The Spanish technical change : a regional and a dynamic analysis (1994-2007)

Studying wage dispersion, many researchers have found that the skill premium (the ratio of skilled workers¿ wages to unskilled ones) has increased after 1979 in many developed countries, when there was a very sharp increase in the supply of skilled workers. The recent consensus is that technical change favours skilled workers, replacing tasks previously performed by the unskilled and exacerbating inequality. In the Spanish case, Nuñez and Alfaro (2009) have found evidences of a decline in the wage premium during the nineties. So, in this paper, we distinguish between skilled and unskilled workers differentiating the efficiency units of both types of workers. Moreover, we calculate the Spanish technology frontier and the technology differences between the Spanish Regions in 2006 and we analyze the evolution of the Spanish technology frontier over 1994-2007, testing the kind of technical change. In addition, a coherent Spanish wage micro-data base is achieved, using data from Eurostat: ECHP and EU-SILC

Plataforma docente de levitación magnética controlada por un PLC programable a través de Internet

En los últimos años la educación a distancia ha cobrado una gran importancia dentro del panorama docente. Muchos son los motivos que han favorecido el desarrollo de este tipo de educación, pero sin duda, el desarrollo de la tecnología de control y automatización ha tenido una importancia relevante. Gracias a esta tecnología, se pueden crear laboratorios remotos, facilitando de este modo el acceso de los estudiantes a material práctico. El siguiente proyecto consiste en la elaboración de un laboratorio remoto, basado en un electroimán mediante el cual se tendrá control sobre un accionamiento a través de Internet. De esta forma, se permite a los estudiantes la posibilidad de disponer de material práctico para la automatización a distancia, durante las 24 h del día. En la primera parte del proyecto a modo de introducción se da una visión general de diferentes laboratorios remotos existentes en la actualidad. Seguidamente se lleva a cabo la construcción de la plataforma, en primer lugar se busca el modelo matemático que define la dinámica del sistema a desarrollar, seguidamente se realizan unas simulaciones del modelo matemático encontrado. Una vez estudiado el modelo se procede a construir la plataforma. La plataforma dispone de un autómata programable Wago I/O System 750, con módulo de conexión a Internet, mediante el cual el usuario puede acceder al control del laboratorio desde cualquier ordenador que disponga del software abierto de programación CoDeSys y una conexión a Internet. Esta conexión permite la descarga del programa de control al autómata. Finalmente, se proponen los enunciados de una serie de prácticas destinadas a realizarse mediante la plataforma previamente construida

Estudio descriptivo del insomnio en dos unidades de hemodiálisis. Aplicación de un programa educacional sobre higiene del sueño

Objetivos. Conocer la prevalencia del insomnio, así como las variables y factores desencadenantes en nuestros pacientes de hemodiálisis, para que conociendo el problema, estemos en condiciones de poder ayudarles mediante un programa educacional a adquirir hábitos saludables que favorezcan el sueño

Valoración del estado nutricional por parámetros antropométricos en dos unidades de hemodiálisis

Objetivos. Conocer el estado nutricional de los pacientes en nuestra unidad que nos sirva de guía para preparar la metodología de intervención

Total polyphenol content in food samples and nutraceuticals: antioxidant indices versus high performance liquid chromatography

The total content of polyphenols and the antioxidant capacity have been estimated in various food and nutraceutical samples including cranberry, raspberry, artichoke, grapevine, green tea, coffee, turmeric, and other medicinal plant extracts. Samples have been analyzed by using two antioxidant assays ¿ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Folin-Ciocalteu (FC)¿ and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) focused on providing compositional fingerprints dealing with polyphenolic compounds. A preliminary data exploration by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has revealed that HPLC fingerprints are suitable chemical descriptors to classify the analyzed samples according to their nature. Besides, chromatographic data have been correlated with antioxidant data using partial least squares (PLS) regression. Regression models have shown a good prediction capacity to estimate the antioxidant activity from chromatographic data, with determination coefficients (R2) of 0.971 and 0.983 for FRAP and FC assays, respectively

Parasitics Impact on the Performance of Rectifier Circuits in Sensing RF Energy Harvesting

This work presents some accurate guidelines for the design of rectifier circuits in radiofrequency (RF) energy harvesting. New light is shed on the design process, paying special attention to the nonlinearity of the circuits and the modeling of the parasitic elements. Two different configurations are tested: a Cockcroft–Walton multiplier and a half-wave rectifier. Several combinations of diodes, capacitors, inductors and loads were studied. Furthermore, the parasitics that are part of the circuits were modeled. Thus, the most harmful parasitics were identified and studied in depth in order to improve the conversion e ciency and enhance the performance of self-sustaining sensing systems. The experimental results show that the parasitics associated with the diode package and the via holes in the PCB (Printed Circuit Board) can leave the circuits inoperative. As an example, the rectifier e ciency is below 5% without considering the influence of the parasitics. On the other hand, it increases to over 30% in both circuits after considering them, twice the value of typical passive rectifiers.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Research and Development National Program under projects TIN2016-75097-P, TEC2017-85529-C3-1-R and RTI2018-102002-A-I00

Posterior thalamic nucleus axon terminals have different structure and functional impact in the motor and somatosensory vibrissal cortices

Rodents extract information about nearby objects from the movement of their whiskers through dynamic computations that are carried out by a network of forebrain structures that includes the thalamus and the primary sensory (S1BF) and motor (M1wk) whisker cortices. The posterior nucleus (Po), a higher order thalamic nucleus, is a key hub of this network, receiving cortical and brainstem sensory inputs and innervating both motor and sensory whisker-related cortical areas. In a recent study in rats, we showed that Po inputs differently impact sensory processing in S1BF and M1wk. Here, in C57BL/6 mice, we measured Po synaptic bouton layer distribution and size, compared cortical unit response latencies to “in vivo” Po activation, and pharmacologically examined the glutamatergic receptor mechanisms involved. We found that, in S1BF, a large majority (56%) of Po axon varicosities are located in layer (L)5a and only 12% in L2–L4, whereas in M1wk this proportion is inverted to 18% and 55%, respectively. Light and electron microscopic measurements showed that Po synaptic boutons in M1wk layers 3–4 are significantly larger (~ 50%) than those in S1BF L5a. Electrical Po stimulation elicits different area-specific response patterns. In S1BF, responses show weak or no facilitation, and involve both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, whereas in M1wk, unit responses exhibit facilitation to repetitive stimulation and involve ionotropic NMDA glutamate receptors. Because of the different laminar distribution of axon terminals, synaptic bouton size and receptor mechanisms, the impact of Po signals on M1wk and S1BF, although simultaneous, is likely to be markedly different.This study was supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 (Grant Agreement no. 785907 HBP SGA2) and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad/Fondo Europeo para el Desarrollo Regional (MINECO/FEDER) Grant BFU2017-88549 to F.C., and MINECO/FEDER Grant BFU2012-36107 to A.N

Influencia de un plan de educación sanitaria en alimentación y nutrición para pacientes/familiares en dos unidades de hemodiálisis

Objetivos. Aumentar los conocimientos de los pacientes en hemodiálisis sobre su alimentación y nutrición para mejorar su estado nutricional