Analysis of south hemisphere temperature anomalies over the last millennium up to the beginning of the contemporary age: a comparison between a statistical model and a global dynamic model

We analyze the consistency of the coupled atmosphere-ocean GISS-ER climate model in reproducing South American temperature anomalies over the last millennium. For that purpose, we compare the model results with the Neukom’s temperature anomaly reconstruction provided by a statistical model that uses multiproxy data and climatological temperature anomalies. Specifically, we examine temperature anomalies for summer and winter of a 6-member ensemble of the GISS-ER model with 1× solar forcing and 2× solar forcing, calculated for the period 1000-1899. Using the Neukom’s reconstructions and the model outputs, we calculate the summer mean anomalies of the period 1001-1700 (a period that includes Medieval Climate Anomaly -MCA- and Little Ice Age -LIA-), and winter mean anomalies of the period 1706-1800 (a period that includes the pre-industrial period). These mean anomalies are subtracted from Neukom’s reconstructions defining the reconstructions wrt 1001-1700 (summer) and wrt 1706-1800 (summer and winter). In general, the model is not very consistent with the reconstructions, since the model’s mean and spread show very small interannual variability in contrast to what the reconstructions exhibit, and often with anomalies of opposite sign. In the period 1001-1700, the model presents, on average, negative temperature anomalies for the 1× and 2× forcing. In the period 1706-1800, the model displays positive anomalies for summer and negative anomalies for winter for the 1× and 2× forcing. In particular, the anomaly that better reproduces the sign of the reconstructions is that wrt 1001-1700 with 1× forcing and for summer. The model has an error of only 33% in reproducing the sign of the anomalies, in comparison to the Neukom’s reconstruction for the same reference period. The model’s anomaly wrt 1001-1700 with 1× forcing for summer also reproduces the MCA and LIA’s sign of the reconstruction. The MCA’s sign is reproduced in almost 75% of the comparisons, and the LIA’s sign in more than 73% of the comparisons with the reconstruction, indicating that the model can represent this important anomalies.Fil: Muller, Gabriela Viviana. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; ArgentinaFil: Rabelo Da Rocha Repinaldo, Cintia. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentin

Simulating the impact of dust cooling on the statistical properties of the intracluster medium

From the first stages of star and galaxy formation, non-gravitational processes such as ram pressure stripping, SNs, galactic winds, AGNs, galaxy-galaxy mergers, etc... lead to the enrichment of the IGM in stars, metals as well as dust, via the ejection of galactic material into the IGM. We know now that these processes shape, side by side with gravitation, the formation and the evolution of structures. We present here hydrodynamic simulations of structure formation implementing the effect of the cooling by dust on large scale structure formation. We focus on the scale of galaxy clusters and study the statistical properties of clusters. Here we present our results on the $T_X-M$ and the $L_X-M$ scaling relations which exhibit changes on both the slope and normalization when adding cooling by dust to the standard radiative cooling model. For example, the normalization of the $T_X-M$ relation changes only by a maximum of 2% at $M=10^{14}$ M$_\odot$ whereas the normalization of the $L_X-T_X$ changes by as much as 10% at $T_X=1$ keV for models that including dust cooling. Our study shows that the dust is an added non-gravitational process that contributes shaping the thermodynamical state of the hot ICM gas.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, ASR in pres

Medidas morfométricas e correlações fenotípicas de tilápia Gift submetidas a seleção individual

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da seleção individual para peso corporal nas medidas morfométricas de tilápia-do-nilo, linhagem GIFT-Epagri, e determinar as correlações destas medidas com o peso do corpo. Foram utilizados 325 machos e 272 fêmeas, derivados de sete diferentes populações do programa de melhoramento. De cada indivíduo foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: peso corporal (PC), comprimento total (CT), comprimento padrão (CP), comprimento do tronco (CTr), comprimento da cabeça (CC), altura corporal (AC) e largura corporal (LC). Posteriormente, foram determinadas as seguintes relações: fator de condição de Fulton (FC), CC/CP, AC/CP, LC/CP e CTr/CP. Os indivíduos selecionados para peso corporal das diferentes populações apresentaram maior FC e AC/CP, em relação aos indivíduos não selecionados. Além disso, todas as correlações entre as variáveis analisadas foram altas (acima de 0,70), indicando que na seleção dos indivíduos com maior peso há boa possibilidade de haver ganhos indiretos para outras características desejáveis. Abstract - This study aimed to evaluate the effect of individual selection for body weight on morphometric characteristics of the Nile tilapia, Gift-Epagri strain, and as well as to determine the phenotypic correlations of these measurements. We used 325 males and 272 females derived from seven different populations of the breeding program. The following morphometric characteristics were measured: body weight (BW), total length (TL), standard length (SL), corrected length (CL), head length (HL), body height (BH) and body width (BW). Thereafter, the data were used to determine the following ratios: Fulton condition factor (FC), HL/SL, BH/SL, BW/SL and CL/SL. Fish selected for body weight showed greater FC and BH/SL compared to unselected fish. In addition, all correlations between variables were high (above 0.70), indicating that the selection of individuals with higher body weight may provide indirect gains in other desirable characteristics.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da seleção individual para peso corporal nas medidas morfométricas de tilápia-do-nilo, linhagem GIFT-Epagri, e determinar as correlações destas medidas com o peso do corpo. Foram utilizados 325 machos e 272 fêmeas, derivados de sete diferentes populações do programa de melhoramento. De cada indivíduo foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: peso corporal (PC), comprimento total (CT), comprimento padrão (CP), comprimento do tronco (CTr), comprimento da cabeça (CC), altura corporal (AC) e largura corporal (LC). Posteriormente, foram determinadas as seguintes relações: fator de condição de Fulton (FC), CC/CP, AC/CP, LC/CP e CTr/CP. Os indivíduos selecionados para peso corporal das diferentes populações apresentaram maior FC e AC/CP, em relação aos indivíduos não selecionados. Além disso, todas as correlações entre as variáveis analisadas foram altas (acima de 0,70), indicando que na seleção dos indivíduos com maior peso há boa possibilidade de haver ganhos indiretos para outras características desejáveis.

Floristic and structural patterns in South Brazilian coastal grassland

ABSTRACT The natural vegetation of Southern Brazil's coastal region includes grasslands formations that are poorly considered in conservation policy, due to the lack of knowledge about these systems. This study reports results from a regional-scale survey of coastal grasslands vegetation along a 536 km gradient on southern Brazil. We sampled 16 sites along the coastal plain with 15 plots (1 m²) per site. All sites were grazed by cattle. We estimated plant species cover, vegetation height, percentage of bare soil, litter and manure, and classified species according to their growth forms. We found 221 species, 14 of them exotic and two threatened. The prostate grasses: Axonopus aff.affinis, Paspalum notatum and P. pumilumwere among the most important species. Prostrate graminoids species represented the most important vegetation cover, followed by cespitose grasses. Vegetation height, bare soil, litter and manure were similar among all areas, highlighting the homogeneity of sampling sites due to similar management. In comparison to other grasslands formations in Southern Brazil, the coastal grasslands presented rather low species richness. The presence of high values for bare soil at all sampling sites indicates the need to discuss management practices in the region, especially with regard to the intensity of livestock grazing

Cardiovascular and Biochemical Responses in Exercise Recuperation in Diabetic Rats

The objective of this study was to assess the cardiovascular and biochemical responses during aerobic exercise recuperation in diabetic rats. There were utilized 12 animals, of 60 days, divided in two groups: control and diabetic. On the test day, the animals performed a 60 minutes’ session of predominantly aerobic exercise, using an overload of 6% of their body’s weight. After and before the exercise, the animals had their systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR), lactate, glycerol and glucose measured. The animals were trained during 30 days by swimming tank, with an extra weight equivalent to 4% extra weight a 40-min session. A decrease in glucose value occurred in the diabetic animals after exercising, as well as an increase of lactate in the same group. 1’, 3’, 5’ and 7’ after the exercise, a significant reduction of HR in the diabetic group was noticed when compared with the control group, such behavior was also observed with double product (DP) together with SBP values 1’, 3’ and 5’ after the exercise. The diabetic animals’ recovery has been possibly affected by a reduction of blood flow and a reduction of energetic substrates contribution, as well as lactate clearance

Possibilidade de arbitragem no mercado de câmbio brasileiro

The objective of this work is to determine the presence of volatility in the spot and futures exchange rates, detecting, thus, the presence of risk. Identified the volatility, it is looked for shaping it through the construction of models capable to forecast the behavior of the spot and futures exchange rates. The GARCH and TARCH models had been used to shape the volatility of the exchange rates. Gotten the estimates, it is verified existence of convergence of these rates in the date of the expirations of future contracts, identifying, thus, the chance to get profits with arbitrage. The results had shown more that the spot and futures exchange rates are very volatile and the spot exchange market presents asymmetry, being affected for negative impacts. The volatility analysis also indicates that the shocks in these rates last for a long period of time. Finally, it is detected possibility to get profits with arbitrage in the market of Brazilian exchange.Arbitrage, Spot exchange rate, Futures exchange rate, Volatility, International Relations/Trade,

Answer Set Programming Modulo `Space-Time'

We present ASP Modulo `Space-Time', a declarative representational and computational framework to perform commonsense reasoning about regions with both spatial and temporal components. Supported are capabilities for mixed qualitative-quantitative reasoning, consistency checking, and inferring compositions of space-time relations; these capabilities combine and synergise for applications in a range of AI application areas where the processing and interpretation of spatio-temporal data is crucial. The framework and resulting system is the only general KR-based method for declaratively reasoning about the dynamics of `space-time' regions as first-class objects. We present an empirical evaluation (with scalability and robustness results), and include diverse application examples involving interpretation and control tasks

Unusual Formation of Point-Defect Complexes in the Ultrawide-Band-Gap Semiconductor β-Ga2 O3

Understanding the unique properties of ultra-wide band gap semiconductors requires detailed information about the exact nature of point defects and their role in determining the properties. Here, we report the first direct microscopic observation of an unusual formation of point defect complexes within the atomic-scale structure of β-Ga2O3 using high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Each complex involves one cation interstitial atom paired with two cation vacancies. These divacancy-interstitial complexes correlate directly with structures obtained by density functional theory, which predicts them to be compensating acceptors in β-Ga2O3. This prediction is confirmed by a comparison between STEM data and deep level optical spectroscopy results, which reveals that these complexes correspond to a deep trap within the band gap, and that the development of the complexes is facilitated by Sn doping through increased vacancy concentration. These findings provide new insight on this emerging material's unique response to the incorporation of impurities that can critically influence their properties