Transformations of the Socio-Economic Space of Regions: International Experience and Main Trends

Today, management decisions in the field of regional development require the development of new concepts and theories that can explain the nature of the current economic situation. Governments, the scientific community, and even activists are busy with the development of regions and the transformation of their space. If we consider the scientific approach, then we should pay attention to the neoclassical models of territorial development. They have been the basis of economic growth for more than 50 years. Such models assume that not only for states, but also for separate regions, external demand and global competitiveness act as the main driving force of development. The high volatility of the space makes difficulties for countries and regions, which have to take on greater responsibility due to the decrease in the effectiveness of universal solutions to socio-economic problems. The question remains open in which direction to pursue strategic initiatives: to look back at past successful approaches or to form an agenda based on global trends. Both options carry significant risks of social upheaval and a decline in the quality of life of the population, which is unacceptable. This means that the price of taking decisions will only grow. In these conditions, it is necessary to understand the full range of expert assessments proposed to address issues related to the transformation of the socio-economic space of the regions. The purpose of this study is to review the international and Russian experience of regional management of socio-economic space and identify key directions of development

nnovative Seasonal Migrations and Subsistence System of the Mobile Pastoralists of the Desert-Steppe Zone of Eurasia:role of social groups

The study of the economic system of the earliest nomads which inhabited the Eurasian desert-steppe belt in 5000-2000 is a relevant task of contemporary studies. The data on the organization of living space and the role of social groups of early prehistoric pastoralists in the exploitation of open steppe resources are scarce. The paper presents a new methodological approach to searching camps of the earliest pastoralists. The application of this approach enabled the archaeologists to discover numerous seasonal camps in the Sal-Manych Ridge located in the western part of the Eurasian steppes, including Eneolithic camps dated to 4200-3600 BC. The study of the occupation layers at the sites, evaluation of the productivity of pasture systems made it possible to categorize such sites as short-term seasonal camps occupied by pastoralists, evaluate the role of social groups in the organization of innovative seasonal migrations and reconstruct their subsistence system. The camps emerged as a result of developing pastoral economic strategy in the Lower Don region and the abutting areas reflecting the role of special social groups of pastoralists who managed to organize seasonal moves and address the issue of exploiting pastures located beyond the permanently occupied area

Клинические варианты Helicobacter pylori-ассоциированной язвенной болезни и морфофункциональные изменения слизистой оболочки желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки

The purpose of research was to compare cellular structure inflammatory in a gastric and a duodenal mucosa, its ratio with disregenerations at peptic ulcers of not complicated current and complicated with a bleeding, punching and its ratio with disregenerations at one peptic ulcers or plural peptic ulcers. At ulcer peptic complicated with a bleeding or punching observed more intensive character of an inflammation, a high level infiltration gastric mucosa and neutrophils, eosinophils. The density neutrophils and eosinophils infiltration correlated with disregenerations changes of gastric and a duodenal mucosa. The patients with 2 or more peptic ulcers have a high level infiltration gastric mucosa of neutrophils, plasmacytes and a high level infiltration duodenal mucosa of interepitelial neutrophils. The density neutrophils and interepitelial infiltration correlated with disregenerations changes of gastric and a duodenal mucosa.Выполнено сравнение клеточного состава воспалительного инфильтрата в слизистой оболочке желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки (ДПК), его соотношения с дисрегенераторными процессами при дуоденальных язвах неосложненного течения и осложненных кровотечением, перфорацией, пенетрацией, при одиночных и множественных язвах. При язвенной болезни ДПК, осложненной кровотечением, перфорацией, пенетрацией, наблюдали более интенсивный характер воспаления, большую плотность инфильтрации слизистой желудка и ДПК нейтрофилами, эозинофилами. Плотность инфильтрации нейтрофилами и эозинофилами коррелировала с дисрегенераторными изменениями слизистой оболочки желудка и ДПК. У пациентов с множественными язвами выявлена более высокая плотность нейтрофильной и плазмоцитарной инфильтрации, а в луковице ДПК - выраженная межэпителиальная инфильтрация нейтрофилами. Отмечена прямая связь плотности межэпителиальной инфильтрации с дисрегенераторными изменениями в слизистой оболочке

Conflict management training for future educators

Introduction. The relevance of the declared topic was dictated by the increased conflict between the members of education and the increasing demands placed on the professional activities of the modern teachers to resolve conflicts in the conditions of general education school. In the course of professional training of future teachers in universities, the formation of conflict competence is not paid due attention, so there is a need to determine the role, content and learning technologies for conflict management training of future teachers. The aim of the present publication is to evaluate the effectiveness of conflict management training technology for future teachers. Methodology and research methods. The authors carried out a pedagogical experiment using pre- and post-testing method of the level of formation of the components of conflict readiness of students of a pedagogical university – participants of experimental and control groups. The sample of the experiment was based on 120 of 2nd-4thyear students of the Faculty of History of the South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University of Chelyabinsk. The following methods were used to collect the empirical data: the Thomas test; an achievement test to assess conflict knowledge; practical tasks (cases); methodology “My Conflict Position” (by V. V. Schernyazova). Mathematical processing of the research results was performed through the Pearson’s chi-squared test. Results. The differences in the formation of cognitive, technological and personal components in students of the control and experimental group have been established. The dependence of the formation of components of conflict readiness of students for the introduction of a specially developed programme has been determined. After pedagogical impact, the number of students with high cognitive component levels rose from 0 to 39,3%. Most students (97,6%) learned algorithms to solve typical interpersonal conflicts and began to choose more constructive strategies to solve them. In the experimental group after the experiment, the personal component of conflict readiness was higher than in the control group. Scientific novelty. The system is proposed to provide effective conflict management training for future teachers, which consists of three components: immersion in the information field of conflict; intensification of conflict resolution activities; mastering of constructive practices of conflict management. Practical significance. The research results are of particular interest for the development of educational programmes in the system of professional education.Введение. Актуальность заявленной темы продиктована возросшей конфликтностью субъектов образования и ростом требований, предъявляемых к профессиональной педагогической деятельности по разрешению конфликтов в условиях общеобразовательной школы. В процессе вузовской подготовки будущих педагогов формированию конфликтологической компетентности не уделяется должного внимания, поэтому возникает необходимость определить место, содержание и технологии соответствующего обучения. Цель статьи – оценка эффективности авторской технологии конфликтологической подготовки будущих педагогов. Методология и методики исследования. В исследовании использовался педагогический эксперимент с пре- и посттестированием уровня сформированности компонентов конфликтологической готовности студентов педагогического вуза – участников экспериментальной и контрольной групп. Выборку составили 120 студентов 2–4-го курсов исторического факультета Южно-Уральского государственного гуманитарно-педагогического университета города Челябинска. Для сбора эмпирических данных применялись следующие методики: тест К. Томаса; тест достижений для оценки конфликтологических знаний; практические задачи (кейсы); методика «Моя конфликтная позиция» (В. В. Шерниязова). Математическая обработка результатов исследования проводилась с помощью χ2-критерия Пирсона. Результаты. Установлены различия в сформированнности когнитивного, технологического и личностного компонентов у представителей контрольной и экспериментальной групп. Определена зависимость формирования этих компонентов от внедрения специально разработанной технологии. После педагогического воздействия количество обучающихся с высоким уровнем развития когнитивного компонента выросло от 0 до 39,3%. Большинство студентов (97,6%) освоили алгоритмы решения типичных межличностных конфликтов и стали выбирать конструктивные стратегии их преодоления. По завершении исследования в экспериментальной группе были зафиксированы более высокие показатели сформированности личностного компонента конфликтологической готовности, чем в контрольной группе. Научная новизна. Предложена обеспечивающая эффективную конфликтологическую подготовку будущих педагогов технология, которая состоит из трех компонентов: погружение в информационное поле конфликта; активизация конфликторазрешающей деятельности; освоение конструктивных практик разрешения конфликтов. Практическая значимость. Результаты представляют интерес для разработки образовательных программ в системе профессионального образования.The current study was carried out with the financial support of Mordovia State Pedagogical Institute named after M. E. Evsevyev (grant № МК-20-04-14/10 of 14.04.2020 “Scientific and Methodological Support of Conflictology Training of Students in Pedagogical Universities”).Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Мордовского государственного педагогического университета им. М. Е. Евсевьева (грант от 14.04.2020 № МК-20-04-14/10 «Научно-методическое обеспечение конфликтологической подготовки студентов педагогических вузов»)

Comparison of Pheochromocytoma-Specific Morbidity and Mortality among Adults with Bilateral Pheochromocytomas Undergoing Total Adrenalectomy vs Cortical-Sparing Adrenalectomy

Importance: Large studies investigating long-term outcomes of patients with bilateral pheochromocytomas treated with either total or cortical-sparing adrenalectomies are needed to inform clinical management. Objective: To determine the association of total vs cortical-sparing adrenalectomy with pheochromocytoma-specific mortality, the burden of primary adrenal insufficiency after bilateral adrenalectomy, and the risk of pheochromocytoma recurrence. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used data from a multicenter consortium-based registry for 625 patients treated for bilateral pheochromocytomas between 1950 and 2018. Data were analyzed from September 1, 2018, to June 1, 2019. Exposures: Total or cortical-sparing adrenalectomy. Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary adrenal insufficiency, recurrent pheochromocytoma, and mortality. Results: Of 625 patients (300 [48%] female) with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 30 (22-40) years at diagnosis, 401 (64%) were diagnosed with synchronous bilateral pheochromocytomas and 224 (36%) were diagnosed with metachronous pheochromocytomas (median [IQR] interval to second adrenalectomy, 6 [1-13] years). In 505 of 526 tested patients (96%), germline mutations were detected in the genes RET (282 patients [54%]), VHL (184 patients [35%]), and other genes (39 patients [7%]). Of 849 adrenalectomies performed in 625 patients, 324 (52%) were planned as cortical sparing and were successful in 248 of 324 patients (76.5%). Primary adrenal insufficiency occurred in all patients treated with total adrenalectomy but only in 23.5% of patients treated with attempted cortical-sparing adrenalectomy. A third of patients with adrenal insufficiency developed complications, such as adrenal crisis or iatrogenic Cushing syndrome. Of 377 patients who became steroid dependent, 67 (18%) developed at least 1 adrenal crisis and 50 (13%) developed iatrogenic Cushing syndrome during median (IQR) follow-up of 8 (3-25) years. Two patients developed recurrent pheochromocytoma in the adrenal bed despite total adrenalectomy. In contrast, 33 patients (13%) treated with successful cortical-sparing adrenalectomy developed another pheochromocytoma within the remnant adrenal after a median (IQR) of 8 (4-13) years, all of which were successfully treated with another surgery. Cortical-sparing surgery was not associated with survival. Overall survival was associated with comorbidities unrelated to pheochromocytoma: of 63 patients who died, only 3 (5%) died of metastatic pheochromocytoma. Conclusions and Relevance: Patients undergoing cortical-sparing adrenalectomy did not demonstrate decreased survival, despite development of recurrent pheochromocytoma in 13%. Cortical-sparing adrenalectomy should be considered in all patients with hereditary pheochromocytoma

Влияние регулятора энергетического обмена на клиническое течение и биомаркеры воспаления при лечении обострений тяжелой хронической обструктивной болезни легких

We assessed in a prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled trial the effects of «yantar-antitox» in patients with exacerbations of COPD requiring hospital admission. We recruited patients with exacerbations of severe COPD who were randomly assigned oral «Yantar-antitox» (n=33) or identical placebo (n=45) for 14 days, in addition to standard treatment with nebulised bronchodilators, antibiotics, and oxygen. We did spirometry and recorded symptom scores in inpatients. The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) was also determined. Inflammatory markers were measured in induced sputum and serum. Significant increase in the percentage predicted lung vital capacity, maximal expiratory flow volume, 6MWD were found between the patient in the «Yantar-antitox» — treated group.В проспективном рандомизированном плацебоконтролируемом исследовании изучались эффекты препарата «Янтарь-антитокс» у пациентов с обострением хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ), потребовавшим госпитализации. Пациенты с обострением тяжелой ХОБЛ были разделены на две группы: принимавшие «Янтарь-антитокс» (33 человека) и принимавшие плацебо (45 человек) в течение 14 дней в дополнение к стандартным мероприятиям: небулайзерная терапия бронходилататорами, антибактериальная, оксигенотерапия. Регистрировали показатели спирометрии и выраженность симптомов в баллах, проводили тест с 6-минутной ходьбой. Маркеры воспаления измеряли в индуцированной мокроте и в крови. Значимое увеличение показателей жизненной емкости легких, форсированной жизненной емкости легких, дистанции, пройденной за 6 мин было обнаружено только у пациентов основной группы

The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: All collapsed and paired-end sequence data for samples sequenced in this study are available in compressed fastq format through the European Nucleotide Archive under accession number PRJEB44430, together with rescaled and trimmed bam sequence alignments against both the nuclear and mitochondrial horse reference genomes. Previously published ancient data used in this study are available under accession numbers PRJEB7537, PRJEB10098, PRJEB10854, PRJEB22390 and PRJEB31613, and detailed in Supplementary Table 1. The genomes of ten modern horses, publicly available, were also accessed as indicated in their corresponding original publications57,61,85-87.NOTE: see the published version available via the DOI in this record for the full list of authorsDomestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 BC. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia and Anatolia, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 BC, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 BC driving the spread of Indo-European languages. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium BC Sintashta culture