Raman scattering from phonons and magnons in RFe3)BO3)4

Inelastic light scattering spectra of several members of the RFe3(BO3)4 family reveal a cascade of phase transitions as a function of temperature, starting with a structural, weakly first order, phase transition followed by two magnetic phase transitions. Those consist of the ordering of the Fe-spin sublattice revealed by all the compound, and a subsequent spin-reorientational transition for GdFe3(BO3)4. The Raman data evidence a strong coupling between the lattice and magnetic degrees of freedom in these borates. The Fe-sublattice ordering leads to a strong suppression of the low energy magnetic scattering, and a multiple peaked two-magnon scattering continuum is observed. Evidence for short-range correlations is found in the `paramagnetic' phase by the observation of a broad magnetic continuum in the Raman data, which persists up to surprisingly high temperatures.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figure

Draft genome sequence of Methyloferula stellata AR4, an obligate methanotroph possessing only a soluble methane monooxygenase

Methyloferula stellata AR4 is an aerobic acidophilic methanotroph, which, in contrast to most known methanotrophs but similar to Methylocella spp., possesses only a soluble methane monooxygenase. However, it differs from Methylocella spp. by its inability to grow on multicarbon substrates. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this bacterium

THEOLOGICAL AND EDUCATIONAL IDEAS OF THE TATAR ENLIGHTENER KAYUM NASYRI

Purpose of the study: In the article, it is researched influence of theological and educational ideas of the Tatar enlightener Kayum Nasyri to the development of education and upbringing of Tatar people.  The authors studied the conditions of the period when Kayum Nasyri lived and worked. Methodology: In the article, it is analyzed the merits of the great Tatar enlightener. There is a description of the educational goals, tasks, and principles that Kayum Nasyri thought that should be taken by teachers in the process of education and upbringing of Tatar people. Results: The authors of the article researched the value of theological and educational ideas of Kayum Nasyri for further changes of the educational system of Tatar people from the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century which was the period of glory of Tatar philosophical thoughts.  Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the theological and educational ideas of the Tatar enlightener Kayum nasyri is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Structure of extreme precipitation field in Western Siberia

The present paper introduces the results of analyzing the space-time structure of extreme characteristics of precipitation in Western Siberia. For each index, with the view of changes evaluation, differences between average values for periods 1951-1980 and 1981-2010 were calculated. The assessment of synchronicity in time and space with the use of factor and cluster analysis showed that changes in precipitation of Western Siberia are determined by global climate-forcing processes only by one-third. When taking into account the results of division into classes, the share of the explained variance increases to 40-60%. The performed classification confirmed an increase in synchronicity when decreasing the territory scale. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only

StarHorse: A Bayesian tool for determining stellar masses, ages, distances, and extinctions for field stars

Understanding the formation and evolution of our Galaxy requires accurate distances, ages and chemistry for large populations of field stars. Here we present several updates to our spectro-photometric distance code, that can now also be used to estimate ages, masses, and extinctions for individual stars. Given a set of measured spectro-photometric parameters, we calculate the posterior probability distribution over a given grid of stellar evolutionary models, using flexible Galactic stellar-population priors. The code (called {\tt StarHorse}) can acommodate different observational datasets, prior options, partially missing data, and the inclusion of parallax information into the estimated probabilities. We validate the code using a variety of simulated stars as well as real stars with parameters determined from asteroseismology, eclipsing binaries, and isochrone fits to star clusters. Our main goal in this validation process is to test the applicability of the code to field stars with known {\it Gaia}-like parallaxes. The typical internal precision (obtained from realistic simulations of an APOGEE+Gaia-like sample) are $\simeq 8\%$ in distance, $\simeq 20\%$ in age,$\simeq 6\$ in mass, and $\simeq 0.04$ mag in $A_V$. The median external precision (derived from comparisons with earlier work for real stars) varies with the sample used, but lies in the range of $\simeq [0,2]\%$ for distances, $\simeq [12,31]\%$ for ages, $\simeq [4,12]\%$ for masses, and $\simeq 0.07$ mag for $A_V$. We provide StarHorse distances and extinctions for the APOGEE DR14, RAVE DR5, GES DR3 and GALAH DR1 catalogues.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures, accepte

Educar los principios del poder judicial en Europa del Este

The study subject in this article is aims to educate the concepts of judiciary principles in Eastern eroup. We substantiated the conclusion on constitutional structuring of the formalization of judiciary principles in the sections devoted to the state foundations (constitutional system); human and civil rights and freedoms; judiciary; higher judicial authorities (usually the constitutional court). A comparative legal study of the norms of special sections on judiciary contained in the constitutions of Eastern European countries allowed the author forming a list of principles that organize and constitute the basis of activity of this kind of judiciary; identify the specific nature of their consolidation; present quantitative and qualitative features of the declared fundamental principles.El tema de estudio en este artículo tiene como objetivo educar los conceptos de los principios judiciales en el grupo oriental. Verificamos la conclusión sobre la estructuración constitucional de la formalización de los principios judiciales en las secciones dedicadas a las fundaciones estatales (sistema constitucional); derechos y libertades humanos y civiles; judicial; autoridades judiciales superiores (generalmente el tribunal constitucional). Un estudio jurídico comparativo de las normas de secciones especiales sobre el poder judicial contenidas en las constituciones de los países de Europa del Este permitió al autor formar una lista de principios que organizan y constituyen la base de la actividad de este tipo de poder judicial; identificar la naturaleza específica de su consolidación; Presentar características cuantitativas y cualitativas de los principios fundamentales declarados

Formas constitucionais típicas de interação entre as câmaras parlamentares estrangeiras

The article presents the author's analysis of the constitutional acts of European states with a bicameral parliament with a view to fixing some typical forms of interaction between the parliament chambers in them. The study has showed that the joint sessions (on taking the oath by the head of state, presidential elections, deciding to declare war, granting pardon); formation of permanent and temporary committees and commissions; formation of the higher bodies of state power or appointment of officials serve as typical forms of interaction between the parliament chambers. Within the legislative sphere, it is disclosed such typical forms of interaction between the parliament chambers as the bill approval in both chambers in an identical version and "tacit consent". It is concluded that the typical forms of interaction between the parliament chambers of European states reflect their sovereign but established approaches, elaborated by the doctrine and tested by practice.El artículo presenta el análisis del autor de los actos constitucionales de los estados europeos con un parlamento bicameral con el fin de fijar algunas formas típicas de interacción entre las cámaras del parlamento en ellos. El estudio ha demostrado que las sesiones conjuntas (sobre el juramento del jefe de estado, las elecciones presidenciales, la decisión de declarar la guerra, la concesión del indulto); formación de comités y comisiones permanentes y temporales; la formación de los cuerpos superiores del poder estatal o el nombramiento de funcionarios sirven como formas típicas de interacción entre las cámaras del parlamento. En el ámbito legislativo, se divulgan formas típicas de interacción entre las cámaras del parlamento como la aprobación de la ley en ambas cámaras en una versión idéntica y el "consentimiento tácito". Se concluye que las formas típicas de interacción entre las cámaras parlamentarias de los estados europeos reflejan sus enfoques soberanos pero establecidos, elaborados por la doctrina y probados por la práctica.O artigo apresenta a análise da autora dos atos constitucionais dos estados europeus com um parlamento bicameral com vistas a fixar algumas formas típicas de interação entre as câmaras parlamentares nelas. O estudo mostrou que as sessões conjuntas (em tomar o juramento pelo chefe de estado, eleições presidenciais, decidindo declarar guerra, concedendo perdão); formação de comissões permanentes e temporárias e comissões; a formação dos altos corpos do poder estatal ou a nomeação de funcionários servem como formas típicas de interação entre as câmaras parlamentares. Dentro da esfera legislativa, são divulgadas formas típicas de interação entre as câmaras parlamentares como a aprovação da lei em ambas as câmaras, numa versão idêntica e "consentimento tácito". Conclui-se que as formas típicas de interação entre as câmaras parlamentares dos estados europeus refletem suas abordagens soberanas, mas estabelecidas, elaboradas pela doutrina e testadas pela prática.&nbsp

Educating the Principles of Judiciary in Eastern Europe

The study subject in this article is aims to educate the concepts of judiciary principles in Eastern eroup. We substantiated the conclusion on constitutional structuring of the formalization of judiciary principles in the sections devoted to the state foundations (constitutional system); human and civil rights and freedoms; judiciary; higher judicial authorities (usually the constitutional court). A comparative legal study of the norms of special sections on judiciary contained in the constitutions of Eastern European countries allowed the author forming a list of principles that organize and constitute the basis of activity of this kind of judiciary; identify the specific nature of their consolidation; present quantitative and qualitative features of the declared fundamental principles