Creación de nueva línea de negocio con banano recuperado para la empresa Vameg S.A

En la provincia del Guayas el pequeño productor no tiene la oportunidad de exportar el banano que no es calificado como de primera por lo que tiene que desecharlo o venderlo como desecho lo que se transforman en ingresos que son marginales, esta provincia se presenta como una oportunidad para crear una nueva línea de venta para la empresa VAMEG S.A. con el objetivo de exportar el banano recuperado y de esta manera se favorecen los ingresos de la empresa. La problemática que se presenta es la carencia de nuevas líneas de negocio lo que genera bajos niveles de ingresos en la empresa VAMEG S.A. La presente investigación plantea como objetivo establecer los pasos para establecer una línea de negocios del banano de exportación que no califica como clase A en el mercado del Cono Sur, específicamente en Iquique. El siguiente proyecto empleará la metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa con razonamiento estadístico dentro de la cuantitativa. El procesamiento estadístico permitirá analizar el comportamiento de las ventas en la empresa, para realizar el diagnostico se utiliza el método empírico: la entrevista. El principal resultado fue diseñar la nueva línea de negocio para la empresa y realizar una proyección de sus ingresos en los próximos cinco años que refleja un salto cuantitativo en la gestión. Basado en el resultado de la investigación es factible aplicar la nueva línea de negocio, por la ventaja que tiene para el productor así como para el receptor del producto teniendo en cuenta sus bajos costos.In the province of Guayas Little producer does not have the opportunity to export bananas That is not qualified as first by what you have to discard it or sell it as scrap What are transformed into income that are marginal, This province is presented as a paragraph Opportunity create a new line sales for the Company VAMEG SA with the objective m Export bananas and Recovered de este way the Company Revenue favor. The problem that occurs is the lack of new business What genres low income levels in VAMEG Company S.A. Present Research planted How to set Objective Steps to establish a business line of Banana export does not qualify as Class A Market of the Southern Cone, specifically in Iquique. The next project will use qualitative and quantitative methodology Statistical Reasoning Within the quantitative. · Allow statistical processing to analyze the performance of sales in the Company, to diagnose the empirical method is using: The Interview. Resulted director was to design the new line of business for the company and make a projection of his income in the next five years reflecting a quantum leap in management. Based on the result of research m it is practicable apply the new line of business, for the benefit for having Producer and for the receiver product based on their costs

La asociatividad de productores de chocolate del distrito de Cajamarca – Cajamarca como medio de exportación a Estados Unidos 2022

El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar las ventajas de Asociatividad de productores de chocolate del distrito de Cajamarca - Cajamarca como medio de exportación a Estados Unidos 2022. Para lograr a cabo la investigación se consultó con artículos bibliográficos, cuyos estudios tienen como instrumentos la asociatividad y exportación en el cual está basada en una investigación aplicada con un enfoque cualitativo ya que busca examinar el estado de todos los productores de chocolate del distrito de Cajamarca y plantear una solución. La investigación utiliza un estudio de diseño descriptivo, no experimental con método Inductivo – Deductivo ya que solo analiza el efecto de asociar a los productores de la zona y que a través de esto ellos puedan ingresar a nuevos mercados extranjeros; el instrumento que se utilizó como técnica una encuesta cuyo instrumento es un cuestionario evaluado mediante la escala de Likert. La población está compuesta por 26 productores socios de chocolate de Cajamarca; por ende, la muestra será de 16 productores del distrito de Cajamarca y el tipo de muestreo es no probabilístico. Como resultados tenemos que si la asociatividad es baja y el medio de exportación es bajo la relación entre ambos es 71%, cuando la asociatividad es media y el medio de exportación también entonces la relación entre ambos es un 82%, cuando la asociatividad es alta y el medio de exportación es alto se tiene una relación de 80%, esto se traduce como que, al incrementar la asociatividad se incrementa el medio de exportación. Entonces se llegó a la conclusión por medio de la correlación de Pearson que, si existe una correlación positiva y alta, pues r=0,780 es un valor que se acerca a 1

Validation of a set of compact and low-cost Stokes lenses aimed at refractive astigmatism measurement for optometric practice

We describe the construction and characterization of three Stokes lenses that can be used in optometric practice to measure different ranges of refractive astigmatism using subjective routines. The proposed set of Stokes lenses is assembled from Risley prism mounts coming from a Nidek phoropter in which the optical prisms are replaced by three different sets of cylindrical lenses ( ± 0.75, ± 1.25, and ± 1.75 D) coming from a trial lens case to cover a different astigmatism range (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 D in modulus, respectively). We present the experimental characterization of the three Stokes lenses with the power vector notation and use an automatic lensmeter (Topcon CL-300) for dioptric power measurement. The measured dioptric power profiles are in concordance with the theoretical predictions, and statistical testing reveals no differences between measured and theoretical values for the three lenses, neither in spherical nor in cylindrical components (p ≥ 0.05 for all cases). Bland-Altman plots show very good agreement between measured and theoretical values with limits of agreement below 0.12 D for both M and J components for the three lenses. These Stokes lenses can be easily constructed from regular Risley prism mounts, so they can be used in almost any phoropter model for refractive error compensation

Doubled haploids in eggplant

[EN] This review compiles the most relevant advances made in the production of doubled haploid plants in eggplant, the application of doubled haploid lines in breeding programs, and the future perspectives for the development of alternative technologies for doubled haploid generation in this species. Eggplant is a solanaceous crop cultivated worldwide for its edible fruit. Eggplant breeding programs are mainly aimed to the generation of F1 hybrids by crossing two highly homozygous, pure lines, which are traditionally obtained upon several self crossing generations, which is an expensive and time consuming process. Alternatively, fully homozygous, doubled haploid (DH) individuals can be induced from haploid cells of the germ line in a single generation. Several attempts have been made to develop protocols to produce eggplant DHs principally using anther culture and isolated microspore culture. Eggplant could be considered a moderately recalcitrant species in terms of ability for DH production. Anther culture stands nowadays as the most valuable technology to obtain eggplant DHs. However, the theoretical possibility of having plants regenerated from somatic tissues of the anther walls cannot be ruled out. For this reason, the use of isolated microspores is recommended when possible. This approach still has room for improvement, but it is largely genotype-dependent. In this review, we compile the most relevant advances made in DH production in eggplant, their application to breeding programs, and the future perspectives for the development of other, less genotype-dependent, DH technologies.This research was funded by the Valencian Government, grant number CDEIGENT 2018/023 to RMM and by the Spanish MICINN, grant number PID2020-115763RB-I00 to JMSS. ACS is the recipient of a predoctoral contract from the FPU program of the Spanish Government.Mir Moreno, R.; Calabuig-Serna, A.; Seguí-Simarro, JM. (2021). Doubled haploids in eggplant. Biology. 10(7):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10070685S11610

Desarrollo de la empatía y valores éticos a través de los juegos de rol como innovación para la educación en valores

For some authors, the development of empathy is a central aspect of the development of ethical values. Role-playing games can be the ideal vehicle to transfer learning from fiction to reality. The present study analyzes in an exploratory and descriptive way the scores obtained in the Test of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (TECA) of a total sample of 208 participants. Although no major differences were found between those who had previously participated in role-playing games and those who had not, there was a tendency to obtain higher mean scores than those obtained by the TECA through its scales.Para algunos autores, el desarrollo de la empatía es un aspecto central del desarrollo de los valores éticos. Los juegos de rol pueden ser el vehículo ideal para trasladar aprendizajes de la ficción a la realidad. El presente estudio analiza de forma exploratoria y descriptiva las puntuaciones obtenidas en el Test de Empatía Cognitiva y Afectiva (TECA) de una muestra total de 208 participantes. Aunque no se han hallado grandes diferencias entre las personas que habían participado con anterioridad en juegos de rol y las que no lo habían hecho, si se detecta una tendencia a obtener puntuaciones medias superiores a las que lanza el TECA a través de sus baremos.Universidad Pablo de Olavid

Update on the Effects of Antioxidants on Diabetic Retinopathy: In Vitro Experiments, Animal Studies and Clinical Trials

Current therapies for diabetic retinopathy (DR) incorporate blood glucose and blood pressure control, vitrectomy, photocoagulation, and intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors or corticosteroids. Nonetheless, these techniques have not been demonstrated to completely stop the evolution of this disorder. The pathophysiology of DR is not fully known, but there is more and more evidence indicating that oxidative stress is an important mechanism in the progression of DR. In this sense, antioxidants have been suggested as a possible therapy to reduce the complications of DR. In this review we aim to assemble updated information in relation to in vitro experiments, animal studies and clinical trials dealing with the effect of the antioxidants on DR

Normalized medical information visualization

A new mark-up programming language is introduced in order to facilitate and improve the visualization of ISO/EN 13606 dual model-based normalized medical information. This is the first time that visualization of normalized medical information is addressed and the programming language is intended to be used by medical non-IT professionals.S

Diversity and effective population size of four horse breeds from micro satellite DNA markers in South-Central Mexico

This study assesses genetic diversity and population structure of Quarter Horse, Azteca, Thoroughbred and Creole horses, frequently used for horse dancing competitions in traditional regional festivities. Since most animals in the studied area are used as breeders, the results support the improvement of management strategies, including periodical assessment of these populations to ensure acceptable population sizes and breed integrity, and documenting genetic flow and reproductive management.The South-Central region of Mexico has experienced a sizeable introduction of purebred horses for recreational aims. A study was designed to assess effective population sizes and genetic diversity and to verify the genetic integrity of four horse breeds. Using a 12-microsatellite panel, Quarter Horse, Azteca, Thoroughbred and Creole (CRL) horses were sampled and analysed for diversity and genetic structure. Genetic diversity parameters showed high numbers of heterozygous horses but small effective population sizes in all breeds. Population structure results suggested some degree of admixture of CRL with the other reference breeds. The highly informative microsatellite panel allowed the verification of diversity in introduced horse populations and the confirmation of small effective population sizes, which suggests a risk for future breed integrity

Climatic control on the Holocene hydrology of a playa-lake system in the western Mediterranean

Evaporitic lakes such as playa-lakes are characteristic of many arid regions and are unique environments with respect to fauna and flora, while being very vulnerable to climate and environmental fluctuations and threatened by the current global change scenario. Water balance oscillations in these systems can trigger the precipitation or dissolution of different evaporitic minerals, negatively impacting local biodiversity and economic activities. Here, we study the sedimentary record of a small saline pond from a playa-lake complex in southwestern Iberia in order to reconstruct the paleohydrological evolution of this area and assess potential anthropogenic disturbances. The different proxies studied in the-11.9 ky old sedimentary record of the Laguna de la Ballestera suggest that the greatest lake extension and the highest water levels occurred during the Early Holocene, pointing to the wettest period of the record. Climate transitioned towards more arid conditions during the Middle Holocene, and even more dramatically during the Late Holocene. In this last stage the wetland surface and the water level largely diminished and gypsum precipitation gradually increased pointing towards a negative precipitation/ evapotranspiration balance and lowest water levels. Summer desiccation likely occurred under this scenario, especially after-1.0-0.9 cal ky BP coeval with the Medieval Climate Anomaly, when gypsum content started to rise abruptly. However, this significant gypsum precipitation was only associated with a massive drop in the siliciclastic content and scarce carbonates (dolomite and calcite) during the last-400 years. This evidence suggests a shift from a (semi) permanent to a temporal/seasonal hydrological regime. The environmental evolution of this wetland responded to the general climatic evolution of the western Mediterranean during the Holocene, being mostly controlled by changes in insolation. Our data also show that the environmental response of the studied wetland to natural climate variations was only significantly disturbed by human activities since the 20th century, especially in the second half of the century, deduced by abrupt fluctuations in the siliciclastic, gypsum and organic content in the sediments, as well as by the enhanced sedimentary accumulation rates, probably as a response to changes in the hydroperiod of the lake and in the catchment land use.Peer reviewe

Conscious mobility for urban spaces: case studies review and indicator framework design

A lack of data collection on conscious mobility behaviors has been identified in current sustainable and smart mobility planning, development and implementation strategies. This leads to technocentric solutions that do not place people and their behavior at the center of new mobility solutions in urban centers around the globe. This paper introduces the concept of conscious mobility to link techno-economic analyses with user awareness on the impact of their travel decisions on other people, local urban infrastructure and the environment through systematic big data collection. A preliminary conscious mobility indicator framework is presented to leverage behavioral considerations to enhance urban-community mobility systems. Key factors for conscious mobility analysis have been derived from five case studies. The sample offers regional diversity (i.e., local, regional and the global urban contexts), as well as different goals in the transformation of conventional urban transport systems, from improving public transport efficiency and equipment electrification to mitigate pollution and climate risks, to focusing on equity, access and people safety. The case studies selected provide useful metrics on the adoption of cleaner, smarter, safer and more autonomous mobility technologies, along with novel people-centric program designs to build an initial set of conscious mobility indicators frameworks. The parameters were applied to the city of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon in Mexico focusing on the needs of the communities that work, study and live around the local urban campus of the Tecnologico de Monterrey’s Distrito Tec. This case study, served as an example of how conscious mobility indicators could be applied and customized to a community and region of interest. This paper introduces the first application of the conscious mobility framework for urban communities’ mobility system analysis. This more holistic assessment approach includes dimensions such as society and culture, infrastructure and urban spaces, technology, government, normativity, economy and politics, and the environment. The expectation is that the conscious mobility framework of analysis will become a useful tool for smarter and sustainable urban and mobility problem solving and decision making to enhance the quality of life all living in urban communities