Revisión taxonómica del complejo de Centaurea cyanus L. (Centaurea sect. Cyanus, Asteraceae) en la Península Ibérica

Revisión taxonómica del complejo de Centaurea cyanus L. (Centaurea sect. Cyanus, Asteraceae) en la Península Ibérica. Se ha efectuado la revisión taxonómica de Centaurea sect. Cyanus en la Península Ibérica. Se reconocen seis táxones y se hacen dos nuevas combinaciones: C. triumfettii var. semidecurrens (Jord.) Muñoz Rodr. & Devesa y C. graminifolia (Lam.) Muñoz Rodr. & Devesa. Se aporta una clave para la identificación de los táxones, así como su descripción morfológica e información sobre la distribución geográfica, apetencias ecológicas, fenología y número cromosómico

Revisión del género "Trifolium sect": Trifolium en la Península Ibérica e islas Baleares

Se efectúa una revisión taxonómica de las especies peninsulares de la sect. Trifolium del género Trifolium, en la que se reconoce para este ámbito la presencia de 36 táxones distribuidos en 27 especies, las cuales se agrupan a su vez en 15 subsecciones. Además de la clave para la identificación de los distintos táxones, para cada uno de ellos se ofrece una descripción diagnóstica y datos acerca de su distribución, número cromosómico, ecología y fenología. En todos ellos se incluye la indicación locotipica y se indica el tipo en el caso de que halla sido tipificado. Se realizan dos nuevas combinaciones, T. striatum subsp. brevidens (Lange) A. Muñoz y T. phleoides subsp. willkommii (Chab.) A. Muñoz, la subsect. Difusa A. Muñoz se propone para T. díffusum Ehrh., y se cita T. lucanicum Gasparr. ex Guss. por primera vez para la Península Ibérica

Origen del polen de Artemisia en la atmósfera de Extremadura (SO España)

Using three Hirst volumetric sporetraps Artemisia pollen concentrations in Extremadura has been measured between 1993 and 1998 in Badajoz and between 1996 and 1998 in Cáceres and Mérida. Its presence is very sporadic and the amount limited It appears mainly between August and November, although, in a lesser amount, it is present from January to March. The estimated concentrations never rises to 15 pollen grains per cubic meter of air and the daily concentration sum is lower than 40. As there are scarcely any individual of Artemisia genus in the studied arca its transport from the west of Iberian peninsula, where its distribution is much more important, is discussed. This hypothesis is supported by correlation results between westerly wind and the phenology of the species present in theses areas.Mediante tres captadores volumétricos de tipo Hirst se ha podido conocer la concentración de granos de polen de Artemisia en Extremadura entre 1993 y 1998 para Badajoz y entre 1996 y 1998 para Cáceres y Mérida. Su presencia es muy esporádica y la cantidad reducida, aparece centrada fundamentalmente entre agosto y noviembre, aunque se detectan también en menor cantidad entre enero y marzo, la cantidad encontrada nunca llega a los 15 granos por metro cúbico de media diaria y la suma total de las concentraciones diarias es algo inferior a 40. Dado que apenas existe representación de especies del género Artemisia se discute su transporte desde la parte oriental de la península ibérica donde su concentración es mucho más importante, esta hipótesis es apoyada por los resultados de las correlaciones con los vientos procedentes del este y la fenologfa de las especies presentes en dichas áreas

Nuevas localidades de especies interesantes en Doñana y la costa de Huelva (Sw España)

New floristic records of species for Doñana and Huelva (SW Spain) Palabras clave. Flora, Doñana, Calystegia soldanella, Herniaria cinerea, Trigonella monspeliaca, Viola lactea, Wolffia arrhiza, especies amenazadas.Key words. Flora, Doñana, Calystegia soldanella, Herniaria cinerea, Trigonella monspeliaca, Viola lactea, Wolffia arrhiza, threatened species

The veil of flor’s structure, composition and interactions in biological ageing wines

Biological ageing occurs after fermentation of the grape must and it is due to the appearance of a biofilm on the surface of the wine called "veil of flor". Yeast involved in veil formation are mainly Saccharomyces cerevisiae and they have traditionally been divided into four races according to their ability to metabolize different sugars. The growth of flor yeasts depends on different factors, such as the aerobic assimilation of the wine ethanol, since the medium is deficient in both sugars and nitrogen. Actually, flor yeast metabolism is different from wine S. cerevisiae yeast, but it hasn't been analysed yet. Thus, the aim of this work is to study the diversity of flor yeast strains and to analyse the composition and the structure of the veil of flor in Jerez-Xeres-Sherry D.O. The results of this work revealed 14 different genotypes of S. cerevisiae strains using multiplex-microsatellite PCR and these strains showed 8 different biochemical profiles using a similar procedure than traditionally. In addition, mannose and glucose were found in veil of flor complex using UHPLC-MS

Thermal route for the synthesis of maghemite/hematite core/shell nanowires

Nowadays, iron oxide-based nanostructures are key materials in many technological areas. Their physical and chemical properties can be tailored by tuning the morphology. In particular, the possibility of increasing the specific surface area has turned iron oxide nanowires (NWs) into promising functional materials in many applications. Among the different possible iron oxide NWs that can be fabricated, maghemite/hematite iron oxide core/shell structures have particular importance since they combine the magnetism of the inner maghemite core with the interesting properties of hematite in different technological fields ranging from green energy to biomedical applications. However, the study of these iron oxide structures is normally difficult due to the structural and chemical similarities between both iron oxide polymorphs. In this work, we propose a route for the synthesis of maghemite/hematite NWs based on the thermal oxidation of previously electrodeposited iron NWs. A detailed spectroscopic analysis based on Raman, Mossbauer, and X-ray absorption shows that the ratio of both oxides can be controlled during fabrication. Transmission electron microscopy has been used to check the core/shell structure of the NWs. The biocompatibility and capability of internalization of these NWs have also been proven to show the potential of these NWs in biomedical applications

Some Like It Hot: Maternal-Switching With Climate Change Modifies Formation of Invasive Spartina Hybrids

Climate change can induce temporary, spatial or behavioral changes in species, so that only some species can adapt to the new climatic conditions. In the case of invasive species, it is expected that they will be promoted in a context of global change, given their high tolerance to environmental factors and phenotypic plasticity. Once in the invaded range, these species can hybridize with native species thus introducing their genotype in the native biota. However, the effects that climate change will have on this process of invasion by hybridization remain unclear. We evaluated the historical establishment of the reciprocal hybrids between the native Spartina maritima and the invasive S. densiflora in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Iberian Peninsula) and we related it to climatic changes during the period 1955–2017. Our results showed that, according to their dating based on their rate of lateral expansion rates, the establishment of S. maritima × densiflora and S. densiflora × maritima in the Gulf of Cadiz has occurred in the last two centuries and has been related to changes in air temperature and rainfall during the flowering periods of their parental species, with antagonist impacts on both hybrids. Thus, the hybrid S. densiflora × maritima has been established in years with mild ends of spring and beginning of summer when the flowering of S. maritima lengthened and its pollen production was higher, and it coincided with the beginning of the flowering period of S. densiflora. Moreover, the establishment of this hybrid was related to higher spring/summer rainfalls, probably due to the reduction in salinity in middle marshes. However, the hybrid S. maritima × densiflora, was established mainly in warmer spring/summers in which the proportion of pollen:ovule of S. maritima was reduced favoring its pollination by S. densiflora. As a consequence of the promotion of S. maritima × densiflora with climate change, the native and endangered species S. maritima would be threatened, as both taxa share the same habitat and the hybrid shows a remarkably higher competitive potential