Clinical predictors of hepatic complications in Anorexia Nervosa

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Is food addiction a predictor of treatment outcome among patients with eating disorder?

ObjectivesThe study aimed to examine whether food addiction (FA) was associated with greater severity in both binge eating disorders (BED) and bulimia nervosa and, therefore, to determine if FA was predictive of treatment outcome.MethodSeventy-one adult patients with bulimia nervosa and BED (42 and 29, respectively) participated in the study. FA was assessed by means of the Yale Food Addiction Scale.ResultsThe results confirmed a high prevalence of FA in patients with binge disorders (around 87%) and also its association with a greater severity of the disorder (i.e., related to an increased eating psychopathology and greater frequency of binge eating episodes). Although FA did not appear as a predictor of treatment outcome in general terms, when the diagnostic subtypes were considered separately, FA was associated with poor prognosis in the BED group. In this vein, FA appeared as a mediator in the relationship between ED severity and treatment outcome.DiscussionsOur findings suggest that FA may act as an indicator of ED severity, and it would be a predictor of treatment outcome in BED but not in BN.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152018/1/erv2705.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152018/2/erv2705_am.pd

Dielectric response of vulcanized natural rubber containing BaTiO3 filler: the role of particle functionalization

Natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites have been prepared with hydroxylated barium titanate filler (BaTiO3-OH), employing emulsion polymerization followed by vulcanization process. The addition of barium titanate, a compound with high dielectric permittivity, was envisaged to increase the insulating properties of NR films, thereby reducing the electrical stress and the possibility of undesired arcing on their surfaces. The content of perovskite particles greatly affected both, the mechanical and the electrical properties, of the vulcanized films. It was observed that the optimum functionalized nanoparticle concentration is around 0.25–0.50 phr, range in which the elongation of break was maintained between 874–935% and the tensile strength was between 4.40–4.80 MPa; whereas the dielectric permittivity (¿') is slightly lower than the pristine NR or the NR compounded with high content of BaTiO3 nanoparticles. The dielectric study revealed the presence of two dielectric relaxation modes: (i) glass to rubber transition (a-relaxation) and (ii) interfacial polarization (IP), known as Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization. The comparison between small concentrations of non-functionalized and functionalized BaTiO3 inside NR polymeric films lead to the conclusion that the dielectric breakdown strength is high for non-functionalized fillers, supposedly due to less IP polarization phenomena.Postprint (author's final draft

Dielectric response of vulcanized natural rubber containing BaTiO3 filler: the role of particle functionalization

Natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites have been prepared with hydroxylated barium titanate filler (BaTiO3-OH), employing emulsion polymerization followed by vulcanization process. The addition of barium titanate, a compound with high dielectric permittivity, was envisaged to increase the insulating properties of NR films, thereby reducing the electrical stress and the possibility of undesired arcing on their surfaces. The content of perovskite particles greatly affected both, the mechanical and the electrical properties, of the vulcanized films. It was observed that the optimum functionalized nanoparticle concentration is around 0.25–0.50 phr, range in which the elongation of break was maintained between 874–935% and the tensile strength was between 4.40–4.80 MPa; whereas the dielectric permittivity (¿') is slightly lower than the pristine NR or the NR compounded with high content of BaTiO3 nanoparticles. The dielectric study revealed the presence of two dielectric relaxation modes: (i) glass to rubber transition (a-relaxation) and (ii) interfacial polarization (IP), known as Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization. The comparison between small concentrations of non-functionalized and functionalized BaTiO3 inside NR polymeric films lead to the conclusion that the dielectric breakdown strength is high for non-functionalized fillers, supposedly due to less IP polarization phenomena

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and amygdala function during cognitive reappraisal predicts weight restoration and emotion regulation impairment in anorexia nervosa

BackgroundAlthough deficits in affective processing are a core component of anorexia nervosa (AN), we lack a detailed characterization of the neurobiological underpinnings of emotion regulation impairment in AN. Moreover, it remains unclear whether these neural correlates scale with clinical outcomes.MethodsWe investigated the neural correlates of negative emotion regulation in a sample of young women receiving day-hospital treatment for AN (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 21). We aimed to determine whether aberrant brain activation patterns during emotion regulation predicted weight gain following treatment in AN patients and were linked to AN severity. To achieve this, participants completed a cognitive reappraisal paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Skin conductance response, as well as subjective distress ratings, were recorded to corroborate task engagement.ResultsCompared to controls, patients with AN showed reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during cognitive reappraisal [pFWE<0.05, threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE) corrected]. Importantly, psycho-physiological interaction analysis revealed reduced functional connectivity between the dlPFC and the amygdala in AN patients during emotion regulation (pFWE<0.05, TFCE corrected), and dlPFC-amygdala uncoupling was associated with emotion regulation deficits (r = -0.511, p = 0.018) and eating disorder severity (r = -0.565, p =.008) in the AN group. Finally, dlPFC activity positively correlated with increases in body mass index (r = 0.471, p = 0.042) and in body fat mass percentage (r = 0.605, p = 0.008) following 12 weeks of treatment.ConclusionsTaken together, our findings indicate that individuals with AN present altered fronto-amygdalar response during cognitive reappraisal and that this response may serve as a predictor of response to treatment and be linked to clinical severity. © 2020 The Author(s),. Published by Cambridge University Press

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