Ai margini di Aristofane: una lettura umanistico-rinascimentale di Pluto e Nuvole

La storia della riscoperta di Aristofane nell’Umanesimo è affidata anche ai margini dei manoscritti dell’epoca, che ci conservano tracce di letture umanistico-rinascimentali delle commedie. Questi marginalia sono ancora sostanzialmente inediti e inesplorati: infatti, non è mai stata compiuta un’opera sistematica di studio degli esemplari manoscritti umanistici di Aristofane ai fini della pubblicazione di tali chiose. Nel presente saggio, intendo dare notizia al lettore di un fortunato rinvenimento: si tratta del codice Vat. Ottob. gr. 210 (sec. XVmed), in cui il testo greco della diade Pluto (ff. 168r-218v) e Nuvole (ff. 219v-274v) risulta corredato da un ricco patrimonio di postille marginali, di varia tipologia, fino ad oggi non segnalate. Il testimone manoscritto riveste una certa importanza nella storia della riscoperta di Aristofane in Occidente e nella tradizione umanistica degli studi aristofanei.Humanist exegesis to Aristophanes’ plays has not yet been illuminated in the Aristophanic studies. Fragments of humanistic readings of the Aristophanic corpus still lie unedited and unexplored in some of the recent manuscripts of Greek Comedy. In this essay, I shall examine a number of marginal and interlinear glosses, almost unknown until now, left in a fifteenth-century manuscript - Vat. Ottob. gr. 210 - by a humanist Latin reader of Aristophanes’ Plutus and Nubes. This hitherto neglected codex is especially interesting because of its significance for the reception and interpretation of Ancient Comedy during the Renaissance age

Frammenti di letture umanistiche ed esegesi dimenticate di Aristofane

Humanist exegesis of Aristophanes’ plays has not yet been illuminated in the Aristophanic studies. Fragments of humanistic readings of the Aristophanic corpus still lie unedited and unexplored in some of the recent manuscripts of Greek Comedy. In this essay, I shall examine a number of marginal and interlinear glosses, almost unknown until now, left in a fifteenth-century manuscript – Prag. VIII H 36 – by a humanist Latin reader of Aristophanes’ Plutus. This hitherto neglected codex is especially interesting because of its significance for the reception and interpretation of Ancient Comedy during the Renaissance age. The present study will describe and document the dissemination and impact of the Aristophanic comedies upon the Latin-reading public of Renaissance Italy. The analysis of glosses preserved by humanistic witnesses will shed light on the history of the revival of Aristophanes and the story of how the writings of the ancient playwright were received and interpreted, some 1800 years after they were written, in an alien language and culture.Humanist exegesis of Aristophanes’ plays has not yet been illuminated in the Aristophanic studies. Fragments of humanistic readings of the Aristophanic corpus still lie unedited and unexplored in some of the recent manuscripts of Greek Comedy. In this essay, I shall examine a number of marginal and interlinear glosses, almost unknown until now, left in a fifteenth-century manuscript – Prag. VIII H 36 – by a humanist Latin reader of Aristophanes’ Plutus. This hitherto neglected codex is especially interesting because of its significance for the reception and interpretation of Ancient Comedy during the Renaissance age. The present study will describe and document the dissemination and impact of the Aristophanic comedies upon the Latin-reading public of Renaissance Italy. The analysis of glosses preserved by humanistic witnesses will shed light on the history of the revival of Aristophanes and the story of how the writings of the ancient playwright were received and interpreted, some 1800 years after they were written, in an alien language and culture

Intuition and visualization in mathematics with particular reference to Felix Klein

Questo lavoro trae spunto da un rinnovato interesse per l’«intuizione» e il «pensiero visivo» in matematica, e intende offrire un contributo alla discussione contemporanea su tali questioni attraverso lo studio del caso storico di Felix Klein. Dopo una breve ricognizione di alcuni dei saggi più significativi al riguardo, provenienti sia dalla filosofia della matematica, sia dalla pedagogia, dalle neuroscienze e dalle scienze cognitive, l’attenzione si concentra sulla concezione epistemologia di Klein, con particolare riferimento al suo uso del concetto di ‘intuizione’. Dai suoi lavori e dalla sua riflessione critica si ricavano non solo considerazioni illuminanti sulla fecondità di un approccio «visivo», ma argomenti convincenti a sostegno del ruolo cruciale dell’intuizione in matematica.Arising from the renewed interest in ‘intuition’ and ‘visual thinking’ in mathematics, this work intends to take part to the contemporary debate on these topics by investigating the ‘historical case’ of Felix Klein. After a brief survey of studies both from philosophy of mathematics and from neuroscience, pedagogy, and cognitive sciences, that have contributed to such revival, the attention is focused on Klein’s epistemological views, with particular reference to his use of the concept of intuition. The analysis aims at clarifying how his reflections provide not only ingenious observations on the effectiveness of a ‘visual’ approach, but also convincing arguments to support the crucial role of intuition in mathematics

Effect of electric current stimulation in combination with external fixator on bone healing in a sheep fracture model

Biophysical stimulations with electric and electromagnetic fields have been demonstrated to accelerate the bone-healing rate. This study has been designed to investigate the effects of electricity directly connected with the central pins of an external fixator in an experimental osteotomy model in sheep. Thirty mg/kg of tetracycline chloride were administered on the 30th and on the 45th day after surgery for histomorphometric studies. Plain radiographs were obtained in standard projections every 15 days after surgery and were analyzed with a software program (Corel Photo-Paint Pro X2, Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Canada). The specimens obtained after 60 days were examined with histological analysis. The results show that biophysical treatment with alternating electricity in combination with external fixator enhances new-bone formation. The translational value of this study, due to the similarities between ovine and human species, suggests that this treatment could be useful in speeding the bone-healing rate both in animals and humans

Biphasic calcium phosphate biomaterials: Stem Cell-derived Osteoinduction or In-vivo Osteoconduction? Novel insights in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation by advanced Imaging

none11noMaxillary sinus augmentation is often necessary prior to implantology procedure, in particular in cases of atrophic posterior maxilla. In this context, bone substitute biomaterials made of biphasic calcium phosphates, produced by three-dimensional additive manufacturing were shown to be highly biocompatible with an efficient osteoconductivity, especially when combined with cell-based tissue engineering. Thus, in the present research, osteoinduction and osteoconduction properties of biphasic calcium-phosphate constructs made by direct rapid prototyping and engineered with ovine-derived amniotic epithelial cells or amniotic fluid cells were evaluated. More in details, this preclinical study was performed using adult sheep targeted to receive scaffold alone (CTR), oAFSMC, or oAEC engineered constructs. The grafted sinuses were explanted at 90 days and a cross-linked experimental approach based on Synchrotron Radiation microCT and histology analysis was performed on the complete set of samples. The study, performed taking into account the distance from native surrounding bone, demonstrated that no significant differences occurred in bone regeneration between oAEC-, oAFMSC-cultured, and Ctr samples and that there was a predominant action of the osteoconduction versus the stem cells osteo-induction. Indeed, it was proven that the newly formed bone amount and distribution decreased from the side of contact scaffold/native bone toward the bulk of the scaffold itself, with almost constant values of morphometric descriptors in volumes more than 1 mm from the border.openGiovanna Iezzi, Antonio Scarano, Luca Valbonetti, Serena Mazzoni, Michele Furlani, Carlo Mangano, Aurelio Muttini, Mario Raspanti, Barbara Barboni, Adriano Piattelli, Alessandra GiulianiIezzi, Giovanna; Scarano, Antonio; Valbonetti, Luca; Mazzoni, Serena; Furlani, Michele; Mangano, Carlo; Muttini, Aurelio; Raspanti, Mario; Barboni, Barbara; Piattelli, Adriano; Giuliani, Alessandr

M1 and M2 macrophage recruitment during tendon regeneration induced by amniotic epithelial cell allotransplantation in ovine

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Biosynthesis and physico-chemical characterization of high performing peptide hydrogels@graphene oxide composites

: Hydrogels based on short peptide molecules are interesting biomaterials with wide present and prospective use in biotechnologies. A well-known possible drawback of these materials can be their limited mechanical performance. In order to overcome this problem, we prepared Fmoc-Phe3self-assembling peptides by a biocatalytic approach, and we reinforced the hydrogel with graphene oxide nanosheets. The formulation here proposed confers to the hydrogel additional physicochemical properties without hampering peptide self-assembly. We investigated in depth the effect of nanocarbon morphology on hydrogel properties (i.e. morphology, viscoelastic properties, stiffness, resistance to an applied stress). In view of further developments towards possible clinical applications, we have preliminarily tested the biocompatibility of the composites. Our results showed that the innovative hydrogel composite formulation based on FmocPhe3 and GO is a biomaterial with improved mechanical properties that appears suitable for the development of biotechnological applications

Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in nasal brushings and olfactory mucosa biopsies of COVID-19 patients

The aim of the present study is to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 of patients affected by COVID-19 in olfactory mucosa (OM), sampled with nasal brushing (NB) and biopsy, and to assess whether a non-invasive procedure, such as NB, might be used as a large-scale procedure for demonstrating SARS-CoV-2 presence in olfactory neuroepithelium. Nasal brushings obtained from all the COVID-19 patients resulted positive to SARS-CoV-2 immunocytochemistry while controls were negative. Double immunofluorescence showed that SARS-CoV-2 positive cells included supporting cells as well as olfactory neurons and basal cells. OM biopsies showed an uneven distribution of SARS-CoV-2 positivity along the olfactory neuroepithelium, while OM from controls were negative. SARS-CoV-2 was distinctively found in sustentacular cells, olfactory neurons, and basal cells, supporting what was observed in NB. Ultrastructural analysis of OM biopsies showed SARS-CoV-2 viral particles in the cytoplasm of sustentacular cells. This study shows the presence of SARS-CoV-2 at the level of the olfactory neuroepithelium in patients affected by COVID-19. For the first time, we used NB as a rapid non-invasive tool for assessing a potential neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2 infection