Estimación y evaluación de modelos estructurales centro-periferia

Resulta revelador intentar plasmar la idea referida a un conglomerado de agentes que constituyan un núcleo alrededor del cual gire la actividad objeto de estudio. La concepción de una estructura formada por un centro y una periferia, constituye un paradigma clásico y recurrente en muchos campos de la ciencia. Siguiendo esta línea, los investigadores Stephen Borgatti y Martin Everett desarrollan un modelo estructural en 1999 basado en la delimitación de un centro formado por un conjunto de actores fuertemente relacionados, esto es, un grupo cohesivo y con alta densidad de interrelaciones. En contraposición, los agentes dispersos y poco conectados de la red delimitan la periferia del sistema. El enfoque original de los autores es modificado empleando medidas que creemos, aportan un mayor grado de coherencia y exactitud a los objetivos planteados. En este trabajo, sin perdida de generalidad nos centramos en la estimación y posteriormente en la evaluación, de modelos centro-periferia basados en grafos valorados.The conception of a structure made up of a core and periphery is a common, classic paradigm in many fields of science. Following this line, in 1999 researchers Stephen Borgatti and Martin Everett developed a model of structural analysis based on the delimitation of a core formed by a group of densely connected actors, in contrast to a class of actors, more loosely connected and forming the periphery of the system. The original approach of these authors is modified, employing measures that, in our opinion, show a larger degree of coherence and accuracy in the proposed objectives

Gender-based violence attitudes and dating violence experiences of students in nursing and other health sciences: a multicentre cross-sectional study

[Abstract] Background: Gender-based violence is a major public health problem. Healthcare providers' ability to identify this type of violence and support victims may be influenced by their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs, which requires solid education. Objectives: To identify the gender-based violence attitudes and dating violence experiences of students in nursing and other health sciences. Design: A multicentre cross-sectional study was performed. Settings: This study was conducted in three faculties of the University of A Coruña, Spain. Participants: Participants were undergraduate students of nursing, podiatry, occupational therapy, and physiotherapy. Methods: The Attitudes towards Gender and Violence Questionnaire and the Dating Violence Questionnaire were used from October 2019 to March 2020. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated to determine associated factors and identify differences in gender-based violence attitudes and dating violence experiences between sexes and degrees. Results: Data from 459 students were analysed, of whom 180 (39.2 %) studied nursing. The mean age was 20.9 (SD = 3.6) and 76.0 % were women. Statistically significant differences were obtained in attitudes towards gender-based violence according to sex where men displayed more sexist attitudes and violence justification. Results showed a significant difference in attitudes regarding the biological usefulness of sexism and violence between students of nursing and other health sciences. 61.9 % of students had experienced one or more abusive behaviours in relationships; no significant differences were detected according to the degree. However, male students experienced dating violence more often than females. It was observed that students who had suffered dating violence showed greater agreement with sexist attitudes that justify violence. Conclusion: Students of health sciences, particularly males and nursing students, show sexist attitudes that justify gender-based violence. They also frequently experience dating violence, especially psychological violence. It is necessary to intensify or include education on these types of violence in the curricula of degrees in health sciences

Assessing the quality of tests : revision of the EFPA review model

Background: Diverse national and international organizations have been developing projects for many years to improve testing practices. The main goal of this paper is to present the revised model of the European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations (EFPA) for the evaluation of the quality of tests. This model aims to provide test users with rigorous information about the theoretical, practical and psychometric characteristics of tests, in order to enhance their use. Method: For the revision of the test review model, an EFPA task force was established, consisting of six European experts from different countries, who worked on the update of the previous European model, adapting it to the recent developments in the field of psychological and educational measurement. Results: The updated EFPA model provides for the comprehensive evaluation of tests. The first part describes test characteristics exhaustively, and in the second part, a quantitative and narrative evaluation of the most relevant psychometric characteristics of tests is presented. Conclusions: A revision of the European model for the description and evaluation of psychological and educational tests is presented. The revised model is analyzed in light of recent developments in the field

Efficacy of short-course colchicine treatment in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia and hyperinflammation: a randomized clinical trial

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si lo hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMSome patients with COVID-19 pneumonia develop an associated cytokine storm syndrome that aggravates the pulmonary disease. These patients may benefit of anti-inflammatory treatment. The role of colchicine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and established hyperinflammation remains unexplored. In a prospective, randomized controlled, observer-blinded endpoint, investigator-initiated trial, 240 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and established hyperinflammation were randomly allocated to receive oral colchicine or not. The primary efficacy outcome measure was a composite of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (CPAP or BiPAP), admission to the intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation requirement or death. The composite primary outcome occurred in 19.3% of the total study population. The composite primary outcome was similar in the two arms (17% in colchicine group vs. 20.8% in the control group; p = 0.533) and the same applied to each of its individual components. Most patients received steroids (98%) and heparin (99%), with similar doses in both groups. In this trial, including adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and associated hyperinflammation, no clinical benefit was observed with short-course colchicine treatment beyond standard care regarding the combined outcome measurement of CPAP/BiPAP use, ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation or deat

Characterization of endosperm proteins and bread-making quality in wheat breeding lines carrying resistance genes for Mayetiola destructor and/or Heterodera avenae.

The experimental material included thirteen bread wheat-breeding lines that carry genes for resistance to M. destruc¬tor and/or H. avenae. The sources of these resistances are the wild species Ae. triuncialis and Ae. ventricosa (lines TR and H-93, respectively) (Delibes et al. 1993, 1997; Romero et al. 1998). We have determined the composition in HMW-glutenin subunits (related with bread-making quality), puroindoline proteins (related with hardness of grain), and waxy proteins (related with starch viscosity). In addition to, of prolamins by electrophoresis SDS-PAGE indicated the homogeneity of the lines

Asignatura de centro biosanitario: Implicaciones del género en la salud

Memoria ID12-0105. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2012-2013

Elaboración de vídeo digital sobre la autopsia médico-­‐legal para su aplicación docente: examen externo del cadáver

Memoria ID12-0061. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2012-2013

Anemia crónica en el trasplante cardiaco: prevalencia, factores predisponentes y significado pronóstico

[Abstract] Introduction and objectives. Data on chronic anemia following heart transplantation (HT) are scarce and contradictory. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of chronic anemia after HT, to identify predisposing factors for the condition at 12 months, and to evaluate its influence on mediumterm and long-term survival. Methods. Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent HT between 1991 and 2005 (n=457). Chronic anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level <12 g/dL. Results. The prevalence of post-HT chronic anemia was 75.5% at 1 month, 31% at 12 months, and 26.2% at 120 months. The condition was significantly more prevalent among women than men. Predisposing factors for chronic anemia 1 year post-HT were mild-to-moderate chronic renal failure (ie, creatinine level > 1.5 mg/dL; odds ratio [OR]=2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-5.0), female sex (OR=6.4; 95% CI, 3.1-13.2), and immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil compared with azathioprine (OR=2.6; 95% CI, 1.4-4.8). The prevalence of chronic anemia 12 months after HT was independent of the donor's sex, the recipient's age, the etiology of the recipient's heart failure, diabetes mellitus, mild-to-moderate graft rejection, cytomegalovirus infection, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment. The presence of chronic anemia 12 months after HT did not influence either long-term survival (mean, 11.5 years with chronic anemia vs 13.0 years without) or actuarial survival. Conclusions. Post-HT chronic anemia is common, but improves with time and treatment. Predisposing factors for the condition 1 year post-HT include chronic renal failure, female sex, and immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil. The presence of chronic anemia does not appear to influence long-term survival.[Resumen] Introducción y objetivos. La información disponible sobre anemia crónica (AC) en pacientes con trasplante cardiaco (TC) es escasa y discordante. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar la prevalencia de AC en pacientes post-TC, factores predisponentes de AC a 12 meses y su significa-do pronóstico a medio y largo plazo. Métodos. Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con TC entre 1991 y 2005 (n = 457). AC fue definida como hemoglobina < 12 g/dl. Resultados. La prevalencia de AC post-TC fue del 75,5% a 1 mes, el 31% a los 12 meses y el 26,2% a los 120 meses, significativamente más prevalente en mujeres que en varones. Factores predisponentes de AC a 12 meses: insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) leve-mode-rada (creatinina > 1,5 mg/dl) (odds ratio [OR] = 2,8; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,5-5); sexo femenino (OR = 6,4; IC del 95%, 3,1-13,2), e inmunosupresión con micofenolato mofetilo (MMF) respecto a azatioprina (OR = 2,6; IC del 95%, 1,4-4,8). La prevalencia de AC 1 año tras el TC no se relacionó con el sexo del donante, la edad del receptor, la cardiopatía del receptor, la diabetes mellitus, el rechazo leve o moderado del injerto (= 3A), infección por citomegalovirus o tratamiento con inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de angiotensina. Tener AC a 1 año del TC no supuso diferencias en la supervivencia a largo plazo (tiempo de vida medio con AC, 11,5 años y sin AC, 13 años) ni en la supervivencia actuarial. Conclusiones. La AC post-TC es un problema frecuente que mejora con el tiempo y el tratamiento. La IRC, el sexo femenino y la inmunosupresión con MMF predisponen a AC a los 12 meses del TC. Tener AC no parece influir en la supervivencia a largo plazo

Laboratorio virtual de Neuromarketing para el análisis del Comportamiento del Consumidor

[ES] La presente propuesta de innovación docente tiene como objetivo mejorar la adquisición de las competencias vinculadas a la obtención, análisis e interpretación de datos sobre el Comportamiento del Consumidor, toma de decisiones y trabajo en equipo. Para ello, se integran las TICs en el aula mediante el uso de un laboratorio virtual donde se aplica la técnica de eye-tracking o seguimiento ocular, ampliamente utilizada en Neuromarketing. Los laboratorios virtuales se presentan como una metodología innovadora que permite aumentar la motivación del alumnado, al recibir formación en técnicas de investigación más novedosas que demandan las empresas en el mercado laboral. La propuesta consiste en analizar estímulos de marketing de diversa índole a través del laboratorio virtual, a partir del cual se obtienen datos cualitativos y cuantitativos que pueden exportarse para un análisis más profundo y para la elaboración de futuras estrategias de marketing, con impacto en las organizaciones. En una primera fase, los alumnos realizan el análisis de los estímulos de marketing de forma individual, con el objetivo de que cada uno de ellos aprenda a llevar a cabo un estudio de seguimiento ocular. En una segunda fase, trabajan de forma cooperativa en grupos reducidos para elaborar métricas agregadas de la atención prestada hacia esos estímulos de marketing. Finalmente, manteniendo los grupos, toman decisiones y elaboran estrategias de marketing que permiten mejorar el estímulo inicialmente testado. La aplicación de esta propuesta en el aula ha evidenciado una mejor adquisición de los conceptos teórico-prácticos impartidos en la asignatura, así como un aumento de la motivación y participación por parte del alumnado