466 research outputs found
Boronic Acid Derivatives Targeting HIV-1
A series of novel boronic acid derivatives containing either a pyrimidine or purine base was synthesized. The preparation involved the condensation of 4-bromobutyl boronic acid with the appropriate base. These acyclic nucleosides were designed as potential antiviral agents especially targeting the human immunodeficiency virus. Two analogues, 6-chloro-9-(4-dihydroxyborylbutyl)purine and 2,6-dichloro-9-(4-dihydroxyborylbutyl)purine, exhibited EC50 values of 7.7 µM and 0.99 µM, respectively, in an HIV-1 syncytial plaque reduction assay
On the exact gravitational lens equation in spherically symmetric and static spacetimes
Lensing in a spherically symmetric and static spacetime is considered, based
on the lightlike geodesic equation without approximations. After fixing two
radius values r_O and r_S, lensing for an observation event somewhere at r_O
and static light sources distributed at r_S is coded in a lens equation that is
explicitly given in terms of integrals over the metric coefficients. The lens
equation relates two angle variables and can be easily plotted if the metric
coefficients have been specified; this allows to visualize in a convenient way
all relevant lensing properties, giving image positions, apparent brightnesses,
image distortions, etc. Two examples are treated: Lensing by a
Barriola-Vilenkin monopole and lensing by an Ellis wormhole.Comment: REVTEX, 11 pages, 12 eps-figures, figures partly improved, minor
revision
Nonorientable spacetime tunneling
Misner space is generalized to have the nonorientable topology of a Klein
bottle, and it is shown that in a classical spacetime with multiply connected
space slices having such a topology, closed timelike curves are formed.
Different regions on the Klein bottle surface can be distinguished which are
separated by apparent horizons fixed at particular values of the two angular
variables that eneter the metric. Around the throat of this tunnel (which we
denote a Klein bottlehole), the position of these horizons dictates an ordinary
and exotic matter distribution such that, in addition to the known diverging
lensing action of wormholes, a converging lensing action is also present at the
mouths. Associated with this matter distribution, the accelerating version of
this Klein bottlehole shows four distinct chronology horizons, each with its
own nonchronal region. A calculation of the quantum vacuum fluctuations
performed by using the regularized two-point Hadamard function shows that each
chronology horizon nests a set of polarized hypersurfaces where the
renormalized momentum-energy tensor diverges. This quantum instability can be
prevented if we take the accelerating Klein bottlehole to be a generalization
of a modified Misner space in which the period of the closed spatial direction
is time-dependent. In this case, the nonchronal regions and closed timelike
curves cannot exceed a minimum size of the order the Planck scale.Comment: 11 pages, RevTex, Accepted in Phys. Rev.
On the warp drive space-time
In this paper the problem of the quantum stability of the two-dimensional
warp drive spacetime moving with an apparent faster than light velocity is
considered. We regard as a maximum extension beyond the event horizon of that
spacetime its embedding in a three-dimensional Minkowskian space with the
topology of the corresponding Misner space. It is obtained that the interior of
the spaceship bubble becomes then a multiply connected nonchronal region with
closed timelike curves and that the most natural vacuum allows quantum
fluctuations which do not induce any divergent behaviour of the re-normalized
stress-energy tensor, even on the event (Cauchy) chronology horizon. In such a
case, the horizon encloses closed timelike curves only at scales close to the
Planck length, so that the warp drive satisfies the Ford's negative energy-time
inequality. Also found is a connection between the superluminal two-dimensional
warp drive space and two-dimensional gravitational kinks. This connection
allows us to generalize the considered Alcubierre metric to a standard,
nonstatic metric which is only describable on two different coordinate patchesComment: 7 pages, minor comment on chronology protection added, RevTex, to
appear in Phys. Rev.
Cylindrical thin-shell wormholes
A general formalism for the dynamics of non rotating cylindrical thin-shell
wormholes is developed. The time evolution of the throat is explicitly obtained
for thin-shell wormholes whose metric has the form associated to local cosmic
strings. It is found that the throat collapses to zero radius, remains static
or expands forever, depending only on the sign of its initial velocity.Comment: 10 page
Fine mapping of ZNF804A and genome-wide significant evidence for its involvement in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Fine mapping of ZNF804A and genome-wide significant evidence for its involvement in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Fine mapping of ZNF804A and genome-wide significant evidence for its involvement in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
The PHENIX Experiment at RHIC
The physics emphases of the PHENIX collaboration and the design and current
status of the PHENIX detector are discussed. The plan of the collaboration for
making the most effective use of the available luminosity in the first years of
RHIC operation is also presented.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. Further details of the PHENIX physics program
available at http://www.rhic.bnl.gov/phenix
Anisotropy studies around the galactic centre at EeV energies with the Auger Observatory
Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory are analyzed to search for
anisotropies near the direction of the Galactic Centre at EeV energies. The
exposure of the surface array in this part of the sky is already significantly
larger than that of the fore-runner experiments. Our results do not support
previous findings of localized excesses in the AGASA and SUGAR data. We set an
upper bound on a point-like flux of cosmic rays arriving from the Galactic
Centre which excludes several scenarios predicting sources of EeV neutrons from
Sagittarius . Also the events detected simultaneously by the surface and
fluorescence detectors (the `hybrid' data set), which have better pointing
accuracy but are less numerous than those of the surface array alone, do not
show any significant localized excess from this direction.Comment: Matches published versio
- …