematical model for detecting anomalies in the behavior of a computer system has been built. The mathematical model differs from the well-known ones in the possibility of isolating a series of observations, the results of which show the anomaly in the behavior of the computer system. This made it possible to ensure the necessary level of reliability of the results of monitoring and research. In the process of modeling, the criteria for uniformity of samples of input data have been investigated and improved. The expediency of using the improved criterion of uniformity of samples of input data in the case of a significantly unequal distribution of values from the sensors of computer systems has been proved. An algorithm for the functioning of the software test tool has been developed. The results of the study showed that the confidence probability that the value of the statistical values of the shift in a certain criterion does not deviate from the mathematical expectation by more than 0.05 is approximately equal to 0.94. The scope of the obtained results is systems for detecting anomalies of computer systems. A necessary condition for the use of the proposed results is the presence of a series of observations of the state of the computer system.Рассмотрен процесс обнаружения аномалий в компьютерных системах. Решена задача своевременного выявления аномалий в компьютерных системах на основе математической модели, в основе которой лежат критерии однородности выборок входных данных. Определены необходимость и возможность разработки универсального и одновременно научно обоснованного подхода к отслеживанию состояний системы. Разработана методология определения общего критерия аномалии поведения компьютерной системы в зависимости от входных данных

Theoretical and technological aspects of intelligent systems: problems of artificial intelligence

Theoretical and technological aspects of intelligent systems: problems of artificial intelligence / Denys Frolov, Wojciech Radziewicz, Volodymyr Saienko and etc. // International journal of computer science and network security. – 2021. – Vol . 21, No 5. – P. 35-38. -DOI :https://doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2021.21.5.6.Досліджено підходи до визначення і розуміння штучного інтелекту. Розглянуто штучний інтелект в антропологічному вимірі. Наголошено на важливості системного підходу як методологічної основи проектування інтелектуальної системи. Визначено структурно-функціональні компоненти інтелектуальної системи; інтелектуальні системи в технологічному аспекті. Розкрито проблеми та перспективи відносин у системі «людина – інтелектуальна система".The article discusses approaches to the definition and understanding of artificial intelligence, research directions in the field of artificial intelligence; artificial intelligence in the anthropological dimension; the importance of the systems approach as a methodological basis for the design of intelligent systems; structural and functional components of intelligent systems; intelligent systems in the technological aspect; problems and prospects of relations in the system "man - intellectual system".Исследованы подходы к определению и пониманию искусственного интеллекта. Рассмотрен искусственный интеллект в антропологическом измерении. Отмечено важность системного подхода как методологической основы проектирования интеллектуальной системы. Определены структурно-функциональные компоненты интеллектуальной системы; интеллектуальные системы в технологическом аспекте. Раскрыты проблемы и перспективы отношений в системе «человек – интеллектуальная система»

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Improved risk stratification of patients with atrial fibrillation: an integrated GARFIELD-AF tool for the prediction of mortality, stroke and bleed in patients with and without anticoagulation.

OBJECTIVES: To provide an accurate, web-based tool for stratifying patients with atrial fibrillation to facilitate decisions on the potential benefits/risks of anticoagulation, based on mortality, stroke and bleeding risks. DESIGN: The new tool was developed, using stepwise regression, for all and then applied to lower risk patients. C-statistics were compared with CHA2DS2-VASc using 30-fold cross-validation to control for overfitting. External validation was undertaken in an independent dataset, Outcome Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF). PARTICIPANTS: Data from 39 898 patients enrolled in the prospective GARFIELD-AF registry provided the basis for deriving and validating an integrated risk tool to predict stroke risk, mortality and bleeding risk. RESULTS: The discriminatory value of the GARFIELD-AF risk model was superior to CHA2DS2-VASc for patients with or without anticoagulation. C-statistics (95% CI) for all-cause mortality, ischaemic stroke/systemic embolism and haemorrhagic stroke/major bleeding (treated patients) were: 0.77 (0.76 to 0.78), 0.69 (0.67 to 0.71) and 0.66 (0.62 to 0.69), respectively, for the GARFIELD-AF risk models, and 0.66 (0.64-0.67), 0.64 (0.61-0.66) and 0.64 (0.61-0.68), respectively, for CHA2DS2-VASc (or HAS-BLED for bleeding). In very low to low risk patients (CHA2DS2-VASc 0 or 1 (men) and 1 or 2 (women)), the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED (for bleeding) scores offered weak discriminatory value for mortality, stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding. C-statistics for the GARFIELD-AF risk tool were 0.69 (0.64 to 0.75), 0.65 (0.56 to 0.73) and 0.60 (0.47 to 0.73) for each end point, respectively, versus 0.50 (0.45 to 0.55), 0.59 (0.50 to 0.67) and 0.55 (0.53 to 0.56) for CHA2DS2-VASc (or HAS-BLED for bleeding). Upon validation in the ORBIT-AF population, C-statistics showed that the GARFIELD-AF risk tool was effective for predicting 1-year all-cause mortality using the full and simplified model for all-cause mortality: C-statistics 0.75 (0.73 to 0.77) and 0.75 (0.73 to 0.77), respectively, and for predicting for any stroke or systemic embolism over 1 year, C-statistics 0.68 (0.62 to 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Performance of the GARFIELD-AF risk tool was superior to CHA2DS2-VASc in predicting stroke and mortality and superior to HAS-BLED for bleeding, overall and in lower risk patients. The GARFIELD-AF tool has the potential for incorporation in routine electronic systems, and for the first time, permits simultaneous evaluation of ischaemic stroke, mortality and bleeding risks. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362) and for ORBIT-AF (NCT01165710)

Two-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: results from GARFIELD-AF.

AIMS: The relationship between outcomes and time after diagnosis for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is poorly defined, especially beyond the first year. METHODS AND RESULTS: GARFIELD-AF is an ongoing, global observational study of adults with newly diagnosed NVAF. Two-year outcomes of 17 162 patients prospectively enrolled in GARFIELD-AF were analysed in light of baseline characteristics, risk profiles for stroke/systemic embolism (SE), and antithrombotic therapy. The mean (standard deviation) age was 69.8 (11.4) years, 43.8% were women, and the mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.3 (1.6); 60.8% of patients were prescribed anticoagulant therapy with/without antiplatelet (AP) therapy, 27.4% AP monotherapy, and 11.8% no antithrombotic therapy. At 2-year follow-up, all-cause mortality, stroke/SE, and major bleeding had occurred at a rate (95% confidence interval) of 3.83 (3.62; 4.05), 1.25 (1.13; 1.38), and 0.70 (0.62; 0.81) per 100 person-years, respectively. Rates for all three major events were highest during the first 4 months. Congestive heart failure, acute coronary syndromes, sudden/unwitnessed death, malignancy, respiratory failure, and infection/sepsis accounted for 65% of all known causes of death and strokes for <10%. Anticoagulant treatment was associated with a 35% lower risk of death. CONCLUSION: The most frequent of the three major outcome measures was death, whose most common causes are not known to be significantly influenced by anticoagulation. This suggests that a more comprehensive approach to the management of NVAF may be needed to improve outcome. This could include, in addition to anticoagulation, interventions targeting modifiable, cause-specific risk factors for death. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362