Retinal and Choroidal Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure as Treatment for Sleep Apnea: Results at 12 Months

Background: To determine the impacts of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on retinal and choroidal thickness measurement in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: Participants were 28 patients with OSA treated with CPAP who were enrolled immediately after diagnosis and graded according to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) determined in an overnight polysomnography. Inclusion criteria were a new diagnosis of OSA and an indication for CPAP. Participants underwent a full ophthalmologic examination including standard automated perimetry (SAP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at the levels peripapillary, macular, and choroidal before CPAP onset, and after three and twelve months of CPAP. The data compared before and after treatment were intraocular pressure, SAP, and the thicknesses peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), total retinal (TR), retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), photoreceptor layer (PL), and choroidal. Results: After 3 months of CPAP, we observed thickening of the pRNFL (in 5/6 subfields) (p < 0.004) and TR (in 5/9 subfields) (p < 0.010). At 12 months, thickening persisted in these layers, this time affecting 2/6 and 2/9 subfields, respectively (p < 0.012 and p < 0.001, respectively). Choroidal thinning was observed at the temporal level at both 3 and 12 months compared to measurements before starting CPAP treatment (p = 0.014 and p = 0.038, respectively). SAP remained unchanged. Intraocular pressure was higher at 12 months than at 3 months (p = 0.001). Conclusions: 12 months of CPAP avoids retinal thinning and normalizes choroidal thickness in OSA patients

Analysis of labor flows and consumption in Spain during COVID-19

Este documento analiza el vínculo entre el consumo de las familias y sus determinantes durante la pandemia en España. Para ello, se utiliza información tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa sobre la evolución del consumo contenida en la Encuesta de Expectativas de los Consumidores (CES, por sus siglas en inglés) llevada a cabo por el Banco Central Europeo. En primer lugar, se construye un índice según la información cualitativa. Su heterogeneidad por grupos poblacionales apunta a que la caída del consumo durante la pandemia ha resultado tanto del consumo no satisfecho (debido a las restricciones sobre él derivadas de las medidas adoptadas para contener la pandemia) como del deterioro registrado en el mercado de trabajo. Asimismo, los resultados indican que en 2021 (con datos hasta agosto), y en consonancia con la menor severidad de las medidas vigentes para contener la pandemia, el vínculo negativo entre el nivel de ingresos y la evolución del consumo (relacionado con el ahorro forzoso) se moderó con respecto a 2020. Posteriormente, se estima qué proporción de la recuperación del gasto que tuvo lugar en el tercer trimestre de 2020, tras la intensa caída registrada en el primer semestre, puede explicarse por los cambios observados en la distribución de horas trabajadas. En primer lugar, se combina información sobre el número de horas trabajadas, el sector, el género y la edad de la Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA) y el consumo de la Encuesta Financiera de las Familias (EFF) para estimar el cambio potencial en el gasto asociado a la evolución en el número de horas trabajadas para diversos grupos poblacionales (definidos según la edad, el género y la educación). Las estimaciones proporcionan también información sobre los grupos poblacionales cuyo gasto se ha visto más afectado por la caída del número de horas (los de bajo nivel educativo y con edades menores de 55 años). En un segundo paso, se comparan los cambios potenciales y los observados en el consumo de acuerdo con la CES para obtener la contribución de los cambios en las horas trabajadas a la evolución del gasto frente a la de otros factores (como el gasto pospuesto). Los resultados indican que los cambios en las horas trabajadas pueden explicar casi la mitad de la recuperación del consumo durante el tercer trimestre de 2020. Se analizan también las perspectivas de gasto futuro. El análisis basado en la información cualitativa contenida en la encuesta CES sobre este aspecto indica que en 2020 las perspectivas de gasto de los hogares con distinto nivel de ingresos eran similares, a pesar de que las familias de mayores rentas acumularon un volumen de ahorro forzoso mayor en este período. En 2021, una vez superada la fase de mayor incertidumbre sobre la situación económica y sanitaria, los hogares de mayores rentas presentaban también mejores perspectivas de gasto. Ello sugiere que la bolsa de ahorro acumulada durante la pandemia podría contribuir a imprimir un mayor vigor a la recuperación del consumo cuando la incertidumbre sobre la situación económica y sanitaria se disipe. Asimismo, los individuos que han sufrido ajustes en el número de horas trabajadas (especialmente, aquellos que han pasado a estar desempleados) parecen ser más pesimistas sobre la evolución de sus perspectivas laborales futuras. Ello incide, a su vez, sobre sus perspectivas de gasto, y sugiere que la consolidación de la recuperación en el mercado de trabajo observada recientemente desempeñará un papel determinante a la hora de explicar la senda futura del consumo.This article analyzes the link between household consumption and its determinants during the pandemic in Spain. For this purpose, both quantitative and qualitative data on consumption included in the Consumer Survey Expectations (CES) carried out by the European Central Bank are used. First, we construct a consumption index on the basis of its qualitative data on spending trends during the pandemic, and its heterogeneity across population groups points towards both unsatisfied consumption (due to existing restrictions on consumption) and the deterioration in the labor market being drivers of the decline of consumption during the pandemic. Likewise, the results show that, in line with the less stringent measures in place to control the pandemic, the strong negative link between income levels and consumption developments (linked to forced savings) has moderated in 2021 (with data up to August) with respect to the previous year. Then, we estimate what proportion of the recovery in household expenditure during the third quarter of 2020, after the large decline observed in the first semester, can be explained by the observed changes in the distribution of hours worked. First, we combine information on hours, industry, gender and age in the Spanish Labor Force Survey and consumption in the Spanish Survey on Household Finances (EFF) to estimate the potential change in expenditure associated with the change of hours worked for different population groups (age, gender, and education level). Those estimations also inform about the groups of the population whose expenditure has been most affected by the pandemic (low-schooling and individuals below 55 years of age). In a second step, we then compare potential and actual changes in consumption observed in the ECB's Consumer Expectation Survey to gauge quantitative contribution of changes in hours to the evolution of expenditure vs other factors (such as postponed expenditure)

Psychological distress in health sciences college students and its relationship with academic engagement

P. 715-722Objective: To determine the prevalence of psychological distress and its relationship with academic engagement (absorption, dedication and vigor), sex and degree among students from four public universities. Method: A non-experimental, comparative correlational, quantitative investigation without intervention. Study population: 1840 nursing and physical therapy students. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire. Results: A 32.2% prevalence of psychological distress was found in the subjects; a correlation between vigor and psychological distress was found for all of the subjects and also for women. High absorption and dedication scores and low psychological distress scores predicted higher vigor scores. Conclusion: The risk of psychological distress is high, especially for women. Women seem to have a higher level of psychological distress than men. Vigor, energy and mental resilience positively influence psychological distress and can be a vehicle for better results during the learning and studying process.S

Mural Endocarditis: The GAMES Registry Series and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Mural infective endocarditis (MIE) is a rare type of endovascular infection. We present a comprehensive series of patients with mural endocarditis. Methods: Patients with infectious endocarditis (IE) from 35 Spanish hospitals were prospectively included in the GAMES registry between 2008 and 2017. MIEs were compared to non-MIEs. We also performed a literature search for cases of MIE published between 1979 and 2019 and compared them to the GAMEs series. Results: Twenty-seven MIEs out of 3676 IEs were included. When compared to valvular IE (VIE) or device-associated IE (DIE), patients with MIE were younger (median age 59 years, p \0.01). Transplantation (18.5% versus 1.6% VIE and 2% DIE, p \ 0.01), hemodialysis (18.5% versus 4.3% VIE and 4.4% DIE, p = 0.006), catheter source (59.3% versus 9.7% VIE and 8.8% DIE, p \ 0.01) and Candida etiology (22.2% versus 2% DIE and 1.2% VIE, p \ 0.01) were more common in MIE, whereas the Charlson Index was lower (4 versus 5 in non MIE, p = 0.006). Mortality was similar.MIE from the literature shared many characteristics with MIE from GAMES, although patients were younger (45 years vs. 56 years, p \ 0.001), the Charlson Index was lower (1.3 vs. 4.3, p = 0.0001), catheter source was less common (13.9% vs. 59.3%) and there were more IVDUs (25% vs. 3.7%). S. aureus was the most frequent microorganism (50%, p = 0.035). Systemic complications were more common but mortality was similar. Conclusion: MIE is a rare entity. It is often a complication of catheter use, particularly in immunocompromised and hemodialysis patients. Fungal etiology is common. Mortality is similar to other IEs

Orthoxenografts of testicular germ cell tumors demonstrate genomic changes associated with cisplatin resistance and identify PDMP as a resensitizing agent

[Purpose] To investigate the genetic basis of cisplatin resistance as efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in the treatment of distinct malignancies is often hampered by intrinsic or acquired drug resistance of tumor cells.[Experimental Design] We produced 14 orthoxenograft transplanting human nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) in mice, keeping the primary tumor features in terms of genotype, phenotype, and sensitivity to cisplatin. Chromosomal and genetic alterations were evaluated in matched cisplatin-sensitive and their counterpart orthoxenografts that developed resistance to cisplatin in nude mice.[Results] Comparative genomic hybridization analyses of four matched orthoxenografts identified recurrent chromosomal rearrangements across cisplatin-resistant tumors in three of them, showing gains at 9q32-q33.1 region. We found a clinical correlation between the presence of 9q32-q33.1 gains in cisplatin-refractory patients and poorer overall survival (OS) in metastatic germ cell tumors. We studied the expression profile of the 60 genes located at that genomic region. POLE3 and AKNA were the only two genes deregulated in resistant tumors harboring the 9q32-q33.1 gain. Moreover, other four genes (GCS, ZNF883, CTR1, and FLJ31713) were deregulated in all five resistant tumors independently of the 9q32-q33.1 amplification. RT-PCRs in tumors and functional analyses in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) indicate that the influence of 9q32-q33.1 genes in cisplatin resistance can be driven by either up- or downregulation. We focused on glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) to demonstrate that the GCS inhibitor DL-threo-PDMP resensitizes cisplatin-resistant germline-derived orthoxenografts to cisplatin[Conclusions] Orthoxenografts can be used preclinically not only to test the efficiency of drugs but also to identify prognosis markers and gene alterations acting as drivers of the acquired cisplatin resistance.Several authors are grateful recipients of predoctoral fellowships: J.M. Piulats from the AECC and F.J. García-Rodríguez from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2002-02265 and FIS: BFU2007-67123; PI10-0222, PI13-01339, and PI16/01898, to A. Villanueva; PI15-00895, to J. Ceron; SAF2013-46063R, to F. Vi nals; PI030264, to ~ X. García-del-Muro), Fundacio La Marat o TV3 (051430, to F. Vi nals and X. ~ García-del-Muro), Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR364, to A. Villanueva and F. Vinals; FIS09/0059, to A. Morales), cofunded by FEDER funds/ ~ European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) — a way to Build Europe. A. Villanueva received a BAE11/00073 grant. We thank the staff of the Animal Core Facility of IDIBELL for mouse care and maintenance.Peer reviewe

Sin / Sense

Sexto desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere «Purificación Escribano» de la Universitat Jaume

La organización y atención a la diversidad en centros de educación secundaria de Iberoamérica. Reflexiones y experiencias

La organización y atención a la diversidad en centros de educación secundaria de Iberoamérica. Reflexiones y experiencias" es el nuevo título de la Serie Informes de RedAGE. La misma recoge la visión de 41 especialistas de 13 países iberoamericanos sobre la realidad y perspectivas de la atencion a la diversidad en centros de educación secundaria. La focalización, en esta etapa educativa, tiene que ver con la consideración de que, actualmente, es el momento de la escolarización donde se producen más abandonos y donde se abren o limitan posibilidades para el posible acceso a estudios superiores de los más capacitados. La orientación de los escritos tiene que ver con las finalidades y objetivos de la Red de Apoyo a la Gestion Educativa (RedAGE); también con el convencimiento, por parte de los que escriben, de que el contexto organizativo actúa como un amplificador o limitador de las actuaciones dirigidas a la formación de los escolares

Nuevos escenarios para la docencia universitaria : entornos híbridos y pedagogías emergentes.

Memorias del IX Simposio Internacional de Docencia Universitaria (SIDU)Los trabajos reunidos en esta Memoria representan una contribución importante al campo de la educación y de la docencia universitaria, en tanto muestran distintas maneras de responder a las problemáticas educativas cotidianas y presentan propuestas para afrontar los retos emergentes en el campo de la educación superior. Invitamos a los lectores a realizar una lectura atenta y crítica de los trabajos compilados en esta publicación. Estamos seguros de que este acercamiento propiciará la reflexión y el análisis riguroso de los objetos de estudio abordados por los autores, y estimulará la generación de nuevos proyectos de investigación, intervención e innovación educativa que incidan en el desarrollo de mejores prácticas de docencia en educación media superior y superior.Pimera edición digitaldoi.org/10.56019/EDU-CETYS.2024.182