Heterogeneous cellular netwoks under diverse coupling and association criteria

Limiting the number of simultaneous active users does not affect the coverage and average symmetric binary rate but energy efficiency improves for its lower values, since the resources of the cell are distributed among less users, at the expense of an unfairer treatment as more users are kept inactive. It has been inspected that including more picocells has no worth for average rate and fairness under average criteria mainly due to the high difference of power between both tiers but energy efficiency slightly improves as more users get inactive. Cell range expansion bias reduces coverage but fairness is maximum for its mid-range values and the energy efficiency as well as the binary rate has improved much beyond those mid-range values. Finally, slight increment in fractional power control improves coverage and joint rate and provides better user fairness treatment. Our results show that for realistic path loss models, the decoupled DL/UL association does not improve the results sufficiently to compensate for the implementation difficulties it represents.Current networks are moving towards Heterogeneous Cellular Networks (HCN) arising from the combination of small cells with existing macrocells. The aim of this thesis is to analyze various performance indicators of heterogeneous cellular networks under diverse coupling and association criteria. We considered a two-tier heterogeneous cellular network with macro and pico BSs and UEs uniformly distributed. Realistic path loss models given by 3GPP have been taken into account for both macro and pico tiers. In this work, three association criteria were used to associate users to macro or a pico tier which include the coupled and decoupled association criteria. The coupled association criteria encompass nearest BS and maximum downlink average power whereas in decoupled association criteria, users were associated in DL by maximum average receive power and in UL by minimum path loss. Cell Range Expansion (CRE) and Fractional Power Control (FPC) techniques have been considered. The results showed a remarkable lack of independence and correlation between uplink and downlink coverage has been guessed even under independent Rayleigh fading. Simulation results showed that taking into account limits on the maximum spectral efficiency and on the number of simultaneous active users within a cell strongly modify the results on joint binary rate. It has been investigated that deploying a denser infrastructure by increasing the total number of BSs, not only improves coverage and average rates but also the energy efficiency and fairness

Sinergi Peran Pemerintah Desa dan Masyarakat dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat

This study aimed to describe the tourism village development program, the synergy of the village government and the community's role in the development of tourist villages, as well as improving community welfare through the development of tourist villages in Semen Village, Blitar Regency. This study used a qualitative approach with the type of descriptive research—sources of data in the form of primary data and secondary data. Data were collected by using observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data were analyzed using an interactive model from Miles and Huberman. The study results showed that the tourism village development program included physical development in the form of facilities and infrastructure and non-physical development in the form of community empowerment. The synergy of the village government influences the success of developing a tourist village through potential exploration and the community as coordinator, facilitator, implementer, and accelerator. Furthermore, developing tourist villages could improve community welfare, including income, clean settlements, education levels, and the fulfilment of health facilities

ORIGAMI: AN ALTERNATIVE MEDIA TO TEACH PROCEDURE TEXT IN SPEAKING

Procedure text is the text that has to be mastered by senior high school. The purpose of the text is to give a clue how to do something through some steps. The students should experience the lesson in order to help them to know that activity is on their daily life and to apply the worldly education "learning to do" and to make class more lively and communicative. Experiencing the objective above, there are many kinds of media that can be used to motivate the students to learn procedure text orally. One of them is using "origami" (it's the art or process, originating in Japan, of folding paper into shapes representing objects such as flowers, animal and furniture etc.). This study is conducted using a descriptive qualitative research with non-participant researcher. The subject is the students of senior high school in Mojokerto. In doing the observation, the data are collected by observing the activity during the class, the result of observation checklist and the result of questionnaire. Using "origami" as an alternative media to teach procedure text in speaking class is expected to attract the students' interest; it can give the students' opportunities to feel a variety in teaching learning process. "Origami" helps the students increase motivation, enthusiasm, and become easy to practice their language orally. In carrying out "origami", the teacher selects "origami" for beginner because the models can be found in around their house or school. They enable the students to instruct orally. "Origami" is a good media in learning procedure text orally because it can give fun and relaxation and break up the routine class activity. Furthermore, the students experience and understand what they learn.Keywords: Origami, An alternative media, Procedure text, Speaking clas

Relationship marketing dynamics and customer loyalty in higher education sector

In response to the challenges facing higher educational institutions, including declining public funding, globalization and stiff competition, this study aims to fill Literature gaps by proposing and validating a customer loyalty model based on relationship marketing for the higher education sector. Drawing upon social exchange and social learning theories, this study examines the moderating effect of long term orientation on the link between relationship marketing dynamics and customer loyalty. A total of 416 graduates and undergraduate students of federal universities in Nigeria participated in the study. The results of the partial least squares (PLS) path analysis supported the hypothesized direct and indirect effects of relationship marketing dynamics on customer loyalty. Specifically, relationship marketing dynamics of bonding, communication, and personalization were found to have significant positive relationship with customer satisfaction and trust. The results of the analysis also suggest that customer satisfaction and trust mediate the link between bonding, communication, personalization and customer loyalty. Furthermore, long term orientation moderates the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Specifically, there is more significant positive relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty for individual customers high in long term orientation than for individual customers low in long term orientation. However, no moderating effect of long term orientation was found on the path between trust and customer loyalty. Taken together, the findings of the study lend empirical support to the view that relationship marketing in general, and service personalization in particular, can promote customer loyalty, especially among individual customers high in long term orientation. Hence, knowledge of individual customer long term orientation can assist university administrators in managing their students profile effectively. Theoretical, managerial, and methodological implications are discussed and a conclusion is drawn

AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ WRITING ASSIGNMENT OF ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT

Writing is not always easy to do. Students face some difficulties in mastering writing skills because they need particular practices to develop their writing skills. A teacher should understand students’ abilities and difficulties and one of many ways a teacher can do is by analyzing students’ compositions like generic structures and language features of analytical exposition texts. These may make students find some difficulties in writing analytical exposition texts. This study is a descriptive qualitative study and aims to describe the students’ competence in writing expository text. The researcher is the first instrument and the second instrument for this study is the students’ compositions of analytical exposition texts. To analyze the data, there will be three steps; classification, analysis, and representing to determine whether the students write analytical exposition texts with proper generic structures and language features or not. The researcher found that the students could write analytical exposition texts with good generic structures and language features. However, there are some students who did not compose them properly. For generic structures, some students often did not write a review of arguments in the thesis and reiteration. And for language features, some of the students often did not apply the diction well. The students were proficient enough in organizing analytical exposition text in terms of generic structures and language features. The teacher should give a clear explanation and understanding in teaching analytical exposition text. The teacher had to explain how to make analytical exposition text deeply in order that the students could comprehend the text well. In addition, the English teacher could give comments to the students’ composition for the better next writing assignments, because they could understand their mistakes

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH MASTERY IN NEWS ITEM TEXT THROUGH USING INPUT ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUE

The goal of this research is to find out whether input enhancement technique is effective in improving students’ direct and indirect speech mastery in news item text. This research is quantitative experimental research with pretest and posttest control group design. The data of this research is the students’ direct and indirect speech mastery in new item text. The data collection technique is by administering tests, using pretest-posttest design. The data analysis technique uses t-test formula. The result indicates that there was no difference between control and experimental group in initial abiity before the input-enchancemen-technique was treated. Whereas by using input enhancement technique there was significant difference between students taught direct and indirect speech mastery using input enhancement technique and those taught direct and indirect speech mastery in news item text without using input enhancement technique. Thus, it could be concluded that the use of input enhancement technique was effective in improving students’ direct and indirect speech mastery in news item text. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan teknik peningkatan input efektif dapat meningkatkan penguasaan tuturan siswa secara langsung dan tidak langsung pada teks item berita. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental kuantitatif dengan desain control group pretest and posttest. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah penguasaan tuturan langsung dan tidak langsung siswa pada teks item berita. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan pemberian tes, pretest dan posttest. Teknik analisis data menggunakan rumus uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen dalam hal kemampuan awal sebelum dilakukan perlakuan teknik input-enhancemen. Sedangkan dengan menggunakan teknik peningkatan input terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar siswa dalam hal penguasaan tuturan langsung dan tidak langsung menggunakan teknik peningkatan input dengan hasil belajar siswa dalam hal penguasaan tuturan langsung dan tidak langsung dalam teks item berita tanpa menggunakan teknik peningkatan input. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan teknik peningkatan input efektif dalam meningkatkan penguasaan tuturan siswa secara langsung dan tidak langsung pada teks item berita

An efficient numerical method for computation of the number of complex zeros of real polynomials inside the open unit disk

AbstractIn this paper, a simple and efficient numerical method is proposed for computing the number of complex zeros of a real polynomial lying inside the unit disk. The proposed protocol uses the Boubaker polynomial expansion scheme (BPES) to build sequence of polynomials based on the concept of Sturm sequences. The method is used in a direct way without using any restrictions in reference to other existing methods. The protocol is applied to some example polynomials of different orders and utility of the algorithm is noticed

Petrophysical and Geochemical Analysis of Chichali Formation for the Source Rock Evaluation: A Case Study of Chanda-01 Well, Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan

A source rock has the ability of generating hydrocarbons after the maturation of the organic component for a specific period of time. The hydrocarbon generation and release from a potential source rock is dependent on the content of the organic matter, which is determined by Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content. In this research, the Chichali Formation of Cretaceous age is considered to be a source rock in the Chanda gas field, Upper Indus Basin on the basis of petrophysical and geochemical results of well Chanda-01. The study includes computation of TOC, mineralogy and parameters like porosity, permeability and fluid saturation which have been carried out from Well log data. Additionally, geochemical results of the well have been incorporated in order to calibrate and authenticate both results. The formation is encountered at a depth of 4543 m in Chanda-01 well and its thickness is about 34 m. The formation has been divided into two parts on the basis of lithology. The upper part is representing sandy shale, whereas the lower part exhibits massive shale unit. The log data of natural gamma ray, resistivity, density and spectral gamma ray, including uranium, thorium and potassium curves have been interpreted in the lower part of the formation, which confirms that the formation is possibly deposited in anoxic conditions with sufficient organic rich content. Moreover, geochemical analysis of the rock cuttings of the well shows good Vitrinite Reflectance and TOC results which complement the results obtained from the petrophysical analysis. Seven rock samples of Chichali Formation have been analyzed for its TOC & VR value which confirms that shale in this area has fair source potential as the average value of both tests against these samples are greater than 1%. Therefore, having fair source rock potential in Chanda gas field, there is a possibility that Chichali Formation could be a potential source in the other fields of Upper and Middle Indus basins and a prospect for the shale gas resource as well

Risk Appetite Discriminated Investors Wealth Accumulation: Regime-Switching versus Non-Regime-Switching Models-Based Strategies

Main objective of current research is to assess which strategy from Regime-Switching and Non-Regime-Switching Models is better for wealth accumulation by investors who are discriminated based on their risk appetite having portfolio in Sharia-Compliant cement stocks listed on PSX. The sample is consisting of 14-Sharia-Compliant cement stocks which are registered on Pakistan Stock Exchange while the daily closing balances of selected companies are retrieved from different reliable secondary sources of data for the period 18-Nov-2015 to 15-Dec-2021 and the collected data is being processed though statistical tools. The ending wealth attained through Regime-Switching Model of risk-averse investors, risk-neutral investors and risk-taker investors are 1.443, 1.340, and 1.476 respectively which are higher than attained through Non-Regime-Switching and sharp ratios are also better of all investors in RS.  Hence, the results indicate that Regime-Switching Strategy is better than Non-Regime-Switching for wealth accumulation. This is very helpful for investors in making investment decisions wisely and policy maker in formulating of policies to rescue the investors from risk. Uniqueness of study derives from focus on risk-appetite investors wealth maximization problem, for which two entirely different models used