Development of CTL Approach Learning Tools to Improve Critical Thinking Skills and Science Learning Outcomes of Class V Primary School Students

 The background to this research is that the learning methods used by teachers are still conventional, there is a lack of students' critical thinking skills so that students' learning outcomes decrease and there is a need for education that supports 21st-century learning as well as previous research that is reviewed and refined. This research aims to improve critical thinking skills and learning outcomes of class V students in science subjects at SDN Jatiroto 03. This research uses the development of learning tools which include LKPD, learning results tests, lesson plans, and teaching materials. Teaching materials and LKPD make it easier for students to understand food webs. The learning outcomes test questions contain HOTS (Higher Other Thinks Skill) questions which aim to increase student learning outcomes scores. The method used in this research is development or Research and Development based on the Four D Model with the development model consisting of four development stages, namely defining, planning, developing, and disseminating. The data collection procedures used are data collection procedures for CTL, observation to measure critical thinking skills, learning outcomes in the form of tests, and data collection processes for LKPD products and teaching materials. The data analysis method used is instrument testing, testing learning outcomes test questions, testing LKPD products and teaching materials. The results of this research show that the learning tools developed according to expectations meet the criteria for validity, practicality, and effectiveness so that learning tools using the CTL approach to improve critical thinking skills and student learning outcomes are suitable for use in science learning for fifth-grade elementary school

Assessing the Efficacy of Coding with Scratch and AI Interaction Using ChatGPT on 5th Graders’ Math Performance and Computational Thinking

This study explores the effectiveness of integrating coding using Scratch and AI interaction via ChatGPT to enhance the mathematics performance and computational thinking skills of 5th-grade students. An experimental group, which received training using these tools, showed significant improvements in mathematical problem formulation, data organization, and higher-order cognitive skills such as analysis, evaluation, and creation, as measured by Bloom's Taxonomy. These gains were notably higher compared to a control group using traditional methods. The results demonstrate that the use of Scratch for coding and ChatGPT for AI interaction not only enhances mathematical understanding but also fosters critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaborative learning. This integration supports the development of computational thinking, preparing students for future challenges in a technology-driven world. The study highlights the potential of digital tools in transforming primary education by promoting deeper engagement and fostering essential 21st-century skills

The Role of QuizWhizzer in English Learning: A Descriptive Study to Increase the Learning Interest of 8th Grade Students

This study aims to determine the extent to which the use of QuizWhizzer can increase student interest in learning. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The research subjects were students of class VIII F and VIII G at SMPN 3 Lamongan totaling 60 students, but only 33 students were taken as samples in data collection in the form of student learning interest questionnaires.  Indicators of student interest in learning questionnaires include attention, interest, feelings of pleasure, student involvement.  The percentage results obtained for the student attention indicator are 60.24%, the student interest indicator is 64.36%, the feeling of pleasure indicator is 65.57%, the involvement indicator is 63.63%. The total of the four indicators is 63.45% and is in the High category. This study makes an important contribution in the development of technology-based learning methods by confirming the effectiveness of using QuizWhizzer application as an interactive learning media. The results show that QuizWhizzer not only significantly increases students' learning interest and motivation, but also strengthens students' active involvement in the learning process through interesting and fun interactive quizzes

Ethnomathematics in Buna-Insana Motif Weaving Activity and its Link to School Mathematics

This study explores ethnomathematics in the activity of weaving Buna-Insana motifs and its connection to school mathematics using an ethnographic case study with weavers from Botof Village, Insana District, guided by Bishop's ethnomathematics concepts: counting, measuring, designing, and reasoning. The results of the study indicate that the counting activity, mathematical knowledge in the form of addition operations is obtained. The measuring activity, hand spans are used as a unit of measurement. In the designing activity, the motifs produced are related to plane geometry concepts and similarity concepts. After the designing activity, reasoning activities are carried out. Implication logic is also found in weaving activities, namely when determining the selling price of woven fabrics and the length of weaving time

Design and Development of an Automation Device for Free-Fall Motion Experiments Based on a Web-Remote Laboratory

Design and Development of an Automation Device for Free-Fall Motion Experiments Based on a Web-Remote Laboratory. This study aims to develop an automated free-fall experiment device integrated with a web-remote laboratory system. The web-remote laboratory is a real laboratory that can be controlled and displays results remotely through an internet connection. The research follows the Design and Development Research (DDR) methodology, which encompasses several stages: problem identification, objective formulation, system design and development, system testing, evaluation, and refinement. A domain hosting service was employed to deploy the web server, providing greater flexibility and ease in developing control interfaces compared to applications such as Blynk and ThingSpeak. The design and development process addressed both hardware-mechatronic and software components. The software was implemented on the microcontroller and the webserver to enable seamless integration. Testing was conducted in two phases, which informed product evaluation and subsequent refinements. The resulting device supports automation, features fully functional mechatronic systems, ensures optimized sensor sensitivity, facilitates user-friendly control via a web browser, and provides accurate calculations of gravitational acceleration during free-fall experiments. Despite its strengths, the ESP8266 microcontroller was suboptimal for applications requiring high sensitivity. Additionally, the web interface lacked multi-user support. These limitations present opportunities for further development and optimization of the device. Overall, the findings of this study provide a practical and innovative solution to enhance student engagement in laboratory activities, particularly in educational settings with limited access to physical laboratory equipment

A Comparative Analysis of the Intended Mathematics Curriculum of Cambodia and Singapore: Focus on Geometry

Cambodian students’ achievement is low in geometry problem-solving ability. This study aims to compare the intended mathematics curriculum of Cambodia and Singapore, with a specific focus on geometry. Four recently revised Cambodian mathematics syllabi, published in 2018 and two Singaporean mathematics syllabi, published in 2020, have been collected and analyzed following the General Topic Trace Mapping procedure. This analysis reveals significant differences between Cambodian and Singaporean mathematics curricula in design, structure and coherence, followed by domain, sub-domain, contents, sub-contents and learning outcomes within and across the grade. It also highlighted that the Cambodian mathematics curriculum on geometry lacks coherence in content, sub-content, and learning outcomes, potentially lowering student achievement. Enhancing curriculum coherence could significantly improve student learning outcomes in Cambodia

Development and Validation of Google Sites Technology-Assisted Student Worksheet to Increase Students' Collaboration Skills in Science Learning in Junior High School

Development and Validation of Google Sites Technology-Assisted Student Worksheet to Increase Students’ Collaboration Skills in Science Learning in Junior High School. This research is based on the problem of collaboration skills of students in class VIII F SMP Negeri 6 Jember which is still low in science learning conducted by observation. One way to overcome this is to develop E-LKPD assisted by Google Sites to improve students' collaboration skills. The purpose of the study was to examine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of E-LKPD assisted by Google Sites to enhance student collaboration skills in science learning. The research design uses Research and Development (R&D) with the Plomp development model which includes preliminary research, prototyping stage, and evaluation stage. Products that have been developed, get a validation score of 94% with a very valid category. Practicality is 96.83% with a very practical category. The effectiveness of E-LKPD is 63% with the results of the N-gain test with a moderate category, 77% self-assessment with a high category in collaboration, and 88% student response questionnaire with a very good category. The results of this study can conclude that E-LKPD assisted by Google Sites can be said to be valid, practical, and effective in learning science in junior high school

Implementation of Problem-Based Learning Model Using Youtube Media to Improve Numeracy Literacy of 8th Grade Students

Application of Problem-Based Learning Model Based on Youtube Media to Improve Students’ Numeracy Literacy. In eighth grade, kids' limited numeracy literacy abilities make it difficult for them to understand science. One innovative solution is the project-based learning (PBL) approach, incorporating YouTube material. Applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) pedagogy with the digital media platform YouTube, this research seeks to enhance students' numeracy literacy abilities. The participants in this Classroom Action Research (PTK) study are thirty eighth graders from class 8A. There were two rounds to this study. This research measured students' numeracy literacy abilities using data collected via interviews, observations, and tests, which were analysed descriptively. The study found that although students' average exam scores climbed by 14.5 points to 78.2 in Cycle II, they were 63.7 in Cycle I. Results show that eighth graders at SMP Negeri 2 Berbek may benefit from the Problem Based Learning approach, especially in science, when they use YouTube as a learning tool. The researchers recommend doing future experiments over a longer period to examine the persistent influence of YouTube-based PBL on students' numeracy, since the time constraint led to less than optimum results

Effectiveness of Word Craft Teaching Media in English Learning at Senior High School 3 Lamongan

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Word Craft as a medium for learning English argumentation at SMA Negeri 3 Lamongan. This research used qualitative method with contrutivist approach. The sample of this study was 72 students consisting of 36 students of grade XI-9 and 36 students of XI-12 from SMA Negeri 3 Lamongan. Data were collected through participant observation and interviews. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Word Craft is an innovative learning media that combines two approaches, namely Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Project Based Learning (PjBL). This media helps students develop critical thinking and argumentation writing skills through meaningful and contextual projects. The results showed that the use of Word Craft media was effective and showed significant improvement in students' cognitive processes, especially in composing argumentative texts. Through this media, students are invited to explore controversial topics, collect supporting evidence, and build logical arguments. The constructivist approach in this medium encourages students to actively construct knowledge through experience with the teacher as a provider of tailored support. The research conclusion emphasizes that Word Craft not only improves students' understanding of argumentation structure, but also prepares them to think critically, participate critically in academic discussions. English teachers can use Word Scaft media as an interactive learning media can substantially improve students' ability to organize and produce coherent argumentative texts. This research is expected to be a reference material for teachers to use interactive learning media with different subject

Enhancing Advanced Writing Proficiency in Indonesian Elementary Education: Integrating Collaborative Pedagogy and AI-Based Innovation

Writing instruction in Indonesian elementary schools often receives less emphasis compared to other language skills, despite its importance in developing students’ ability to think critically and communicate effectively. This study explores how advanced writing instruction—specifically for students in Grades 4–6—can be enhanced through practical strategies and technological support. Using qualitative content analysis of 58 academic sources published between 2019 and 2024, the study identifies key teaching approaches such as text modeling, collaborative writing, and project-based learning. The findings reveal that successful writing instruction is shaped by three main factors: teachers’ instructional strategies, students’ cognitive readiness, and the integration of engaging tools such as artificial intelligence. For example, AI-driven learning, including the use of tools like ChatGPT, helps students generate ideas and receive real-time feedback, thereby enhancing creativity and motivation. However, challenges remain, such as limited student vocabulary, abstract thinking skills, and the continued use of conventional teaching methods. The study concludes that a student-centered, creative, and technology-supported approach is essential for improving writing outcomes. It recommends sustained teacher training and curriculum support to align instructional practices with the demands of 21st-century literacy