Burnout y educación en línea: adaptación y validación de escala durante la pandemia

During the COVID-19 pandemic, online education represented a serious alternative to continuing working life in higher education institutions (HEIs). Teachers around the world embraced a new role, adopting and using a wide range of technological and virtual tools to continue performing their activities and with the aim to interact with students and to continue teaching.  For this reason, research related to seek and identify factors for the teachers’ well-being is essential for educational leaders. Regarding these ideas, this paper aims to test the construct validity of a Mexican version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey (MBI-ES) of Maslach et al. (1997), adapted to online education. Participants consisted of 406 Mexican university teachers who emergently switched from traditional to online educational practices during the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak. In order to test the factor structure of three alternative models based on Szigeti et al. (2016), the authors performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (Ferrando & Lorenzo-Seva, 2018). Results showed that the model with three domain factors has the best fit. Besides, our findings show that the three-factor structure of the Mexican adaptation of MBI-ES is valid and reliable for the analysis of online education because the loading of all factors was representative.   Keywords: Burnout, Teacher, Online Education, COVID-19, Pandemic, Scale Adaptation.La educación en línea representa una alternativa a la continuidad de la vida laboral en las instituciones de educación superior (IES). Los docentes adoptaron un nuevo rol al disponer de una serie de herramientas tecnológicas y virtuales para realizar sus actividades e interactuar con los alumnos.  Por esta razón, la búsqueda e identificación de factores para el bienestar de los profesores es esencial para los líderes educativos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo probar la validez de constructo de una versión mexicana de la escala Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey (MBI-ES) de Maslach et al. (1997), adaptada a la educación en línea.  Los participantes consisten en 406 profesores universitarios mexicanos que cambiaron las prácticas educativas tradicionales por prácticas en línea durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Para probar la estructura factorial de tres modelos alternativos tomando como base a Szigeti et al. (2016), se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio (Ferrando y Lorenzo-Seva, 2018). Los resultados mostraron que el modelo con tres factores de dominio tiene el mejor ajuste. Además, nuestros hallazgos muestran que la estructura de tres factores de la adaptación mexicana de MBI-ES es válida y confiable para el análisis de la educación en línea porque todas las cargas de los factores fueron representativas.   Palabras clave: Burnout, Docente, Educación en línea, COVID-19, Pandemia, Adaptación de escala

Enfoque de intercambio social y la felicidad en el trabajo: explorando el efecto mediador del compromiso organizacional

This article aims to determine the direct and indirect effects of social exchange relationships Leader Member Exchange and Team Member Exchange (LMX and TMX) on organizational commitment and happiness at work. Based on the literature review and relying on the Social Exchange Theory perspective, the authors constructed the hypothetical structure, including the four variables under study. The sample comprised 177 employees from Mexican firms, and the proposed hypotheses were under examination through a path analysis. Results show that LMX, TMX, and happiness at work have a direct effect on organizational commitment. We also found an organizational commitment to be a partial relationship mediator between LMX and happiness at work.Este artículo tiene como objetivo determinar los efectos directos e indirectos de las relaciones de intercambio social, intercambio líder miembro e intercambio entre miembros del equipo (LMX y TMX) sobre el compromiso organizacional y la felicidad en el trabajo. Con base en la revisión de la literatura y apoyándose en la perspectiva de la Teoría del Intercambio Social, los autores construyeron la estructura hipotética, incluyendo las cuatro variables en estudio. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 177 empleados de empresas mexicanas, y las hipótesis propuestas fueron examinadas a través de un análisis de trayectoria. Los resultados muestran que LMX, TMX y la felicidad en el trabajo tienen un efecto directo sobre el compromiso organizacional. También encontramos que el compromiso organizacional media la relación parcial entre LMX y la felicidad en el trabajo

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Estrategia: un acercamiento a la complejidad

El término estrategia tiene una connotación muy amplia, pero fundamentalmente se relaciona con la supervivencia. En el ambiente organizacional se suele confundir con la administración, porque se le relaciona con procesos, métodos y técnicas. La estrategia, en realidad, es una abstracción prospectiva para tomar decisiones desde una visión holística, es decir, que no sólo considere las herramientas estructurales sino el contexto humano

Jóvenes Construyendo el Futuro: Análisis y recomendaciones sobre el diseño de la política pública

The Youth Building the Future program was created as a policy to combat unemployment, underemployment, and low wages among the young population. The program aims to train and link young people with the productive sector, in order to find stable and better paying jobs. Some of the potential effects of this public policy could be related to economic growth and have an impact on other social factors (housing, health, security). Derived from this, this paper aims to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the program, using the Subirats stage model, as well as the definition of actors, resources, rules and components of public policy and the Bardach model, which will allow make some recommendations. The findings show that one of the aspects to be improved in the program implementation is the evaluation mechanisms establishment, for which a modification of the program's operating rules is suggested, including indicators for the evaluation of results, the targeting of beneficiaries, the creation of tax incentives for participating work centers and a precise definition of the training plans that enhance the intended labor linkage.El Programa Jóvenes Construyendo el Futuro surge como una política para combatir el desempleo, subempleo y los bajos salarios en la población joven. El programa pretende capacitar y vincular a los jóvenes con el sector productivo, con la finalidad de que encuentren empleos estables y mejor remunerados. Algunos de los efectos potenciales de esta política pública podrían relacionarse con el crecimiento   económico e impactar en otros aspectos sociales (vivienda, salud, seguridad). Derivado de ello, el presente escrito tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis integral del programa, utilizando el modelo de etapas de Subirats, así como la definición de actores, recursos, reglas y componentes de la política pública y el modelo de Bardach, lo que permitirá efectuar algunas recomendaciones. Los hallazgos muestran que uno de los aspectos a mejorar en la implementación de este programa es el establecimiento de mecanismos de evaluación, por lo que se sugiere una modificación en las reglas de operación del programa, que incluyan los indicadores de evaluación de resultados, la focalización de beneficiarios, la creación de incentivos fiscales para los centros de trabajo participantes y una definición precisa de los planes de capacitación que potencien la vinculación con el sector productivo

Emprendimiento femenino en tiempos de pandemia

La desigualdad de género se acentuó durante la pandemia, pues muchas mujeres perdieron sus empleos o truncaron su desarrollo profesional. Sin embargo, ante la crisis, el emprendimiento de negocios pequeños ha sido casi la única oportunidad que han tenido para cubrir sus necesidades y dar sustento a sus familias. Resulta interesante que el número de mujeres que se atreven a crear un proyecto de este tipo podría ser más alto si hubiera más apoyo y financiamiento

Burnout y educación en línea: adaptación y validación de escala durante la pandemia

"During the COVID-19 pandemic, online education represented a serious alternative to continuing working life in higher education institutions (HEIs). Teachers around the world embraced a new role, adopting and using a wide range of technological and virt

METHANE POTENTIAL AND DEGRADATION KINETICS OF FRESH AND EXCAVATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN A TROPICAL LANDFILL

The optimization of degradation processes and the management of leachate and biogas produced in landfills are key aspects for the establishment of more sustainable municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in developin countries. In this study, [email protected]