Canning of non exportable shrimps

The shrimp can with three compounds of salted water, oil, and sauce, in view of the organoleptic characteristics were compared to each other. Also the effects of processing methods including freezing, drying and canning were evaluated according to some qualitative parameters to raw shrimp (blank). The result showed that considering the organoleptic characteristics, the shrimp can with the compound of oil was better than the two others. On the other hand, the pH of the shrimp can, containing oil was 7.44 ± 0.01, freeze shrimp 7 ± 83-0.04 and dried shrimp 7.46 ± 0.01, that according to the T test, comparing to the blank these differences were statistically meaningful (P <U/01). The amount of protein in freeze shrimp was 96.2 ± 0.03, in dried shrimp 81 ± 0.7 and in canned shrimp (containing oil) was 76.8 ± 0.92, these differences were also statistically considerable. The quantity of the T.V.N in freeze shrimp was 0 ± 0.53, dried shrimp 66 ± 0.3 and in canned shrimp (containing oil) was significant. In view of the total number of the microorganisms, in freeze shrimp was 4800 per gram, in the dried shrimp 15500 per gram, and in the canned shrimp was negative

A paper recommender system based on user’s profile in big data scholarly

Users encounter a huge volume of papers in digital libraries and paper search engines such as IEEE Explore, ACM Digital library, Google scholar and etc. these high number of papers make some difficulties for researchers for finding proper information and items. Recommender systems contain successful tools for knowledge of users and identification of their priorities. These systems present a personalized proposal to users who seek to find a special kind of relevant data or their priorities through the big number of data. Recommendersystem based on personalization uses the user profile and in view of the fact that the user profile encompass information pertaining to the user priorities; so it is a very active district in data recovery. Recommendersystem is an attitude that presented in order to encounter difficulties caused by abundant data and it helps users to attain their goals quickly through huge number of data. In this paper, we have presented an approach that received entire of available information in a paper, and formed a profile for each user by short and long inquiries; this profile is personalized for user and then recommends the closest paperto the  user by the user profile. Findings indicate that suggested approach outperformsthe similar approaches.Keywords: recommender system; bigdata; user profile; content-based recommender system; hadoo

A contextual information based scholary paper recommender system using big data platform

Recommender systems for research papers have been increasingly popular. In the past 14 years more than 170 research papers,patents and webpageshave been published in this field. Scientific papers recommender systemsare trying to provide some recommendations to each user which are consistent with the users' personal interests based on performance, personal tastes and users behaviors.Since the volume of papers are growing day after day and the recommender systemshave not the ability for covering these huge volumes ofprocessing papers according to the users' preferences it is necessary to use parallel processing (mapping – reducing programming) for covering and fast processing of these volumes of papers. The suggested system for this research constitutes a profile for each paper which contains context information and the scope of paper. Then, the system will advise some papers to the user according to the user work domain and the papers domain. For implementing the system it has been used hadoop bed and the parallel programming because the volume of data was a part of a big data and the time was also an important factor. The performance of the suggested system was measured by the criteria such as user satisfaction and the accuracy and the results have been satisfactory.Keywords: Recommender systems; big data; Hadoop; contextual informatio

Determinant criteria for designing Health benefit package in selected countries

Health benefit package described as primary health interventions that provided with government using general funds for all regardless their financial ability. This study was aimed at determine appropriate pattern for Iran using comparative survey of Health benefit package in various countries. A review exploration was done, scholars was selected population of both developed and developing countries, required information was also extracted by articles, searches and reports of reliable sources and date were analyzed by SPSS, in brief. The vast majority frequencies was respectively allocated to accessibility (40.7%), cost- effectiveness (29.6%), prioritize, efficacy and cost (22.2%). most countries located in WHO African region were selected cost-effectiveness and accessibility, WHO southeast Asia region were selected, coverage, prioritize, efficacy and quality and finally most WHO Europeans region were elected effectiveness and services costs for including services in Health benefit package. According to most Health benefit package designer emphasis on criteria including accessibility and costeffectiveness, to design Health benefit package for Iran, these criteria must be noticed

Impact of neuraminidase inhibitors on influenza A(H1N1)pdm09‐related pneumonia: an individual participant data meta‐analysis

BACKGROUND: The impact of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) on influenza‐related pneumonia (IRP) is not established. Our objective was to investigate the association between NAI treatment and IRP incidence and outcomes in patients hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. METHODS: A worldwide meta‐analysis of individual participant data from 20 634 hospitalised patients with laboratory‐confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 (n = 20 021) or clinically diagnosed (n = 613) ‘pandemic influenza’. The primary outcome was radiologically confirmed IRP. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using generalised linear mixed modelling, adjusting for NAI treatment propensity, antibiotics and corticosteroids. RESULTS: Of 20 634 included participants, 5978 (29·0%) had IRP; conversely, 3349 (16·2%) had confirmed the absence of radiographic pneumonia (the comparator). Early NAI treatment (within 2 days of symptom onset) versus no NAI was not significantly associated with IRP [adj. OR 0·83 (95% CI 0·64–1·06; P = 0·136)]. Among the 5978 patients with IRP, early NAI treatment versus none did not impact on mortality [adj. OR = 0·72 (0·44–1·17; P = 0·180)] or likelihood of requiring ventilatory support [adj. OR = 1·17 (0·71–1·92; P = 0·537)], but early treatment versus later significantly reduced mortality [adj. OR = 0·70 (0·55–0·88; P = 0·003)] and likelihood of requiring ventilatory support [adj. OR = 0·68 (0·54–0·85; P = 0·001)]. CONCLUSIONS: Early NAI treatment of patients hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection versus no treatment did not reduce the likelihood of IRP. However, in patients who developed IRP, early NAI treatment versus later reduced the likelihood of mortality and needing ventilatory support

Genotoxicity of methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate and its relationship with glutathione

Methyl acrylate (MA) and ethyl acrylate (EA) had previously tested positive for mutagenicity in vitro, but in vivo studies were negative. One of the metabolism pathways of alkyl acrylates is conjugation with glutathione. The glutathione availability is restricted in standard in vitro test systems so that they do not reflect the in vivo metabolism in this respect. We investigated whether the addition of glutathione to the in vitro L5178Y/TK+/− mouse lymphoma mutagenicity test prevents alkyl acrylate’s mutagenicity in vitro. We also investigated whether the quantitative relationships support the notion that the GSH supplemented in vitro systems reflect the true in vivo activity. Indeed, glutathione concentrations as low as 1 mM completely negate the mutagenicity of MA and EA in the L5178Y/TK+/− mouse lymphoma mutagenicity test up to the highest concentrations of the two acrylates tested, 35 µg/ml, a higher concentration than that previously found to be mutagenic in this test (14 µg MA/ml and 20 µg EA/ml). 1 mM Glutathione reduced the residual MA and EA at the end of the exposure period in the mutagenicity tests by 96–97%, but in vivo up to 100 mg/kg body weight MA and EA left the glutathione levels in the mouse liver and forestomach completely intact. It is concluded that the in-situ levels of glutathione, 7.55 ± 0.57 and 2.84 ± 0.22 µmol/g mouse liver and forestomach, respectively, can efficiently protect against MA and EA-induced mutagenicity up to the high concentration of 100 mg MA and EA/kg body weight and that the negative in vivo mutagenicity tests on MA and EA reflect the true in vivo situation

Challenges in the implementation of an electronic referral system: A qualitative study in the Iranian context

Referral chain reduces patient costs and results in more efficient use of workforce and equipment. Despite the implementation of the Family Physician Programme in Iran, the referral system does not function as intended. Therefore, this study was conducted to explain the challenges in the implementation of an electronic referral system in Iran. This qualitative study was performed in Golestan province in northern Iran. The participants were 46 family physicians, specialist physicians, healthcare managers, experts, and patients who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using in-depth individual interviews and were analysed using content analysis. Implementation of the electronic referral system faces management challenges (planning, organisation, motivation, control), administrative challenges (scheduling, patient load and waiting time, visit and diagnosis, feedback), and educational, policy, sociocultural, technological, and economic challenges. Policymakers can adopt appropriate strategies to improve the quantity and quality of their electronic referral system according to the challenges identified herein. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd