Reconciling the stratigraphy and depositional history of the Lycian orogen-top basins, SW Anatolia

Terrestrial fossil records from the SWAnatolian basins are crucial both for regional correlations and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. By reassessing biostratigraphic constraints and incorporating new fossil data, we calibrated and reconstructed the late Neogene andQuaternary palaeoenvironments within a regional palaeogeographical framework. The culmination of the Taurides inSWAnatolia was followed by a regional crustal extension from the late Tortonian onwards that created a broad array of NE-trending orogen-top basins with synchronic associations of alluvial fan, fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The terrestrial basins are superimposed on the upper Burdigalian marine units with a c. 7 myr of hiatus that corresponds to a shift from regional shortening to extension. The initial infill of these basins is documented by a transition from marginal alluvial fans and axial fluvial systems into central shallow-perennial lakes coinciding with a climatic shift from warm/humid to arid conditions. The basal alluvial fan deposits abound in fossil macro-mammals of an early Turolian (MN11–12; late Tortonian) age. The Pliocene epoch in the region was punctuated by subhumid/humid conditions resulting in a rise of local base levels and expansion of lakes as evidenced by marsh-swamp deposits containing diverse fossilmammal assemblages indicating late Ruscinian (lateMN15; late Zanclean) ageWe are grateful for the support of the international bilateral project between The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and The Russian Scientific Foundation (RFBR) with grant a number of 111Y192. M.C.A. is grateful to the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for a GEBIP (Young Scientist Award) grant. T.K. and S.M. are grateful to the Ege University Scientific Research Center for the TTM/002/2016 and TTM/001/2016 projects. M.C.A., H.A., S.M. and M.B. have obtained Martin and Temmick Fellowships at Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden). F.A.D. is supported by a Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Scientific Research Grant. T.A.N. is supported by an Alexander-von-Humboldt Scholarship. L.H.O. received support from TUBITAK under the 2221 program for visiting scientists

Dating of the Black Sea Basin: New nannoplankton ages from its inverted margin in the Central Pontides (Turkey)

International audienceThe Eocene uplift and inversion of a part of the Black Sea margin in the Central Pontides, allows to study the stratigraphic sequence of the Western Black Sea Basin. The revision of this sequence, with 164 nannoplankton ages, indicates that subsidence and rifting started in the Upper Barremian and accelerated during the Aptian. The rifting of the Western Black Sea Basin lasted about 40 Myr (from late Barremian to Coniacian). In the inner, inverted, Black Sea margin, the syn-rift sequence ends up with shallow marine sands. The uppermost Albian to Turonian was a period of erosion or non deposition. This regional mid-Cretaceous stratigraphical gap might result from rift flank uplift, as expected in the case of a thick and cold pre-rift lithosphere. However, coeval collision of the Kargi Block, along the North Tethyan subduction zone at the southern margin of the Pontides, might also have contributed to this uplift. A rapid thermal post-rift subsidence of the margin occurred during the Coniacian-Santonian. Collision of the Kirşehir continental block commenced in Early Eocene time (zone NP12) giving rise to compressional deformation and sedimentation in piggyback basins in the Central Pontides, whereas the eastern Black Sea was still opening

The effect of body condition scores on reproductive traits for Menemen and ıle de france x whitekaraman crossbred ewes

Bu çalışma, yarı-entansif sistemde yetiştirilen Menemen ve İle de France x Akkaraman melezi koyunlarda vücut kondisyon puanlamasının döl verimi, gelişme ve ana canlı ağırlığı gibi özellikler üzerine olan etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, 132 baş Menemen (%75 İle France ve %25 Tahirova) ile %50 İle de France x %50 Akkaraman melezi koyunlar araştırma materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. Menemen ve İle de France x Akkaraman melezi koyunlarda kısırlık oranı, doğuran koyunda başına doğan kuzu sayısı(DKDK) ve koçaltı koyun başına doğan kuzu sayısı (KKDK) değerleri sırasıyla; %2.4 ve %2.3; 1.32 ve 1.20; 0.83 ve 0.99 olarak saptanmıştır. Menemen ve İle de France x Akkaraman melezi kuzularda ortalama doğum ve sütten kesim ağırlığı ile günlük ortalama canlı ağırlık artışı sırasıyla;3.98 ve 4.15 kg; 26.36 ve 30.16 kg; 253.8 ve 289.1 g dır. Kuzularda doğum ağırlığı üzerinde genotip, eşey ve ana yaşı etkisi önemsiz, doğum tipinin etkisi önemlidir (P<0.01). Sütten kesim ağırlığı üzerinde genotip, eşey ve doğum tipinin etkisi önemli (P<0.01) ana yaşının etkisi önemsiz bulunmuştur. Menemen ve İle de France x Akkaraman melezi koyunlarında vücut kondisyon puanı ortalamaları sırasıyla; 2.79 ve 2.75 dir. Özetlemek gerekirse, karlı bir koyunculuk için bölgedeki mera durumu ve kalitesi dikkate alınarak işletmede iyi bir çiftleşme programı yapılmalıdır. Bir başka deyişle pazara uygun sayı ve kalitede hayvan sunabilme adına hayvanların fizyolojik dönemlere uygun vücut kondisyon puanı(VKP)' na sahip olmaları gerekir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Koyun, vücut kondisyon puanı, döl verimi, gelişme özelliklerThis study was carried out to determine the effects on fertility, growth traits and dam body weights of body condition scores for Menemen and lie de France x White Karaman crossbred ewes in semi-intensive system. Hundred and thirty five sheep (75% İlde de France and 25% Tahirova genotype + 50% İlde de France x 50% White Karaman genotypes) were used experimental material in this study. Infertility, fertility, fecundity for Menemen and lie de France x Akkaraman crossbred sheep were 2.4% and 2.3%; 1.32 and 1.20; 0.83 and 0.99, respectively. Birth weight, weaning weight and average daily gain for Menemen and He de France x Akkaraman lambs were 3.98 and 4.15 kg; 26.36 and 30.16 kg; 253 and 289 g. There was no significant on birth weight effect of genotype, sex and age of dame except birth type (P&lt;0.01). There was significant on weaning weight effect of genotype, sex and birth type (PcO.Ol), except age of dam. Body condition scores for Menemen and lie de France x Akkaraman crossbred ewes were 2.79 and 2.75, respectively. To summarize, for a profitable sheep production, pasture in the region taking into consideration the status and quality of the operation should be a good breeding program. In other words, they should have to appropriate physiological periods BCS the number and quality of appropriate animals to present to the market on behalf of the animals

Late Cretaceous extension and Palaeogene rotation-related contraction in Central Anatolia recorded in the Ayhan-Büyükkışla basin

The configuration and evolution of subduction zones in the Eastern Mediterranean region in Cretaceous time accommodating Africa–Europe convergence remain poorly quantitatively reconstructed, owing to a lack of kinematic constraints. A recent palaeomagnetic study suggested that the triangular Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC) consists of three blocks that once formed an ~N–S elongated continental body, underthrusted below ophiolites in Late Cretaceous time. After extensional exhumation and upon Palaeogene collision of the CACC with the Pontides of the southern Eurasian margin, the CACC broke into three fragments that rotated and converged relative to each other. Here, we date the extension and contraction history of the boundary between two of the rotating massifs of the CACC by studying the Upper Cretaceous–Palaeogene Ayhan–Büyükkışla basin. We report an 40Ar/39Ar age of an andesite at the base of the sequence to show that the deposition started in an E–W extensional basin around 72.11 ± 1.46. The basin developed contemporaneously with regional exhumation of the CACC metamorphics. The lower basin sedimentary rocks were unconformably covered by mid-Eocene limestones and redbeds, followed by intense folding and thrust faulting. Two balanced cross-sections in the study area yield a minimum of 17–27 km of post-mid-Eocene ~N–S shortening. We thus demonstrate the Cenozoic compressional nature of the Kırşehir–Niğde-Hırkadağ block boundary and show that the extensional exhumation of the CACC predates collision-related contraction. A plate kinematic scenario is required to explain these observations that involves two Late Cretaceous–Palaeogene subduction zones to the north and south of the CACC, for which we show a possible plate boundary configuration

Mechanics of plio-quaternary faulting around the Karliova triple junction: implications for the deformation of Eastern part of the Anatolian Scholle

The intersection of the Eurasian and Arabian plates and the smaller Anatolian Scholle created the Karlıova Triple Junction (KTJ) in eastern Turkey. In this study, we present analogue model experiments for this region and compare the results with our field observations and data from remote sensing imagery. Our comparison suggests that the sense of slip along curvilinear faults at the west of the KTJ changes along strike moving away from the principal displacement zones, from strike-slip to oblique normal and then to pure normal slip. Although, the active Prandtl cell model has been proposed to explain the overall regional fault pattern at eastern part of the Anatolian Scholle, the map view orientation of the secondary faults within the Karlıova wedge and performed analogue modelling results suggest that the passive wedgeshaped Prandtl cell model with a normal dip-slip component along slip lines is more appropriate in order to explain not only deformation pattern around the KTJ but also internal deformation of eastern part of the Anatolia. Moreover, these faults accumulate the significant amount of deformation that causes to the irregular earthquake behavior and the relatively lower geologic slip-rates along the main fault branch of boundary faults around the KTJ

Kinematic analysis and palaeoseismology of the Edremit Fault Zone: evidence for past earthquakes in the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey

The Edremit Fault Zone (EFZ) forms one of the southern segments of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) at the northern margin of the Edremit Gulf (Biga Peninsula, South Marmara Region, Turkey). Stratigraphic, structural and kinematic results indicate that basinward younging of the fault zone, in terms of a rolling-hinge mechanism, has resulted in at least three discrete Miocene to Holocene deformational phases: the oldest one (Phase 1) directly related to the inactive Kazda Detachment Fault, which was formed under N-S trending pure extension; Phase 2 is characterised by a strike-slip stress condition, probably related to the progression of the NAFZ towards the Edremit area in the Plio-Quaternary; and Phase 3 is represented by the high-angle normal faulting, which is directly interrelated with the last movement of the EFZ. Our palaeoseismic studies on the EFZ revealed the occurrence of three past surface rupture events; the first one occurred before 13178 BC, a penultimate event that may correspond to either the 160 AD or 253 AD historical earthquakes, and the youngest one can be associated with the 6 October 1944 earthquake (M-w=6.8). These palaeoseismic data indicate that there is no systematic earthquake recurrence period on the EFZ