El género Profundulus Hubbs, 1924 (Actinopterygii: Profundulidae): sistemática, filogenia y biogeografía

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología. Fecha de lectura: 31-05-200

Suspensión del servicio de acueducto a sujetos de especial protección constitucional en Risaralda 2015 – 2018

La suspensión del servicio de acueducto a sujetos de especial protección constitucional, tendría fundamento principalmente en la Constitución Política de Colombia; al considerar que niños o niñas, personas de la tercera edad, discapacitados o personas gravemente enfermas, mujeres en estado de embarazo o debilidad manifiesta; también en situaciones cuando se trate de hospitales, establecimientos carcelarios o educativos, tienen una connotación especial ante la ley; así mismo, la postura de la Corte Constitucional fue muy clara en evidenciar en qué casos y bajo qué circunstancias podría realizarse la suspensión del servicio por parte de las empresas prestadoras de los servicios públicos domiciliarios sin vulnerar sus derechos fundamentales.The suspension of the aqueduct service to subjects of special constitutional protection, subjects based mainly on the Political Constitution of Colombia; considering that boys or girls, the elderly, disabled or seriously ill people, women in a state of pregnancy or manifest weakness; also in situations when it comes to hospitals, prison or educational establishments, they have a special connection before the law; likewise, the position of the Constitutional Court was very clear in showing in which cases and under what circumstances they could have the suspension of the service by the companies that provide domiciliary public services without violating their fundamental rights

Estudio de comunidades de matorral mediterráneo II

Conjunto de guiones de prácticas de Ecología, correspondientes al bloque temático sobre el estudio de comunidades, centrado en el análisis de la diversidad de las comunidades presentes en el territorio objeto de estudio, y su respuesta a la perturbación. Acompañan dos archivos Excel de ejemplo, y el simulador de distribuciones de datos de vegetación

The variability of strength production capacities during a judo contest

Background. The muscular response of athletes in a judo contest is one of the most important aspect to measure with precision. Objective. Our purpose was to obtain and analyse the variability of strength associated to muscular performance parameters during a judo contest. Methods. Thirty-five men performed five 5-minute bouts with 15 minutes of passive rest. Immediately after each bout, muscular performance parameters were tested: countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal dynamic strength capacities (mean power velocity (MPV), mean strength (MS), maximum strength (MXS), mean power (MP) and maximum power (MXP)) in upper body, dominant (DHS) and non-dominant handgrip isometric strength (NDHS). ANOVA to compare baseline test data and successive bouts was used. Results. ANOVA revealed significant differences in NDHS (p<0.001), DHS (p<0.001), CMJ (p<0.001), MPV (p<0.001), MXS (p<0.001), MP (p<0.001) and MXP (p<0.001). No significant differences in MS (p = 0.008) were found. Some significant correlations between NDHS and ΔPMX (r=0.368, p=0.050), MPV and ΔMXS (r=0.528, p=0.001) and ΔMXP (r=0.683, p<0.001), MPX and ΔMXS (r=0.528, p=0.001) and ΔMP (r=0.877, p<0.001) were found. Conclusion. Due to judo contest can be considered a high intensity exercise, it produces an amount of muscular fatigue and therefore significant loss strength that it cannot be recovery during rest-times between successive bouts. For this reason, it was a high variability in strength production capacities, which are modified during a judo contest

Fish morphology and passage through velocity barriers. Experience with northern straight-mouth nase (Pseudochondrostoma duriense Coelho, 1985) in an open channel flume

Knowing the relationship between size, morphological traits and swimming performance of fish is essential to understand the swimming capacity to successfully surpass these obstacles and the selective pressure that barriers in rivers and streams could exert on fish. Northern straight-mouth nase, an endemic potamodromous cyprinid fish species from the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, was selected to carry out volitionally swimming performance experiments in an open channel against three different flow velocities, using telemetry and video cameras. The use of thin-plate spline, on 10 landmarks, evidenced unknown patterns linked to velocity barriers. At lower flow velocity, size is the main factor explaining the swimming performance; thus, large individuals swim up more efficiently. In contrast, at high flow velocities, shape becomes the essential explanatory variable; thereby, streamlined body shapes with a higher relative position of the tail and a narrower caudal peduncle are more efficient. The obtained results show the existence of a relationship between fish morphology and swimming performance, with potential consequences due to selection pressures associated with velocity barriers and their implications on behavioural and dispersal processes. To sum up, velocity barriers could exert a selection pressure on nase populations, so the fishway design and removal should be (re)considered

Novel SFRP2 DNA Methylation Profile Following Neoadjuvant Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Different Grades of BMI

The relationship between body weight and different cancers is now well-recognized and among such cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC) is reported most frequently. Our group recently published findings, through an epigenome-wide association study, suggesting that body mass index (BMI) could act as a relevant risk factor in the CRC. In addition, aberrant SFRP2 methylation is one of the major mechanisms for Wnt signaling activation in CRC. Conversely, neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy appears to alter the rectal cancer epigenome. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity, measured by BMI, on the methylation of SFRP2 in tumor samples of patients with CRC. Non-treated CRC patients and CRC patients treated with pre-operative neoadjuvant therapy from 2011 to 2013 were included and classified by BMI 25.0 kg/m2. SFRP2 DNA methylation in tumor samples was measured by pyrosequencing. Our findings suggest a possible interaction between SFRP2 methylation levels and BMI in CRC tumor samples. The correlation of SFRP2 hypomethylation with an elevated BMI was stronger within the non-treated CRC patient group than within the treated CRC patient group. We have successfully demonstrated that the beneficial association of tumor SFRP2 hypomethylation is dependent on patient BMI in non-treated CRC, suggesting a possible tumor suppressor role for SFRP2 in overweight and obese patients. Additional studies of clinical pathologies would be necessary to strengthen these preliminary resultsThis study was supported by “Centros de Investigación En Red” (CIBER, CB06/03/0018) of the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII) and a grant from ISCIII (PI8/01399) and it was co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). M.M.G. was the recipient of the Nicolas Monardes Program from the “Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucía”, Spain (RC-0001-2018 and C-0029-2014). S.M. was the recipient of the Nicolas Monardes Program from the “Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucía”, Spain (C-0050-2017). A.B.C. was funded by a research contract “Miguel Servet” (CP17/00088) from the ISCIII. A.C.-M. was recipient of an FPU grant from Education Ministry, Madrid, SpainS

FishPath: computer application for design of vertical slot fishways

[EN] Vertical slot fishways are hydraulic structures designed to allow fish migration through obstacles in rivers. The appropriate design of these devices depends on an interplay between hydraulic and biological variables, since the hydrodynamic properties of the fishway must meet the requirements of the fish species for which it is intended. This paper presents a computer application to analyze the efficiency of a fishway model according to biological criteria. The proposed model applies restrictions relative to the swimming capacity of fish, their depth requirements and their needs regarding turbulent energy dissipation. It allows the objective comparison of designs and the determination of which is to be more efficient. It is expected that the application can provide guidance to the technicians involved in fishway design regarding the systematic application of hydrobiological criteria, which also incorporate the latest research findings in this field.[ES] Las escalas de peces de hendidura vertical son estructuras hidráulicas diseñadas para permitir la migración de las especies piscícolas a través de obstáculos en ríos. El diseño adecuado de estos dispositivos depende de la interacción entre variables hidráulicas y biológicas, dado que las propiedades hidrodinámicas de la escala deben ajustarse a los requisitos de las especies objetivo. En este artículo se presenta una aplicación informática que analiza la eficiencia de un modelo de escala de acuerdo con criterios biológicos. El modelo propuesto aplica restricciones referidas a la capacidad de natación de los peces, a sus necesidades de calado y a sus requisitos en relación con la energía disipada en forma de turbulencias. Permite así comparar diseños de forma objetiva y determinar cuál será previsiblemente más eficiente. Con esta herramienta se busca facilitar a los técnicos involucrados en el diseño de escalas de peces de hendidura vertical la aplicación sistemática de criterios hidrobiológicos, que incorporen además los resultados de las investigaciones más recientes en este ámbito.Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por fondos FEDER y el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Ref. CGL2012-34688 y PCT-380000-2007-3). María Bermúdez expresa su agradecimiento al programa postdoctoral del Plan I2C de la Xunta de Galicia (Ref. ED481B 2014/156-0).Bermúdez, M.; Rico, Á.; Rodríguez, Á.; Pena, L.; Rabuñal, JR.; Puertas, J.; Balairón, L.... (2015). FishPath: aplicación informática de diseño de escalas de peces de hendidura vertical. 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Tesis doctoral, Departamento de Métodos Matemáticos y de Representación, Universidad de A Coruña.Bermúdez, M., Puertas, J., Cea, L., Pena, L., Balairón, L. (2010). Influence of pool geometry on the biological efficiency of vertical slot fishways. Ecological Engineering, 36(10), 1355-1364. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.06.013Booth, R.K., McKinley, R.S., Okland, F., Sisak, M.M. (1997). In situ measurement of swimming performance of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using radio transmitted electromyogram signals. Aquatic Living Resources, 10(4), 213-219. doi:10.1051/alr:1997023Bunt, C.M., Castro-Santos, T., Haro, A. (2012). Performance of fish passage structures at upstream barriers to migration. River Research Applications 28(4), 457-478. doi:10.1002/rra.1565Cowx, I.G., Welcomme, R.L. (1998). Rehabilitation of rivers for fish. FAO, Fishing New Books, Oxford, 260 p.Dane, B. G. (1978). A Review and Resolution of Fish Passage Problems at Culvert Sites in British Columbia. 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Report to Bonneville Power Administration (BPA Report DOE/BP-00000022-1), Portland, OR, 55 p.Pavlov, D.S., Lupandin, A.I., Skorobogatov, M.A. (2000). The effects of flow turbulence on the behavior and distribution of fish. Journal of Ichthyology, 40(S2): S232-S261.Pena, L. (2004). Estudio hidráulico en modelo de escalas de peixes de fenda vertical e de fenda profunda aliñadas. Aproximación á avaliación experimental da enerxía cinética turbulenta. Tesis doctoral, Departamento de Métodos Matemáticos y de Representación, Universidad de A Coruña.Puertas, J., Pena, L., Teijeiro, T. (2004). Experimental approach to the hydraulics of vertical slot fishways. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 130(1), 10-23. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:1(10)Puertas, J., Cea, L., Bermúdez, M., Pena, L., Rodríguez, A., Rabuñal, J.R., Balairón, L., Lara, A., Aramburu, E. (2012). 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ELOVL6 Genetic Variation Is Related to Insulin Sensitivity: A New Candidate Gene in Energy Metabolism

BACKGROUND: The elongase of long chain fatty acids family 6 (ELOVL6) is an enzyme that specifically catalyzes the elongation of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with 12, 14 and 16 carbons. ELOVL6 is expressed in lipogenic tissues and it is regulated by sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1). OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether ELOVL6 genetic variation is associated with insulin sensitivity in a population from southern Spain. DESIGN: We undertook a prospective, population-based study collecting phenotypic, metabolic, nutritional and genetic information. Measurements were made of weight and height and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment. The type of dietary fat was assessed from samples of cooking oil taken from the participants' kitchens and analyzed by gas chromatography. Five SNPs of the ELOVL6 gene were analyzed by SNPlex. RESULTS: Carriers of the minor alleles of the SNPs rs9997926 and rs6824447 had a lower risk of having high HOMA_IR, whereas carriers of the minor allele rs17041272 had a higher risk of being insulin resistant. An interaction was detected between the rs6824447 polymorphism and the intake of oil in relation with insulin resistance, such that carriers of this minor allele who consumed sunflower oil had lower HOMA_IR than those who did not have this allele (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variations in the ELOVL6 gene were associated with insulin sensitivity in this population-based study

Common Variants of the Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein Gene Influence the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance in Spanish Population

SummaryThe main objective was to evaluate the association between SNPs and haplotypes of the FABP1-4 genes and type 2 diabetes, as well as its interaction with fat intake, in one general Spanish population. The association was replicated in a second population in which HOMA index was also evaluated.Methods1217 unrelated individuals were selected from a population-based study [Hortega study: 605 women; mean age 54 y; 7.8% with type 2 diabetes]. The replication population included 805 subjects from Segovia, a neighboring region of Spain (446 females; mean age 52 y; 10.3% with type 2 diabetes). DM2 mellitus was defined in a similar way in both studies. Fifteen SNPs previously associated with metabolic traits or with potential influence in the gene expression within the FABP1-4 genes were genotyped with SNPlex and tested. Age, sex and BMI were used as covariates in the logistic regression model.ResultsOne polymorphism (rs2197076) and two haplotypes of the FABP-1 showed a strong association with the risk of DM2 in the original population. This association was further confirmed in the second population as well as in the pooled sample. None of the other analyzed variants in FABP2, FABP3 and FABP4 genes were associated. There was not a formal interaction between rs2197076 and fat intake. A significant association between the rs2197076 and the haplotypes of the FABP1 and HOMA-IR was also present in the replication population.ConclusionsThe study supports the role of common variants of the FABP-1 gene in the development of type 2 diabetes in Caucasians