263 research outputs found
Escherichia coli : caractérisation moléculaire de souches de cystites récidivantes
International audienc
Staphylocoques et autres bactéries à gram positif: Détection de la pénicillinase de Staphylococcus aureus : quand cela paraßt flou.
International audienc
Ăvaluation des risques biologiques pour les personnels de soins : de lâĂ©valuation a priori Ă lâexpĂ©rimentation
But de lâĂ©tudeLâexposition des personnels de soins aux risques biologiques est inhĂ©rente Ă lâactivitĂ© professionnelle dans ce milieu, mais les mĂ©thodes dâĂ©valuation de ces risques sont encore limitĂ©es. Lâobjectif de ce travail est double : dâune part, Ă©laborer un guide dâĂ©valuation Ă partir des donnĂ©es de la littĂ©rature biomĂ©dicale et des donnĂ©es locales dâhospitalisation ou dâanalyses microbiologiques, pour les germes les plus couramment rencontrĂ©s en milieu de soins, dâautre part, valider lâutilisation dâun impacteur mono-Ă©tage dans lâĂ©valuation des expositions. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thode Ce travail sâest dĂ©roulĂ© selon deux grands axes : synthĂšse des informations existantes, identification et synthĂšse des documents scientifiques existants portant sur lâexposition des personnels de soins aux agents biologiques et sur les circonstances des expositions, puis rĂ©alisation et validation dâun guide des expositions a priori aux risques biologiques en milieu de soins. Utilisation dâun impacteur mono-Ă©tage pour Ă©valuer la prĂ©sence de staphylocoques rĂ©sistant Ă la mĂ©thicilline dans les chambres de patients infectĂ©s ou colonisĂ©s par ce germe. Les prĂ©lĂšvements ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s sur des milieux gĂ©losĂ©s sĂ©lectifs, et les souches retrouvĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©es aux souches portĂ©es par les patients. RĂ©sultats Les documents de synthĂšse sur les expositions des soignants aux risques biologiques, sur les contextes des expositions et sur les recommandations en termes de vaccinations basĂ©es sur les prescriptions rĂ©glementaires et les connaissances scientifiques ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©s et sont disponibles sur le site Internet http://wwww.chu-rouen.fr/mtph. Il concerne une vingtaine de germes reconnus comme les principaux risques biologiques en milieu de soins. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus avec lâimpacteur mono-Ă©tage confirment quâil peut ĂȘtre valablement utilisĂ© pour mesurer lâexposition aĂ©rienne aux germes cultivables
Biallelic variants in FLII cause pediatric cardiomyopathy by disrupting cardiomyocyte cell adhesion and myofibril organization
Pediatric cardiomyopathy (CM) represents a group of rare, severe disorders that affect the myocardium. To date, the etiology and mechanisms underlying pediatric CM are incompletely understood, hampering accurate diagnosis and individualized therapy development. Here, we identified biallelic variants in the highly conserved flightless-I (FLII) gene in 3 families with idiopathic, early-onset dilated CM. We demonstrated that patient-specific FLII variants, when brought into the zebrafish genome using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, resulted in the manifestation of key aspects of morphological and functional abnormalities of the heart, as observed in our patients. Importantly, using these genetic animal models, complemented with in-depth loss-of-function studies, we provided insights into the function of Flii during ventricular chamber morphogenesis in vivo, including myofibril organization and cardiomyocyte cell adhesion, as well as trabeculation. In addition, we identified Flii function to be important for the regulation of Notch and Hippo signaling, crucial pathways associated with cardiac morphogenesis and function. Taken together, our data provide experimental evidence for a role for FLII in the pathogenesis of pediatric CM and report biallelic variants as a genetic cause of pediatric CM.</p
PLoS One
The first objective of this study was to determine the GenoType NTM-DR assay performance for subspecies identification in Mycobacterium abscessus complex isolates. The second objective was to evaluate the GenoType NTM-DR assay ability to detect clarithromycin and amikacin resistance in M. abscessus complex isolates compared with drug susceptibility testing (DST) and PCR sequencing of the erm(41), rrl and rrs genes. The concordance between the GenoType NTM-DR and MLST results concerning subspecies identification was 100%. The wild type and mutated alleles of the rrl and rrs genes were detected by the GenoType NTM-DR assay and PCR sequencing with 100% (115/115) agreement. Similarly, 100% concordance between GenoType NTM-DR and DST was observed for clarithromycin and amikacin testing. Sensitivity for the detection of clarithromycin and amikacin resistance was 100%. The GenoType NTM-DR assay provides a robust and complementary tool to the gold standard methods (MLST and broth microdilution) for subspecies identification and drug resistance detection
Commissioning and operation of the readout system for the solid neutrino detector
The SoLid experiment aims to measure neutrino oscillation at a baseline of 6.4 m from the BR2 nuclear reactor in Belgium. Anti-neutrinos interact via inverse beta decay (IBD), resulting in a positron and neutron signal that are correlated in time and space. The detector operates in a surface building, with modest shielding, and relies on extremely efficient online rejection of backgrounds in order to identify these interactions. A novel detector design has been developed using 12800 5 cm cubes for high segmentation. Each cube is formed of a sandwich of two scintillators, PVT and 6LiF:ZnS(Ag), allowing the detection and identification of positrons and neutrons respectively. The active volume of the detector is an array of cubes measuring 80x80x250 cm (corresponding to a fiducial mass of 1.6 T), which is read out in layers using two dimensional arrays of wavelength shifting fibres and silicon photomultipliers, for a total of 3200 readout channels. Signals are recorded with 14 bit resolution, and at 40 MHz sampling frequency, for a total raw data rate of over 2 Tbit/s. In this paper, we describe a novel readout and trigger system built for the experiment, that satisfies requirements on: compactness, low power, high performance, and very low cost per channel. The system uses a combination of high price-performance FPGAs with a gigabit Ethernet based readout system, and its total power consumption is under 1 kW. The use of zero suppression techniques, combined with pulse shape discrimination trigger algorithms to detect neutrons, results in an online data reduction factor of around 10000. The neutron trigger is combined with a large per-channel history time buffer, allowing for unbiased positron detection. The system was commissioned in late 2017, with successful physics data taking established in early 2018
SoLid: A short baseline reactor neutrino experiment
The SoLid experiment, short for Search for Oscillations with a Lithium-6 detector, is a new generation neutrino experiment which tries to address the key challenges for high precision reactor neutrino measurements at very short distances from a reactor core and with little or no overburden. The primary goal of the SoLid experiment is to perform a precise measurement of the electron antineutrino energy spectrum and flux and to search for very short distance neutrino oscillations as a probe of eV-scale sterile neutrinos. This paper describes the SoLid detection principle, the mechanical design and the construction of the detector. It then reports on the installation and commissioning on site near the BR2 reactor, Belgium, and finally highlights its performance in terms of detector response and calibration
Search for magnetic monopoles with ten years of the ANTARES neutrino telescope
This work presents a new search for magnetic monopoles using data taken with the ANTARES neutrino telescope over a period of 10 years (January 2008 to December 2017). Compared to previous ANTARES searches, this analysis uses a run-by-run simulation strategy, with a larger exposure as well as a new simulation of magnetic monopoles taking into account the Kasama, Yang and Goldhaber model for their interaction cross-section with matter. No signal compatible with the passage of relativistic magnetic monopoles is observed, and upper limits on the flux of magnetic monopoles with ÎČ=v/câ„0.55, are presented. For ultra-relativistic magnetic monopoles the flux limit is âŒ7Ă10â18 cmâ2sâ1srâ1
Search for neutrino counterparts to the gravitational wave sources from O3 catalogues with the ANTARES detector
Since 2015 the LIGO and Virgo interferometers have detected gravitational
waves from almost one hundred coalescences of compact objects (black holes and
neutron stars). This article presents the results of a search performed with
data from the ANTARES telescope to identify neutrino counterparts to the
gravitational wave sources detected during the third LIGO/Virgo observing run
and reported in the catalogues GWTC-2, GWTC-2.1, and GWTC-3. This search is
sensitive to all-sky neutrinos of all flavours and of energies GeV,
thanks to the inclusion of both track-like events (mainly induced by
charged-current interactions) and shower-like events (induced by other
interaction types). Neutrinos are selected if they are detected within s from the GW merger and with a reconstructed direction compatible with
its sky localisation. No significant excess is found for any of the 80 analysed
GW events, and upper limits on the neutrino emission are derived. Using the
information from the GW catalogues and assuming isotropic emission, upper
limits on the total energy and on the fraction of the total
energy budget emitted as neutrinos of
all flavours are also computed. Finally, a stacked analysis of all the 72
binary black hole mergers (respectively the 7 neutron star - black hole merger
candidates) has been performed to constrain the typical neutrino emission
within this population, leading to the limits: erg and (respectively, erg and ) for spectrum and isotropic emission.
Other assumptions including softer spectra and non-isotropic scenarios have
also been tested.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Limits on the nuclearite flux using the ANTARES neutrino telescope
In this work, a search for nuclearites of strange quark matter by using nine
years of ANTARES data taken in the period 2009-2017 is presented. The passage
through matter of these particles is simulated %according to the model of de
R\'{u}jula and Glashow taking into account a detailed description of the
detector response to nuclearites and of the data acquisition conditions. A
down-going flux of cosmic nuclearites with Galactic velocities () was considered for this study. The mass threshold for detecting these
particles at the detector level is \mbox{ GeV/c}.
Upper limits on the nuclearite flux for masses up to GeV/c at
the level of cm s sr are
obtained. These are the first upper limits on nuclearites established with a
neutrino telescope and the most stringent ever set for Galactic velocities.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure
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