Behavioral disturbances induced in rats via the intranigral injection of leptin

Introduction: Leptin action on brain structures might be helpful for better understanding of mechanism of this hormone neurotropic effects realization. Experiments have been carried out on Wistar rats (250-320 g) with the help of the EEG-, actometry recording and "open field" indices registration after microinjection of leptin (5-50 ng) into reticular part of substantia nigra (SNR). Besides, severity of picrtoxon-induced generalized seizures (2 mg/kg, i.p.) have been estimated after intra-SNR leptin administration. It was shown that bilateral intraSNR leptin injection (50 ng) resulted in oligo-akinesia, muscle tonus enhancement, decrease of wakefulness period and increase of deep slow-wave sleep and paradoxal sleep. Unilateral leptin administration (5; 25 and 50 ng) into SNR resulted in the appearance of dosedependent contralateral circlings, which were blocked by naloxone (1.0 mg/kg). Haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg) caused the potentiation on keeping of uncomfortable position in animals with bilateral intraSNR leptin administration, while naloxone (1.0 mg/kg) markedly reduced this index. Analogous leptin intrastriatal injection failed to induce the same behavioral disturbances. Intranigral leptin administration was followed by decreasing of seizure susceptibility to i.p. picrotoxin administration (2,0 mg/kg)

Anxiolytic and antidepressive effects of electric stimulation of the paleocerebellar cortex in pentylenetetrazol kindled rats

Anxiety and depression are component of interictal behavioral deteriorations that occur as a consequence of kindling, a procedure to induce chronic epilepsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of electrical stimulation (ES) of paleocerebellar cortex on anxiety and depressive-like behavior in a PTZ kindled epilepsy model. Kindling was induced via pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (25.0 mg/kg IP daily) during three weeks. Locomotion in open field, elevated plus-maze (EPM) and Porsolt forced swimming test have been used for the assessment of anxiety and depression-like behavior. ES (100 Hz) has been delivered to V–VII lobules of vermal cortex of kindled rats. ES of paleocerebellum reversed kindling-induced reduction of crossings of central squares, increased rearings, and decreased the number of defecations in open field. The duration that kindled animals spent in the open arms of the EPM increased in post- ES period, and the number of enterings into the closed arms of the EPM decreased. The duration of the immobility response in the swimming test in kindled rats was reduced after ESs of paleocerebellum. In all: ES of paleocerebellar structures suppressed anxious and depressive-like behavior in PTZ-kindled rats

Possibilities of pathogenetic correction of hyperkinetic disorders taking into account an acid-base balance

As a result of analysis of the available scientific data, a significant relationship between hyperkinetic syndromes and changes in the acid-base state has been revealed. The provoking effect of alkalosis on the occurrence and severity of hyperkinetic disorders was confirmed. An own example of effective treatment of patient with essential myoclonus with taking in account his acid-base state has been given. The addition of acetylsalicylic acid to the treatment with clonazepam caused a more significant decrease in the severity of hyperkinetic disorders and improved the patient’s general condition and his quality of life. So that we suggest studying of acid-base balance in patients with hyperkinetic syndromes and syndrome of increased neuromuscular excitability in the outpatient setting and in hospital conditions at the making of initial diagnosis, and also recommend studying of acid-base balance in patients who already have neurological diagnoses, if such a study has not been made previously. Correction of acid-base status in the treatment of patients with hyperkinetic syndromes and the syndrome of increased neuromuscular excitability contributes to greater effectiveness of therapy than just symptomatic treatment of hyperkinetic disorders

Возможности патогенетической коррекции гиперкинетических нарушений с учетом состояния кислотно-основного баланса

As a result of analysis of the available scientific data, a significant relationship between hyperkinetic syndromes and changes in the acid-base state has been revealed. The provoking effect of alkalosis on the occurrence and severity of hyperkinetic disorders was confirmed. An own example of effective treatment of patient with essential myoclonus with taking in account his acid-base state has been given. The addition of acetylsalicylic acid to the treatment with clonazepam caused a more significant decrease in the severity of hyperkinetic disorders and improved the patient’s general condition and his quality of life. So that we suggest studying of acid-base balance in patients with hyperkinetic syndromes and syndrome of increased neuromuscular excitability in the outpatient setting and in hospital conditions at the making of initial diagnosis, and also recommend studying of acid-base balance in patients who already have neurological diagnoses, if such a study has not been made previously. Correction of acid-base status in the treatment of patients with hyperkinetic syndromes and the syndrome of increased neuromuscular excitability contributes to greater effectiveness of therapy than just symptomatic treatment of hyperkinetic disorders.В результате анализа имеющихся научных данных выявлена существенная взаимосвязь между гиперкинетическими синдромами и изменениями кислотноосновного состояния. Подтверждено провоцирующее действие алкалоза на возникновение и выраженность гиперкинетических нарушений. Приведен собственный пример эффективного лечения пациента с эссенциальной миоклонус с учетом его кислотно-основного состояния. Авторы предлагают изучать кислотно-основного баланс у пациентов с гиперкинетическими синдромами и синдромом повышенной нервно-мышечной возбудимости в амбулаторных и в стационарных условиях при постановке первоначального диагноза, а также рекомендуют такого рода диагностику для пациентов, уже имеющих неврологические диагнозы. Коррекция кислотноосновного состояния способствует большей эффективности терапии, чем просто симптоматическое лечение таких нарушений

RESEARCH OF DRYING SOLID WASTE

The mathematical model heat and mass transfer in a layer of solid waste, which allows you to explore the process of drying. The model allows the calculation of temperature fields in the layer of solid waste in the process of drying, taking into account the distributed internal heat sink. The proposed model can be applied in the calculations for the design of the thermal reactor for processing multicomponent organic waste.Предложена математическая модель тепломассопереноса в слое ТБО, которая позволяет исследовать процесс его сушки. Модель позволяет рассчитать температурные поля в слое ТБО в процессе его сушки с учетом распределенного внутреннего стока теплоты. Предложенная модель может быть применена в расчетах при проектировании термических реакторов для переработки многокомпонентных органических отходов

The influence of the spectral composition on the root development of ornamental plants in vitro

The results of studying the influence of spectral composition of light on rhizogenesis of ornamental plantmicrocuttings showed that the studied variant of the spectra of the led illuminators intensified the process of rhizogenesis of ornamental plan

Fungal infection possible pathogenic role in Parkinsonian disease and parkinsonism

The critical review of scientific data and own statement concerning a fungal infection possible pathogenetic role in Parkinsonian disease and parkinsonism is given. Authors are based on the numerous clinical observation results which confirm that the fungal infection (mainly of the Candida species) is considered in aspect of its pathogenetic importance in the abovementioned pathology. The data about both fungal-induced striatal damage and dopaminergic striato-nigral neurotransmission failure are interesting that represents the main link of Parkinsonian disease and parkinsonism pathogenesis. Comparing data of clinical works authors emphasize a community of candidosis and parkinsonian clinical manifestations that confirms additionally by these diseases clinical manifestation improvement after antifungal preparations and levadopa treatment. Authors conclude that revealed interrelation between a fungal infection and Parkinsonian disease and parkinsonism allows to consider confidently about the functional pallido-striato-nigral system failure additional pathogenetic link in the form of fungal infection and fungal-induced nervous system intoxication.Представлен критический обзор данных научной литературы, а также собственные положения, касающиеся возможной патогенетической роли грибковой инфекции при болезни Паркинсона и паркинсонизме. Авторы основываются на результатах многочисленных клинических исследований, которые свидетельствуют в пользу того, что грибковая инфекция (преимущественно грибы роды Candida) рассматривается в аспекте её патогенетического значения при вышеуказанной патологии. В этом отношении интересны данные о фунгальноиндуцированном поражении стриатума, дофаминергической стриато-нигральной нейропередачи, что представляет собой основное звено патогенеза болезни Паркинсона и паркинсонизма. Сопоставляя данные клинических работ, авторы подчеркивают общность клинических проявлений кандидоза и паркинсонизма, что дополнительно подтверждается улучшением клинического течения этих заболеваний вследствие назначения противогрибковых препаратов и левадопы. Авторы заключают, что продемонстрированная взаимосвязь между грибковой инфекцией и наличием болезни Паркинсона и паркинсонизмом позволяет с уверенностью полагать наличие дополнительного патогенетического звена функционального поражения паллидо-стриато-нигральной системы в виде наличия грибковой инфекции и развития фунгальной интоксикации нервной системы.Подано критичний огляд даних наукової літератури, а також власні положення, що стосуються можливої патогенетичної ролі грибкової інфекції при хворобі Паркінсона та паркінсонізмі. Автори грунтуються на результатах численних клінічних досліджень, які свідчать на користь того, що грибкова інфекція (переважно гриби роду Candida) розглядається в аспекті її патогенетичного значення за умов вищевказаної патології. У цьому відношенні цікавими постають дані про фунгально-індуковане ураження стріатуму, дофамінергічної стріатонігральної нейропередачі, що є провідною ланкою патогенезу хвороби Паркінсона і паркінсонізму. Зіставляючи дані клінічних робіт, автори підкреслюють спільність клінічних проявів кандидозу і паркінсонізму, що додатково підтверджується покращенням клінічного перебігу цих захворювань внаслідок призначення протигрибкових препаратів і левадопи. Автори висловлюють, що висвітлений взаємозв'язок між грибковою інфекцією і наявністю хвороби Паркінсона і паркінсонізмом дозволяє з упевненістю вважати наявність додаткової патогенетичної ланки функціонального ураження палідо-стріато-нігральної системи у вигляді наявності грибкової інфекції і розвитку фунгальної інтоксикації нервової системи

Comparison of REMS, NEWS, qSOFA and SIRS criteria scales for sepsis prediction in patients with diagnosis “SARS-CoV-2, virus unidentified”: a retrospective observational study

Background. Despite ample research on the coronavirus infection sequence and therapy, the incidence of adverse outcomes remains very high. Sepsis stands among the major factors greatly complicating treatment and increasing the risk of death. A timely identification of highrisk sepsis patients is a cornerstone of effective sepsis prevention.Objectives. A comparative prognostic power assessment between the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) scale, National Early Warning Score (NEWS), Initial Prehospital Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) and the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria for sepsis detection in anaesthetic intensive care patients with a diagnosis: SARS-CoV-2, virus unidentified.Methods. A retrospective observational study included 166 patients over 18-year age with unconfirmed infection (ICD-10 code U07.2). The qSOFA, NEWS, REMS and SIRS point estimates were obtained from each patient. The patients were retrospectively divided in two cohorts by sepsis presence (Sepsis-3 criteria) to determine the express scales power in evaluating the risk of sepsis (estimated as area under ROC curve, AUROC).Results. Data on 102 patients were included in the final analysis. Fifty-eight (57%) patients were terminal, and 55 (54%) developed sepsis. The estimates are as follows: NEWS — AUROC 0.848 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.764–0.912], sensitivity 76.36% [95% CI 63.0–86.8], specificity 82.98% [95% CI 69.2–92.4], optimal cut-off threshold >5 points; qSOFA — AUROC 0.700 [95% CI 0.602–0.787], sensitivity 76.36% [95% CI 63.0–86.8], specificity 61.70% [95% CI 46.4–75.5], optimal cut-off threshold >0 points; REMS — AUROC 0.739 [95% CI 0.643–0.821], sensitivity 69.09% [95% CI 55.2–80.9], specificity 65.96% [95% CI 50.7–79.1], optimal cut-off threshold >5 points; SIRS criteria — AUROC 0.723 [95% CI 0.626–0.807], sensitivity 98.18% [95% CI 90.3–100.0], specificity 31.91% [95% CI 19.1–47.1], optimal cut-off threshold >0 points.Conclusion. The NEWS scale revealed a good prognostic power to estimate the risk of sepsis in patients with suspected COVID-19 disease. The qSOFA, REMS scales and SIRS criteria possess a good calibration capacity, albeit insufficient resolution, which limits their prognostic value

Light Sterile Neutrinos: A White Paper

This white paper addresses the hypothesis of light sterile neutrinos based on recent anomalies observed in neutrino experiments and the latest astrophysical data

Search for electron antineutrino interactions with the Borexino Counting Test Facility at Gran Sasso

Electron antineutrino interactions above the inverse beta decay energy of protons (E_\bar{\nu}_e>1.8) where looked for with the Borexino Counting Test Facility (CTF). One candidate event survived after rejection of background, which included muon-induced neutrons and random coincidences. An upper limit on the solar $\bar{\nu}_{e}$ flux, assumed having the $^8$B solar neutrino energy spectrum, of 1.1$\times10^{5}$ cm$^{-2}$~s$^{-1}$ (90% C.L.) was set with a 7.8 ton $\times$ year exposure. This upper limit corresponds to a solar neutrino transition probability, $\nu_{e} \to \bar{\nu}_{e}$, of 0.02 (90% C.L.). Predictions for antineutrino detection with Borexino, including geoneutrinos, are discussed on the basis of background measurements performed with the CTF.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, 5 table