483 research outputs found
The Herschel-Quincke tube with modulated branches
The Herschel-Quincke (HQ) tube concept for transmission loss in pipe systems is expanded to include cases of branches with modulated properties. Modulated waveguides, featuring corrugations in their geometry or speed of sound, are known to produce significant reflection even without the parallel branch of the HQ tube. The HQ tube, in its classical form, produces narrow banded transmission loss at frequencies related to the length, wavenumber and cross-section area of the parallel branch. The modulated Herschel-Quincke (MHQ) tube combines these attributes to produce enhanced transmission loss characteristics in terms of both width and number of transmission loss bands. Several modulated profiles for the speed of sound in different branches of the tube are considered and analytical expressions for the transmission loss and resonant conditions are derived. Detailed analysis of periodically stratified branch profiles demonstrates the effectiveness of the MHQ tube for fluid-borne noise attenuation in pipe systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Wave generation and transmission in multi-scale complex media and structured metamaterials (part 2)'
Body Fat Estimation from Surface Meshes using Graph Neural Networks
Body fat volume and distribution can be a strong indication for a person's
overall health and the risk for developing diseases like type 2 diabetes and
cardiovascular diseases. Frequently used measures for fat estimation are the
body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, or the waist-hip-ratio. However,
those are rather imprecise measures that do not allow for a discrimination
between different types of fat or between fat and muscle tissue. The estimation
of visceral (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous (ASAT) adipose tissue volume has
shown to be a more accurate measure for named risk factors. In this work, we
show that triangulated body surface meshes can be used to accurately predict
VAT and ASAT volumes using graph neural networks. Our methods achieve high
performance while reducing training time and required resources compared to
state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks in this area. We furthermore
envision this method to be applicable to cheaper and easily accessible medical
surface scans instead of expensive medical images
The 2003-4 multisite photometric campaign for the Beta Cephei and eclipsing star 16 (EN) Lacertae with an Appendix on 2 Andromedae, the variable comparison star
A multisite photometric campaign for the Beta Cephei and eclipsing variable
16 Lacertae is reported. 749 h of high-quality differential photoelectric
Stromgren, Johnson and Geneva time-series photometry were obtained with ten
telescopes during 185 nights. After removing the pulsation contribution, an
attempt was made to solve the resulting eclipse light curve by means of the
computer program EBOP. Although a unique solution was not obtained, the range
of solutions could be constrained by comparing computed positions of the
secondary component in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram with evolutionary
tracks.
For three high-amplitude pulsation modes, the uvy and the Geneva UBG
amplitude ratios are derived and compared with the theoretical ones for
spherical-harmonic degrees l <= 4. The highest degree, l = 4, is shown to be
incompatible with the observations. One mode is found to be radial, one is l =
1, while in the remaining case l = 2 or 3.
The present multisite observations are combined with the archival photometry
in order to investigate the long-term variation of the amplitudes and phases of
the three high-amplitude pulsation modes. The radial mode shows a
non-sinusoidal variation on a time-scale of 73 yr. The l = 1 mode is a triplet
with unequal frequency spacing, giving rise to two beat-periods, 720.7 d and
29.1 yr. The amplitude and phase of the l = 2 or 3 mode vary on time-scales of
380.5 d and 43 yr.
The light variation of 2 And, one of the comparison stars, is discussed in
the Appendix.Comment: 18 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Spreading of melts
Several mathematical problems that related to the flow and solidification of a hot fluid are studied. The fracture of the crust that forms as the fluid solidifies is also examined
Crack Front Waves and the dynamics of a rapidly moving crack
Crack front waves are localized waves that propagate along the leading edge
of a crack. They are generated by the interaction of a crack with a localized
material inhomogeneity. We show that front waves are nonlinear entities that
transport energy, generate surface structure and lead to localized velocity
fluctuations. Their existence locally imparts inertia, which is not
incorporated in current theories of fracture, to initially "massless" cracks.
This, coupled to crack instabilities, yields both inhomogeneity and scaling
behavior within fracture surface structure.Comment: Embedded Latex file including 4 figure
Asteroseismology of the Beta Cephei star 12 (DD) Lacertae: photometric observations, pulsational frequency analysis and mode identification
We report a multisite photometric campaign for the Beta Cephei star 12
Lacertae. 750 hours of high-quality differential photoelectric Stromgren,
Johnson and Geneva time-series photometry were obtained with 9 telescopes
during 190 nights. Our frequency analysis results in the detection of 23
sinusoidal signals in the light curves. Eleven of those correspond to
independent pulsation modes, and the remainder are combination frequencies. We
find some slow aperiodic variability such as that seemingly present in several
Beta Cephei stars. We perform mode identification from our colour photometry,
derive the spherical degree l for the five strongest modes unambiguously and
provide constraints on l for the weaker modes. We find a mixture of modes of 0
<= l <= 4. In particular, we prove that the previously suspected rotationally
split triplet within the modes of 12 Lac consists of modes of different l;
their equal frequency splitting must thus be accidental.
One of the periodic signals we detected in the light curves is argued to be a
linearly stable mode excited to visible amplitude by nonlinear mode coupling
via a 2:1 resonance. We also find a low-frequency signal in the light
variations whose physical nature is unclear; it could be a parent or daughter
mode resonantly coupled. The remaining combination frequencies are consistent
with simple light-curve distortions.
The range of excited pulsation frequencies of 12 Lac may be sufficiently
large that it cannot be reproduced by standard models. We suspect that the star
has a larger metal abundance in the pulsational driving zone, a hypothesis also
capable of explaining the presence of Beta Cephei stars in the LMC.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS, in pres
Π€Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ Π²Π½Π΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Introduction: to assess the influence of factors independently associated with arterial and venous thrombosis in women aged 18-44 years outside pregnancy.Material and methods. The case-control study included 319 women: the cases group included 134 patients with verified arterial and venous thrombosis, the control group included 185 patients without thrombosis. inclusion criteria: age 18-44 years; the presence of the first episode of instrumental^ verified arterial or venous thrombosis; consent to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria: pregnancy; the postpartum period up to 6 weeks at the time of thrombosis; mental disorders and mental illness. All women underwent clinical examination, collection of somatic and obstetric history, testing for biochemical parameters, hereditary and acquired thrombophilia. To quantify the independent relationships of risk factors with thrombotic events, the multiple logistic regression method was used.Results. In the group of cases, venous thrombosis was in 75% women, arterial thrombosis - in 25%. Ischemic strokes prevailed in the structure of arterial thrombosis. The most common trigger was the use of estrogen-progestin containing contraceptives in combination with other risk factors. In 23 cases (17.2%) the thrombosis were unprovoked. The proportion of women β₯ 40 years old, smoking intensity; family history of VTE in relatives up to 50 years of age, dyslipidemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, comorbidity, and the presence of thrombophilia met with a higher frequency in the group of cases. Independent factors associated with the development of arterial and venous thrombosis in young women were: the presence of diseases of the gallbladder (OR = 12,1 95% CI 2.5-67.5), cardiovascular diseases (OR = 10.2; 95% CI 3.6-29.1); total cholesterol level (OR = 7.7; 95% CI 4.4-13.5); respiratory diseases (OR = 3.7; 95% CI 1.0-11.5); the use of combined hormonal contraceptives (OR = 3.4; 95% CI 1.7-6.8); varicose veins of the lower extremities (OR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.0-4.9).Conclusion. The identification of the most important risk factors for arterial and venous thrombosis will expand the understanding of the common pathogenetic way of thrombosis in a population of women of childbearing age and improve their personalized prognosis and early prevention.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 18-44 Π»Π΅Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Β«ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ - ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΒ» Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 319 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½: Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Β«Π‘Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈΒ» Π²ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ 134 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π² Β«ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΒ» - 185 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΊ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ 18-44 Π»Π΅Ρ; Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π°; ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ: Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ-Π³ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠ°-Π₯ΠΠ§; ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ 6 Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π°; ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·Π°, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Ρ (75%), Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Ρ (25%) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π° Π±ΡΠ» Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΊ (2,2%). ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π³Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π£ 23 ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ (17,2%) ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π³Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ. Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Β«Π‘Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈΒ» ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ β₯ 40 Π»Π΅Ρ; ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ; Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ’ΠΠ Π΄ΠΎ 50 Π»Π΅Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² 1-ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ, Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ
ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ: Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ (ΠΠ¨ = 12,1, 95% ΠΠ 2,5-67,5), Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (ΠΠ¨ = 10,2; 95% ΠΠ 3,6-29,1); ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° (ΠΠ¨ = 7,7; 95% ΠΠ 4,4-13,5); Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΠ¨ = 3,7; 95% ΠΠ 1,0-11,5); ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² (ΠΠ¨ = 3,4 ΠΠ 1,7-6,8); Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ· Π²Π΅Π½ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ (ΠΠ¨ = 2,5; 95% ΠΠ 1,0-4,9).ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ
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