Our Knowledge of High-Mass Star Formation at the Dawn of Herschel

We review the theories and observations of high-mass star formation emphasizing the differences with those of low-mass star formation. We hereafter describe the progress expected to be achieved with Herschel, thanks notably to Key Programmes dedicated to the earliest phases of high-mass star formation.Comment: 16 page

Massive Infrared-Quiet Dense Cores: Unveiling the Initial Conditions of High-Mass Star Formation

As Pr. Th. Henning said at the conference, cold precursors of high-mass stars are now "hot topics". We here propose some observational criteria to identify massive infrared-quiet dense cores which can host the high-mass analogs of Class 0 protostars and pre-stellar condensations. We also show how far-infrared to millimeter imaging surveys of entire complexes forming OB stars are starting to unveil the initial conditions of high-mass star formation

Contribution à la topographie antique de Lugdunum : la porte monumentale et l’espace funéraire du site de la montée de la Butte

L’article concerne le site antique de la montée de la Butte à Lyon fouillé en 2001, situé sur la rive gauche de la Saône, à l’angledu quai Saint-Vincent et de la montée de la Butte, dans le premier arrondissement. Il traite des dernières phases d’occupation du site, caractérisées par la construction d’une porte monumentale, le creusement d’un fossé et l’installation d’un espace funéraire dans le courant du iie s.La porte contrôlait une voie longeant la rive gauche de la Saône et délimitait un espace urbain dont l’étendue et le statut sont difficiles à préciser. Associée à une enceinte, cette porte était-elle essentiellement symbolique ou s’agissait-il d’un ensemble architectural exclusivement défensif ? Outre l’intérêt considérable qu’apporte la découverte inédite d’un élément de l’enceinte de Lugdunum, l’étude de l’espace funéraire a fourni des données qui viennent enrichir le corpus des ensembles funéraires périurbains antiques lyonnais.La porte et l’ensemble funéraire sont abandonnés autour de la seconde moitié du ve s. et un four à chaux est construit pour transformer les matériaux calcaires de l’élévation du monument.This paper deals with the Roman site of la Montée de la Butte excavated in 2001 and located on the left bank of the Saône, at the corner of the Saint Vincent quay and the “Montée de la Butte” in Lyon’s first arrondissement. It centres on the last phases of the site characterized by the building of a monumental archway, the digging of a ditch and the founding of a cemetery during the 2nd century AD.The archway controlled a road that ran along the left bank of the Saône and delimited the urban area the expanse and status of which are not known. The archway can be linked to the urban enclosure, but was this ensemble only symbolic or was it an architectural construction for defensive purposes ? In addition to the considerable interest aroused by the discovery of an element of Lugdunum’s city enclosure, the study of the burial area has significantly enriched the funerary data from peripheral Roman cemeteries. The archway and the burial area fell into disuse around the second half of the 5th century AD and a lime oven was built in order to transform the limestone blocks from the monument into quicklime.Gegenstand dieses Artikels ist die 2001 ausgegrabene Fundstätte Montée de la Butte in Lyon auf dem linken Ufer der Saône im 1. Arrondissement, dort, wo die Montée de la Butte auf das Quai Saint-Vincent stößt. Er behandelt die letzten Siedlungsphasen, die durch den Bau eines monumentalen Tors, den Aushub eines Grabens und die Installation eines Grabbereichs im Laufe des 2. Jh. gekennzeichnet sind.Das Tor kontrollierte eine Straße, die am linken Ufer der Saône entlangführte und begrenzte ein städtisches Areal, dessen Ausmaß und Status schwierig zu bestimmen sind. Spielte das zu einer Stadtmauer gehörige Tor hauptsächlich eine symbolische Rolle ? oder handelte es sich um ein Bauwerk mit ausschließlich defensivem Charakter ? Abgesehen von dem Stellenwert der Entdeckung eines Elements der Stadtmauer von Lugdunum haben die bei der Erforschung des Grabbereiches gewonnenen Informationen das Corpus der antiken stadtnahen Nekropolen bereichert.Das Tor und der Friedhof werden um die zweite Hälfte des 5. Jh. aufgegeben und es wird ein Kalkofen für die Verarbeitung der Kalksteine des Bauwerks gebaut

ALMA-IMF VIII -- Combination of Interferometric Continuum Images with Single-Dish Surveys and Structural Analysis of Six Protoclusters

We present the combination of ALMA-IMF and single-dish continuum images from the Mustang-2 Galactic Plane Survey (MGPS90) at 3 millimeters and the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) at 1 millimeter. Six and ten out of the fiffteen ALMA-IMF fields are combined with MGPS90 and BGPS, respectively. The combination is made via the feathering technique. We used the dendrogram algorithm throughout the combined images, and performed further analysis in the six fields with combination in both bands (G012.80, W43-MM1, W43-MM2, W43-MM3, W51-E, W51-IRS2). In these fields, we calculated spectral index maps and used them to separate regions dominated by dust or free-free emission, and then performed further structural analysis. We report the basic physical parameters of the dust-dominated (column densities, masses) and ionized (emission measures, hydrogen ionization photon rates) structures. We also searched for multi-scale relations in the dust-dominated structures across the analyzed fields, finding that the fraction of mass in dendrogram leaves (which we label as "Leaf Mass Eficiency", LME) as a function of molecular gas column density follows a similar trend: a rapid, exponential-like growth, with maximum values approaching 100% in most cases. The observed behaviour of the LME with gas column is tentatively interpreted as an indicator of large star formation activity within the ALMA-IMF protoclusters. W51-E and G012.80 stand out as cases with comparatively large and reduced potential for further star formation, respectively.Comment: Accepted to The Astrophysical Journal Supplemen

Clinical practice guidelines for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing

BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene pathogenic variants account for most hereditary breast cancer and are increasingly used to determine eligibility for PARP inhibitor (PARPi) therapy of BRCA-related cancer. Because issues of BRCA testing in clinical practice now overlap with both preventive and therapeutic management, updated and comprehensive practice guidelines for BRCA genotyping are needed. The integrative recommendations for BRCA testing presented here aim to (1) identify individuals who may benefit from genetic counselling and risk-reducing strategies; (2) update germline and tumour-testing indications for PARPi-approved therapies; (3) provide testing recommendations for personalised management of early and metastatic breast cancer; and (4) address the issues of rapid process and tumour analysis. An international group of experts, including geneticists, medical and surgical oncologists, pathologists, ethicists and patient representatives, was commissioned by the French Society of Predictive and Personalised Medicine (SFMPP). The group followed a methodology based on specific formal guidelines development, including (1) evaluating the likelihood of BRCAm from a combined systematic review of the literature, risk assessment models and expert quotations, and (2) therapeutic values of BRCAm status for PARPi therapy in BRCA-related cancer and for management of early and advanced breast cancer. These international guidelines may help clinicians comprehensively update and standardise BRCA testing practices

From Darkness to Light

Recent (sub)millimeter continuum surveys of nearby starforming regions have revealed a wealth of new, cold cloud fragments. Those which are small-scale (diameter < 10 000 AU), starless, and gravitationally bound are good candidates for being the direct progenitors of protostars, i.e., the structures within which individual protostellar collapse is initiated. The mass spectrum of these protocluster condensations is reminiscent of the stellar initial mass function (IMF), suggesting the IMF is partly determined by cloud fragmentation at the pre-stellar stage of star formation

Quinolones in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.

Because of their antimicrobial activity and pharmacologic properties, fluoroquinolones should be particularly suitable for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections, although they might be less efficient in pneumococcal diseases. In fact, the overall clinical success rate of enoxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, and ciprofloxacin is greater than 85%, and their efficacy compares favorably with that of other antibiotics. For acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, however, beta-lactam or macrolide agents probably remain a first choice unless sputum reveals gram-negative pathogens; in the same way, drugs other than quinolones seem better indicated in community-acquired pneumonia because of the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in these infections. In contrast, nosocomial pulmonary infections due to gram-negative pathogens should be excellent candidates for therapy with new quinolones. These drugs, used with or without erythromycin and rifampin, might be useful in the treatment of legionnaires' disease.Journal ArticleReviewinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Liens entre la formation des nuages moléculaires et des étoiles massives

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Infections de prothese. Presentation du probleme

Various foreign bodies (prosthesis, vascular catheters, ) are now widely used. The infection of these prosthesis - « privileged sanctuary for infection- is of low incidence for most of them ;however, clinical consequences of such infections are often disastrous. The various modes of contamination of the prosthetic material (per operative contamination or late graft seeding) are discussed, as well as the principles of antibiotic prophylaxis to avoid a bactériemic graft on the medical device. Insidious clinical features of many prosthesis infections are emphasized, as well as the difficult interpretation of bacteriological samples taken at the site of presumed infection. Some experimental modes of prevention of foreign bodies infections are briefly presented. © 1987.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe