Kinetic, Isotherm and Thermodynamic Analysis on Adsorption of Cr(VI) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic-Poly(divinylbenzene-vinylimidazole) Microbeads

The magnetic-poly(divinylbenzene-1-vinylimidazole) [m-poly(DVB-VIM)] microbeads (average diameter 53–212 μm) were synthesized and characterized; their use as adsorbent in removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions was investigated. The m-poly(DVB-VIM) microbeads were prepared by copolymerizing of divinylbenzene (DVB) with 1-vinylimidazole (VIM). The m-poly(DVB-VIM) microbeads were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, ESR, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and swelling studies. At fixed solid/solution ratio the various factors affecting adsorption of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions such as pH, initial concentration, contact time and temperature were analyzed. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkvich isotherms were used as the model adsorption equilibrium data. Langmuir isotherm model was the most adequate. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Ritch-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were used to describe the adsorption kinetics. The apparent activation energy was found to be 5.024 kJ mol−1, which is characteristic of a chemically controlled reaction. The experimental data fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic. The study of temperature effect was quantified by calculating various thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy changes. The thermodynamic parameters obtained indicated the endothermic nature of adsorption of Cr(VI) ions. Morever, after the use in adsorption, the m-poly(DVB-VIM) microbeads with paramagnetic property were separeted via the applied magnetic force. The magnetic beads could be desorbed up to about 97% by treating with 1.0 M NaOH. These features make the m-poly(DVB-VIM) microbeads a potential candidate for support of Cr(VI) ions removal under magnetic field

Overview of biologically digested leachate treatment using adsorption

Biological process is effective in treating most biodegradable organic matter present in leachate; however, a significant amount of ammonia, metals and refractory organic compounds may still remain in this biologically digested leachate. This effluent cannot be released to receiving bodies until the discharge limit is met. Several physical/chemical processes have been practiced as post-treatment to remove the remaining pollutants including coagulation–flocculation, oxidation and adsorption. Adsorption is often applied in leachate treatment as it enhances removal of refractory organic compounds. This chapter will focus on works related to adsorption as one of the commonly used methods to treat biologically digested leachate further down to acceptable discharge limit

Overview of biologically digested leachate treatment using adsorption

Biological process is effective in treating most biodegradable organic matter present in leachate; however, a significant amount of ammonia, metals and refractory organic compounds may still remain in this biologically digested leachate. This effluent cannot be released to receiving bodies until the discharge limit is met. Several physical/chemical processes have been practiced as post-treatment to remove the remaining pollutants including coagulation–flocculation, oxidation and adsorption. Adsorption is often applied in leachate treatment as it enhances removal of refractory organic compounds. This chapter will focus on works related to adsorption as one of the commonly used methods to treat biologically digested leachate further down to acceptable discharge limit

Panel 7: otitis media:treatment and complications

Objective: We aimed to summarize key articles published between 2011 and 2015 on the treatment of (recurrent) acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, tympanostomy tube otorrhea, chronic suppurative otitis media and complications of otitis media, and their implications for clinical practice. Data Sources: PubMed, Ovid Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Clinical Evidence (BMJ Publishing). Review Methods: All types of articles related to otitis media treatment and complications between June 2011 and March 2015 were identified. A total of 1122 potential related articles were reviewed by the panel members; 118 relevant articles were ultimately included in this summary. Conclusions: Recent literature and guidelines emphasize accurate diagnosis of acute otitis media and optimal management of ear pain. Watchful waiting is optional in mild to moderate acute otitis media; antibiotics do shorten symptoms and duration of middle ear effusion. The additive benefit of adenoidectomy to tympanostomy tubes in recurrent acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion is controversial and age dependent. Topical antibiotic is the treatment of choice in acute tube otorrhea. Symptomatic hearing loss due to persistent otitis media with effusion is best treated with tympanostomy tubes. Novel molecular and biomaterial treatments as adjuvants to surgical closure of eardrum perforations seem promising. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of complementary and alternative treatments. Implications for Practice: Emphasis on accurate diagnosis of otitis media, in its various forms, is important to reduce overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and antibiotic resistance. Children at risk for otitis media and its complications deserve special attention

Continuous cultivation of bakers' yeast: Change in cell composition at different dilution rates and effect of heat stress on trehalose level

The cell composition of bakers' yeast in a continuous culture was determined for different dilution rates. Also, the cellular response to heat stress in terms of trehalose, RNA, glycogen and protein was determined at a specified dilution rate of 0.1/h. The amount of storage saccharides, trehalose and glycogen, was found to decrease whereas the amount of RNA and protein increased with increasing dilution rates. As the dilution rate was increased from 0.1 to 0.4/h at 0.05 intervals the steady-state trehalose content decreased from 33 to 8.6 mg/g biomass, and glycogen content from 150 to 93 mg/g biomass. On the other hand, the protein content increased from 420 to 530 mg/g biomass and the RNA content from 93 to 113 mg/g biomass. Heat stress was applied by increasing the medium temperature from 30 to 36, 38 or 40 degrees C at constant dilution rates. The highest amount of trehalose accumulation, 108 mg/g biomass, was achieved when heat stress at 38 degrees C was applied. The protein content, on the other hand, decreased from 350 to 325 mg/g biomass at the end of the experiment

Fed-batch cultivation of bakers' yeast: Effect of nutrient depletion and heat stress on cell composition

The physiology of a commercial strain of bakers' yeast was studied in terms of the cell composition under different growth conditions and of its response to stress. The study comprised fed-batch experiments since this is the system used in bakers' yeast industry. The classical fed-batch fermentation procedure was modified in that the yeast cells were continuously grown to a steady-state at a dilution rate of 0.1/h in order to achieve more or less the same initial starting point in terms of cell composition. This steady-state culture was then switched to fed-batch concomitantly with exposure to stress. The highest amount of trehalose accumulation was achieved when nutrient depletion and heat stress were applied concomitantly. The highest amount of trehalose, 12 %, was attained in cells stressed by both nitrogen depletion and heat stress. The protein content remained constant, although with some oscillations, at a value of 30 % throughout this dual stress experiment

Demographics, treatment and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in a developing country: the population-based TuRkish Atrial Fibrillation (TRAF) cohort.

Aims: Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly common in developed countries, there is limited information regarding its demographics, co-morbidities, treatments and outcomes in the developing countries. We present the profile of the TuRkish Atrial Fibrillation (TRAF) cohort which provides real-life data about prevalence, incidence, co-morbidities, treatment, healthcare utilization and outcomes associated with AF. Methods and results: The TRAF cohort was extracted from MEDULA, a health insurance database linking hospitals, general practitioners, pharmacies and outpatient clinics for almost 100% of the inhabitants of the country. The cohort includes 507 136 individuals with AF between 2008 and 2012 aged >18 years who survived the first 30 days following diagnosis. Of 507 136 subjects, there were 423 109 (83.4%) with non-valvular AF and 84 027 (16.6%) with valvular AF. The prevalence was 0.80% in non-valvular AF and 0.28% in valvular AF; in 2012 the incidence of non-valvular AF (0.17%) was higher than valvular AF (0.04%). All-cause mortality was 19.19% (97 368) and 11.47% (58 161) at 1-year after diagnosis of AF. There were 35 707 (7.04%) ischaemic stroke/TIA/thromboembolism at baseline and 34 871 (6.87%) during follow-up; 11 472 (2.26%) major haemorrhages at baseline and 10 183 (2.01%) during follow-up, and 44 116 (8.69%) hospitalizations during the follow-up. Conclusion: The TRAF cohort is the first population-based, whole-country cohort of AF epidemiology, quality of care and outcomes. It provides a unique opportunity to study the patterns, causes and impact of treatments on the incidence and outcomes of AF in a developing country

Anesthetic management for implantation of total artificial heart device: Case series [Total yapay kalp cihazi implantasyonunda anestezik yaklaşim: Olgu serisi]

The treatment of end-stage heart failure is heart transplant; however the majority of patients die due to deficiency of organ donation. Total artificial heart implantation made for the purpose of extending the life span and bridging to transplantation in patients with end-stage heart failure is a good option. We present our initial experiences in the anesthetic management of total artificial heart implantation cases performed in our institution. Five out of seven patients (46.8±8.4 years) were taken to surgery with inotropic support. Four patients were diagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy. Three patients were subject to cardiac arrest during the preoperative period and mechanical ventilation was applied for one of these patients. Intraoperative ketamine, midazolam, fentanyl, rocuronium were used in doses of 192±89 mg, 8±3.5 mg, 335±157 µg and 192±43 mg, respectively. Fresh donor blood, fresh frozen plasma, thrombocyte and erythrocyte suspension requirements were 2.1±1.6 unit, 2± 1.8 unit, 0.43±0.5 unit and 0.6± 0.9 unit, respectively. At least one complication developed in all of the patients; four patients who had sepsis and renal failure died and; 3 patients who were not subject to this complication were discharged from the hospital. Total artificial heart implantation made for the purpose of bridging to transplantation for end-stage heart failure patients is a valuable option and its anaesthetic management is challenging. It is important that anesthesiologists have knowledge about the implanted device and the surgical procedure. © 2016 Nobelmedicus. All rights reserved

Infarct Atypical Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Cardiac Transplant Patients Predicts 3-Year Survival

35th Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions of the International-Society-for-Heart-and-Lung-Transplantation -- APR 15-18, 2015 -- Nice, FRANCEWOS: 000353251500848Int Soc Heart & Lung Transplanta