Indicadores espaciales para la planificacion territorial y desarrollo socioeconomico caso de estudio: Comuna de Retiro VII Region del Maule

55 p.El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad presentar una nueva forma de representar la distribución espacial de los hogares en situación de carencia existente en la Comuna de Retiro, VII Región del Maule, utilizando como base la información extraída del Catastro Digital de Viviendas (Mena, et al., 2005) y considerando como unidad mínima de representación espacial, la vivienda, con la cual se logró una mayor precisión para ilustrar con detalle la heterogeneidad espacial con que se manifiesta la pobreza dentro de la comuna, especialmente en localidades rurales. Los mapas de estratificación y distribución espacial de hogares en situación de carencia son confeccionados a partir de las estimaciones de necesidades básicas insatisfechas (NBI) calculadas de las encuestas registradas en el catastro digital de viviendas, y que considera las variables de materialidad, servicios básicos, cobertura educacional y cobertura de salud. Estas dos últimas variables fueron modificadas, respecto al la metodología NBI utilizada normalmente debido que no fueron consideradas en la información recolectada al momento de la realización del catastro digital de viviendas. Por esta razón, la importancia de dichas variables se basa en la capacidad de cobertura espacial que presentan, considerando una distancia máxima a recorrer desde la vivienda al establecimiento, tanto educacional como de salud, más cercano. De esta manera, considerando todas las variables mencionadas anteriormente, cada vivienda se representa por un valor entre 1 y -1, clasificándose en uno de los 5 estratos de pobreza previamente definidos. Los resultados revelan que el 66,8 % de las viviendas habitacionales de la comuna de Retiro, corresponde a una población “no pobre” (considerando los estratos de “no carenciada” y “bajo grado de carencia”). Por otra parte, el 33,2% restante corresponde a la población “pobre”, incluyendo en esta clasificación al estrato de “regular grado de carencia”, “alto grado de carencia y “carencia crítica”./ ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study is presenting a new way of representing the space distribution of households in situation of deficiency in the Commune of Retiro, VII Region of Maule Region, basically using the information fro the Digital precision to illustrate with detail the space heterogeneity whereupon poverty within the commune is exposed, specially in rural localities. The maps of stratification and spatial distribution of households in deficiency situation were made upon information from the basic estimations of necessities not satisfied (NBI) calculated from the surveys registered in the digital cadastre of houses, which considers the material variables, basic services, educational coverage and coverage of health. These two last variables were modified regarding the normal methodology NBI that is used, because they were not considered in the information collected at the time that the digital cadastre of houses was applied. Therefore, the importance of these variables is based on the capacity of spatial coverage that they present, considering a maximum distance that from the house to the nearest educational or health institution. Thus, considering all the variables mentioned above, each house is represented by a value between 1 and -1, classifying them in one of the 5 poverty level previously defined. The results revealed that 66.8% of the houses in the commune of Retiro, correspond to a “non-poor” population (considering the levels of “non-deficiency” and “under deficiency degree”). On the other hand, 33.2% corresponded to “poor” population, including in this classification the level of “regular degree of deficiency”, “high degree of deficiency” and “critical deficiency”

Composición en ácidos grasos y contenidos de vitaminas A y E de la leche de cabra de la raza Payoya en sistemas de pastoreo arbustivo-mediterráneo

Apenas hay trabajos sobre el consumo de pastos arbustivo-mediterráneos y su relación con la calidad de los productos caprinos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar el efecto del nivel de pastoreo sobre la calidad de la leche de cabras de raza Payoya. Se seleccionaron 16 explotaciones situadas en la Sierra de Cádiz. De enero a mayo se realizó una monitorización para caracterizar el manejo alimenticio. Según el porcentaje de necesidades energéticas cubiertas por el pastoreo (NEP), las explotaciones se clasificaron en tres grupos: alto, medio y bajo pastoreo. Mensualmente se recogieron muestras de leche de tanque y fueron analizados la composición de ácidos grasos (AG) y los contenidos en vitaminas A (retinol) y E (α- y β+γ-tocoferol). Los porcentajes de AG deseables nutricionalmente (α-linolénico, total n-3 PUFA) fueron significativamente mayores, mientras que el índice n-6/n-3 fue menor en el grupo de pastoreo alto en comparación con el grupo de pastoreo bajo. Para el grupo de pastoreo medio estos valores fueron intermedios. Además, se obtuvo una correlación positiva entre el NEP y los contenidos de varios AG n-3 y el total de n-3 (r=0,33), mientras que se obtuvo una correlación negativa con el índice n-6/n-3 (r=-0,45). Los contenidos en los isó- meros CLA estudiados no se vieron afectados por el nivel de pastoreo. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre grupos para la suma de las formas β- y γ-tocoferol, ni para el retinol. En cambio, sí ha habido diferencias significativas para el contenido de α-tocoferol (177 μg/100 g - alto pastoreo; 132 μg/100 g - medio; 93 μg/100 g - bajo). Además, existió una correlación positiva entre el NEP y el contenido de α-tocoferol (r=0.42). En conclusión, el mayor nivel de pastoreo ha tenido un efecto positivo sobre la calidad de la leche, con mayores contenidos en algunos componentes funcionales (α-tocoferol; AG n-3)Information about consumption of Mediterranean bush pastures and its relationship to the quality of goat products in Andalusia (southern Spain) is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of grazing level on fatty acid composition and vitamins A and E contents in milk of Payoya goats. 16 farms in the Sierra de Cádiz were selected and surveyed to characterize feeding systems from January to May. According to the percentage of energy needs covered by grazing (NEP), farms were classified into three groups: high, medium and low grazing. In this period, milk samples were monthly collected from the bulk tank and analyzed for fatty acids (FA) composition and vitamin A (retinol) and E (α- and β+γ-tocopherol) contents. Contents of the nutritionally desirable FA (α-linolenic, total n-3 PUFA) were significantly higher, while the n-6:n-3 ratio was lower in the high compared with the low grazing group, and with intermediate values in the medium group. In addition, a positive correlation was found between NEP and the contents of several n-3 FA and total n-3 (r=0.33), while a negative correlation was obtained with the n-6:n-3 ratio (r=-0.45). CLA isomers contents were not affected by the grazing level. Retinol and β+γ-tocopherol contents were not affected by the grazing level, whereas α-tocopherol content was higher in the high grazing group (177 μg/100 g for high grazing; 132 for medium; 93 for low). In addition, the NEP was positively correlated with the contents of α-tocopherol (r=0.42). In conclusion, the highest level of grazing had a positive effect on the quality of milk from Payoya breed, with higher amounts of some functional components (α-tocopherol; n-3 FA)

Individualschutz durch Wirtschaftsgrundrechte im Gesellschaftsrecht

Los procesos de diseño, fabricación y explotación de la maquinaria agrícola están estrechamente relacionados con el aumento de los niveles de productividad, consumo de combustible y mejoramiento de las cosechas de caña. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis comparativo de los indicadores técnicos explotativos en las cosechadoras de caña KTP-2M y KTP-3000S. En el análisis se demostró que el desempeño de la cosechadora KTP-3000S es superior a la KTP-2M, alcanzando valores significativos en cuanto a tiempo, eficiencia en el campo, coeficiente de seguridad técnica, materias extrañas durante el corte y valores de producción total, no teniendo este mismo comportamiento con los indicadores de consumo de combustible y valores de las pérdidas en cosecha de todo el período.Por lo que se puede afirmar que la cosechadora cañera KTP-3000S presentó un mejor desempeño durante el cumplimiento de su destino de servicio. // The processes of design, manufacture and operation of agricultural machinery are closely related to increased levels of productivity, fuel consumption and improving cane crops. This research aims to make a comparative analysis of the exploitative technical indicators cane harvesters KTP-2M and KTP-3000S. In the analysis it was demonstrated that the performance of the KTP-3000S harvester exceeds the KTP 2M, achieving significant values in terms of time, field efficiency, coefficient of technical safety, foreign matter field during cutting and values of total production not having this same behavior with fuel consumption indicators and values of crop losses throughout the period.So we can say that the KTP-3000S sugar cane harvester, presented a better performance during the fulfillment of its service destiny

Asymmetric Dark Matter and Dark Radiation

Asymmetric Dark Matter (ADM) models invoke a particle-antiparticle asymmetry, similar to the one observed in the Baryon sector, to account for the Dark Matter (DM) abundance. Both asymmetries are usually generated by the same mechanism and generally related, thus predicting DM masses around 5 GeV in order to obtain the correct density. The main challenge for successful models is to ensure efficient annihilation of the thermally produced symmetric component of such a light DM candidate without violating constraints from collider or direct searches. A common way to overcome this involves a light mediator, into which DM can efficiently annihilate and which subsequently decays into Standard Model particles. Here we explore the scenario where the light mediator decays instead into lighter degrees of freedom in the dark sector that act as radiation in the early Universe. While this assumption makes indirect DM searches challenging, it leads to signals of extra radiation at BBN and CMB. Under certain conditions, precise measurements of the number of relativistic species, such as those expected from the Planck satellite, can provide information on the structure of the dark sector. We also discuss the constraints of the interactions between DM and Dark Radiation from their imprint in the matter power spectrum.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, to be published in JCAP, minor changes to match version to be publishe

Conservation of the endemic dwarf carnivores of Cozumel Island, Mexico.

Cozumel Island, Mexico, harbours two endemic species of dwarf procyonids: the Pygmy Raccoon Procyon pygmaeus and the Dwarf Coati Nasua nelsoni. Both species are Critically Endangered, and are among the world&rsquo;s most threatened Carnivora. Here we summarise the research we have been conducting on their ecology, evolution, genetics, and conservation. We also summarise the conservation initiatives we have been undertaking and promoting in order to advance the conservation of these unique species and their habitats. This effort illustrates the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in conservation science and action in maximising effectiveness. Nevertheless, the precarious status of the species make it imperative to continue and expand the work we have carried out in Cozumel to prevent two imminent global extinctions.<br /

Project goals, target selection, and stellar characterization

The detection of habitable worlds is one of humanitya-s greatest endeavors. Thus far, astrobiological studies have shown that one of the most critical components for allowing life to develop is liquid water. Its chemical properties and its capacity to dissolve and, hence, transport other substances makes this constituent a key piece in this regard. As a consequence, looking for life as we know it is directly related to the search for liquid water. For a remote detection of life in distant planetary systems, this essentially means looking for planets in the so-called habitable zone. In this sense, K-dwarf stars are the perfect hosts to search for planets in this range of distances. Contrary to G-dwarfs, the habitable zone is closer, thus making planet detection easier using transit or radial velocity techniques. Contrary to M-dwarfs, stellar activity is on a much smaller scale, hence, it has a smaller impact in terms of both the detectability and the true habitability of the planet. Also, K-dwarfs are the quietest in terms of oscillations, and granulation noise. In spite of this, there is a dearth of planets in the habitable zone of K-dwarfs due to a lack of observing programs devoted to this parameter space. In response to a call for legacy programs of the Calar Alto observatory, we have initiated the first dedicated and systematic search for habitable planets around these stars: K-dwarfs Orbited By habitable Exoplanets (KOBE). This survey is monitoring the radial velocity of 50 carefully pre-selected K-dwarfs with the CARMENES instrument over five semesters, with an average of 90 data points per target. Based on planet occurrence rates convolved with our detectability limits, we expect to find 1.68 ± 0.25 planets per star in the KOBE sample. Furthermore, in half of the sample, we expect to find one of those planets within the habitable zone. Here, we describe the motivations, goals, and target selection for the project as well as the preliminary stellar characterization. © 2022 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved

bcl-2 expression is not associated with survival in metastatic cutaneous melanoma: A historical cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Programmed cell death (apoptosis) has been implicated in tumor development and may affect the metastatic potential of tumor cells. The role of bcl-2, a proto-oncogene that inhibits apoptosis, has been studied in several malignancies, including cutaneous melanoma (CM). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 in 35 regional lymph node, 28 subcutaneous and 17 visceral CM metastases, correlating the findings with patient survival.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In a historical cohort study patient survival was correlated with the expression of bcl-2 in regional lymph node, subcutaneous and visceral metastases of CM. Eighty slides containing surgical specimens from 50 patients diagnosed with stage III and IV CM, 28 male (56%) and 22 female (44%), were analyzed. Mean age at diagnosis was 43 years (16–74 years; median = 42 years). Mean Breslow depth was 5.01 mm (0.4–27.5 mm). The slides were submitted to immunohistochemical reaction using anti-bcl-2 monoclonal antibody and classified according to the degree of staining (< 5%; 5 to 50%; or > 50% of tumor cells stained). The relationship between bcl-2 protein expression and survival for each type of metastasis, gender and age at initial diagnosis was analyzed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mean overall survival was 33.9 months after the diagnosis of the initial metastatic lesion (range: 0 to 131 months). Twenty-four out of 50 patients (48%) had died from CM by the end of the study period. bcl-2 expression was detected in 74.3, 85.7 and 82.4% of lymph node, subcutaneous and visceral metastases, respectively. After univariate and multivariate analyses, no correlation was found between positive bcl-2 expression and overall survival for the types of metastases evaluated.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 in metastasis alone is not a prognostic marker for CM.</p

Hydroxychloroquine is associated with a lower risk of polyautoimmunity: data from the RELESSER Registry

OBJECTIVES: This article estimates the frequency of polyautoimmunity and associated factors in a large retrospective cohort of patients with SLE. METHODS: RELESSER (Spanish Society of Rheumatology Lupus Registry) is a nationwide multicentre, hospital-based registry of SLE patients. This is a cross-sectional study. The main variable was polyautoimmunity, which was defined as the co-occurrence of SLE and another autoimmune disease, such as autoimmune thyroiditis, RA, scleroderma, inflammatory myopathy and MCTD. We also recorded the presence of multiple autoimmune syndrome, secondary SS, secondary APS and a family history of autoimmune disease. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate possible risk factors for polyautoimmunity. RESULTS: Of the 3679 patients who fulfilled the criteria for SLE, 502 (13.6%) had polyautoimmunity. The most frequent types were autoimmune thyroiditis (7.9%), other systemic autoimmune diseases (6.2%), secondary SS (14.1%) and secondary APS (13.7%). Multiple autoimmune syndrome accounted for 10.2% of all cases of polyautoimmunity. A family history was recorded in 11.8%. According to the multivariate analysis, the factors associated with polyautoimmunity were female sex [odds ratio (95% CI), 1.72 (1.07, 2.72)], RP [1.63 (1.29, 2.05)], interstitial lung disease [3.35 (1.84, 6.01)], Jaccoud arthropathy [1.92 (1.40, 2.63)], anti-Ro/SSA and/or anti-La/SSB autoantibodies [2.03 (1.55, 2.67)], anti-RNP antibodies [1.48 (1.16, 1.90)], MTX [1.67 (1.26, 2.18)] and antimalarial drugs [0.50 (0.38, 0.67)]. CONCLUSION: Patients with SLE frequently present polyautoimmunity. We observed clinical and analytical characteristics associated with polyautoimmunity. Our finding that antimalarial drugs protected against polyautoimmunity should be verified in future studies

Search for Decaying Dark Matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies with HAWC

The decay or annihilation of dark matter particles may produce a steady flux of very-high-energy gamma rays detectable above the diffuse background. Nearby clusters of galaxies provide excellent targets to search for the signatures of particle dark matter interactions. In particular, the Virgo cluster spans several degrees across the sky and can be efficiently probed with a wide field-of-view instrument. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, due to its wide field of view and sensitivity to gamma rays at an energy scale of 300 GeV--100 TeV is well-suited for this search. Using 2141 days of data, we search for gamma-ray emission from the Virgo cluster, assuming well-motivated dark matter sub-structure models. Our results provide some of the strongest constraints on the decay lifetime of dark matter for masses above 10 TeV.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to PR