Diseño de un Instrumento para Medir las Habilidades Directivas y la Sustentabilidad en las Empresas Mexicanas

En la actualidad, las empresas son fundamentales para el desarrollo sustentable, específicamente, las pymes, por lo que resulta importante analizar cómo se pueden incorporar nuevos modelos de desarrollo gerencial y/o empresarial que contemplen una perspectiva sustentable de tal manera que, por un lado, les permitan maximizar los recursos con los que cuentan y, por otro, mantenerse en el mercado por largo periodo de tiempo hasta llegar al estado de madurez. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la presente investigación es diseñar una propuesta de un instrumento de medición, para determinar la relación entre las habilidades directivas de negociación, toma de decisiones, administración del tiempo, solución creativa de problemas, motivación, inteligencia emocional, coaching, comunicación, trabajo en equipo y capacidad de adaptación con las acciones de sustentabilidad que aplican las pymes que operan en el estado de Sonora. Para el cumplimiento del objetivo, se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo correlacional, no experimental, transversal y de tipo social. Como parte de la metodología, se aplicó a una muestra piloto no probabilística por conveniencia a 30 directivos, donde se aplicó una escala de Likert basada en seis puntos con la intención de eliminar la subjetividad en la respuesta neutral. El instrumento constó de 145 preguntas, las cuales se procesaron a través del software SPSS v.25. El análisis estadístico de confiabilidad y validez de constructo se realizó mediante el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach, índice de homogeneidad corregido (iHC), coeficiente de Spearman-Brown y coeficiente de fiabilidad de Guttman [Lambda-2 test (λ-2)]. Los resultados obtenidos para medir la confiabilidad del cuestionario derivado del análisis estadístico fueron aceptables y, se concluyó que los ítems propuestos permiten medir las variables con base en los parámetros establecidos por los autores en la literatura.   Currently, companies are essential for sustainable development, specifically SMEs, so it is important to analyze how new models of managerial and/or business development can be incorporated that contemplate a sustainable perspective in such a way that, on the one hand allow them to maximize the resources they have and, on the other, stay in the market for a long period of time until they reach maturity. In this sense, the objective of this research is to design a proposal for a measurement instrument to determine the relationship between managerial skills in negotiation, decision making, time management, creative problem solving, motivation, emotional intelligence, coaching, communication, teamwork and adaptability with the sustainability actions applied by SMEs operating in the state of Sonora. To fulfill the objective, research with a quantitative, correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and social approach was developed. As part of the methodology, a non-probabilistic pilot sample was applied for convenience to 30 managers, where a Likert scale based on six points was applied with the intention of eliminating subjectivity in the neutral response. The instrument consisted of 145 ítems, which were processed through SPSS v.25 software. Statistical analysis of reliability and construct validity was performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, corrected homogeneity index (iHC), Spearman-Brown coefficient, and Guttman's reliability coefficient [Lambda-2 test (λ-2)]. The results obtained to measure the reliability of the questionnaire derived from the statistical analysis were acceptable and it was concluded that the proposed items allow the variables to be measured based on the parameters established by the authors in the literature

Diseño de un Instrumento para Medir las Habilidades Directivas y la Sustentabilidad en las Empresas Mexicanas

En la actualidad, las empresas son fundamentales para el desarrollo sustentable, específicamente, las pymes, por lo que resulta importante analizar cómo se pueden incorporar nuevos modelos de desarrollo gerencial y/o empresarial que contemplen una perspectiva sustentable de tal manera que, por un lado, les permitan maximizar los recursos con los que cuentan y, por otro, mantenerse en el mercado por largo periodo de tiempo hasta llegar al estado de madurez. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la presente investigación es diseñar una propuesta de un instrumento de medición, para determinar la relación entre las habilidades directivas de negociación, toma de decisiones, administración del tiempo, solución creativa de problemas, motivación, inteligencia emocional, coaching, comunicación, trabajo en equipo y capacidad de adaptación con las acciones de sustentabilidad que aplican las pymes que operan en el estado de Sonora. Para el cumplimiento del objetivo, se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo correlacional, no experimental, transversal y de tipo social. Como parte de la metodología, se aplicó a una muestra piloto no probabilística por conveniencia a 30 directivos, donde se aplicó una escala de Likert basada en seis puntos con la intención de eliminar la subjetividad en la respuesta neutral. El instrumento constó de 145 preguntas, las cuales se procesaron a través del software SPSS v.25. El análisis estadístico de confiabilidad y validez de constructo se realizó mediante el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach, índice de homogeneidad corregido (iHC), coeficiente de Spearman-Brown y coeficiente de fiabilidad de Guttman [Lambda-2 test (λ-2)]. Los resultados obtenidos para medir la confiabilidad del cuestionario derivado del análisis estadístico fueron aceptables y, se concluyó que los ítems propuestos permiten medir las variables con base en los parámetros establecidos por los autores en la literatura.   Currently, companies are essential for sustainable development, specifically SMEs, so it is important to analyze how new models of managerial and/or business development can be incorporated that contemplate a sustainable perspective in such a way that, on the one hand allow them to maximize the resources they have and, on the other, stay in the market for a long period of time until they reach maturity. In this sense, the objective of this research is to design a proposal for a measurement instrument to determine the relationship between managerial skills in negotiation, decision making, time management, creative problem solving, motivation, emotional intelligence, coaching, communication, teamwork and adaptability with the sustainability actions applied by SMEs operating in the state of Sonora. To fulfill the objective, a research with a quantitative, correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional and social approach was developed. As part of the methodology, a non-probabilistic pilot sample was applied for convenience to 30 managers, where a Likert scale based on six points was applied with the intention of eliminating subjectivity in the neutral response. The instrument consisted of 145 ítems, which were processed through SPSS v.25 software. Statistical analysis of reliability and construct validity was performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, corrected homogeneity index (iHC), Spearman-Brown coefficient, and Guttman's reliability coefficient [Lambda-2 test (λ-2)]. The results obtained to measure the reliability of the questionnaire derived from the statistical analysis were acceptable and it was concluded that the proposed items allow the variables to be measured based on the parameters established by the authors in the literature

Diseño de un Instrumento para Medir las Habilidades Directivas y la Sustentabilidad en las Empresas Mexicanas

En la actualidad, las empresas son fundamentales para el desarrollo sustentable, específicamente, las pymes, por lo que resulta importante analizar cómo se pueden incorporar nuevos modelos de desarrollo gerencial y/o empresarial que contemplen una perspectiva sustentable de tal manera que, por un lado, les permitan maximizar los recursos con los que cuentan y, por otro, mantenerse en el mercado por largo periodo de tiempo hasta llegar al estado de madurez. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la presente investigación es diseñar una propuesta de un instrumento de medición, para determinar la relación entre las habilidades directivas de negociación, toma de decisiones, administración del tiempo, solución creativa de problemas, motivación, inteligencia emocional, coaching, comunicación, trabajo en equipo y capacidad de adaptación con las acciones de sustentabilidad que aplican las pymes que operan en el estado de Sonora. Para el cumplimiento del objetivo, se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo correlacional, no experimental, transversal y de tipo social. Como parte de la metodología, se aplicó a una muestra piloto no probabilística por conveniencia a 30 directivos, donde se aplicó una escala de Likert basada en seis puntos con la intención de eliminar la subjetividad en la respuesta neutral. El instrumento constó de 145 preguntas, las cuales se procesaron a través del software SPSS v.25. El análisis estadístico de confiabilidad y validez de constructo se realizó mediante el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach, índice de homogeneidad corregido (iHC), coeficiente de Spearman-Brown y coeficiente de fiabilidad de Guttman [Lambda-2 test (λ-2)]. Los resultados obtenidos para medir la confiabilidad del cuestionario derivado del análisis estadístico fueron aceptables y, se concluyó que los ítems propuestos permiten medir las variables con base en los parámetros establecidos por los autores en la literatura.   Currently, companies are essential for sustainable development, specifically SMEs, so it is important to analyze how new models of managerial and/or business development can be incorporated that contemplate a sustainable perspective in such a way that, on the one hand allow them to maximize the resources they have and, on the other, stay in the market for a long period of time until they reach maturity. In this sense, the objective of this research is to design a proposal for a measurement instrument to determine the relationship between managerial skills in negotiation, decision making, time management, creative problem solving, motivation, emotional intelligence, coaching, communication, teamwork and adaptability with the sustainability actions applied by SMEs operating in the state of Sonora. To fulfill the objective, a research with a quantitative, correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional and social approach was developed. As part of the methodology, a non-probabilistic pilot sample was applied for convenience to 30 managers, where a Likert scale based on six points was applied with the intention of eliminating subjectivity in the neutral response. The instrument consisted of 145 ítems, which were processed through SPSS v.25 software. Statistical analysis of reliability and construct validity was performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, corrected homogeneity index (iHC), Spearman-Brown coefficient, and Guttman's reliability coefficient [Lambda-2 test (λ-2)]. The results obtained to measure the reliability of the questionnaire derived from the statistical analysis were acceptable and it was concluded that the proposed items allow the variables to be measured based on the parameters established by the authors in the literature

Aplicación de algoritmos de clasificación para el análisis de tejido mamario y detección de cáncer de mama

La estrategia más efectiva para reducir la mortalidad por cáncer es la detección precoz, unida a actividades de prevención primaria y promoción de hábitos de vida saludables. El cáncer de mama es una patología difícilmente previsible en sus causas, puesto que la mayoría de los factores de riesgo conocidos son la edad, paridad, historia familiar de cáncer de mama, los cuales no son modificables y la disminución de las tasas de mortalidad estaría en su diagnóstico precoz. El presente artículo describe como con ayuda de algoritmos de clasificación se puede aplicar el método de espectroscopia para que pueda realizar una detección oportuna de cáncer de mama, para realizarlo se utilizaron algoritmos de clasificación supervisada. Los datos fueron obtenidos de la base de datos “Breast Tissue” donada por INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica alojados en el repositorio UCI, con la finalidad de ver el comportamiento de los algoritmos en cuanto a la tasa de error, tiempo de ejecución y realizar una comparación de los resultados obtenidos del autor original J. Estrela da Silva, J. P. Marques de Sá. [7]Palabras clave: algoritmos de clasificación, cáncer de mama, espectroscopia

Antibodies for β2-Microglobulin and the Heavy Chains of HLA-E, HLA-F, and HLA-G Reflect the HLA-Variants on Activated Immune Cells and Phases of Disease Progression in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients under Treatment

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive, inflammatory, autoimmune, symmetrical polyarticular arthritis. It is characterized by synovial infiltration and activation of several types of immune cells, culminating in their apoptosis and antibody generation against altered autoantigens. β2-microglobulin (β2m)-associated heavy chains (HCs) of HLA antigens, also known as closed conformers (Face-1), undergo alteration during activation of immune cells, resulting in β2m-free structural variants, including monomeric open conformers (Face-2) that are capable of dimerizing as either homodimers (Face-3) or as heterodimers (Face-4). β2m-free HCs uncover the cryptic epitopes that can elicit antibodies (Abs). We report here the levels of IgM and IgG Abs against both β2m and HCs of HLA-E, HLA-F, and HLA-G in 74 RA patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs. Anti-β2m IgM was present in 20 of 74 patients, whereas anti-β2m IgG was found in only 8 patients. Abs against β2m would be expected if Abs were generated against β2m-associated HLA HCs. The majority of patients were devoid of either anti-β2m IgM or IgG but had Abs against HCs of different HLA-Ib molecules. The paucity of anti-β2m Abs in this cohort of patients suggests that Abs were developed against β2m-free HLA HCs, such as Face-2, Face-3, and Face-4. While 63 of 68 patients had IgG Abs against anti-HLA-F HCs, 36 and 50 patients showed IgG Ab reactivity against HLA-E and anti-HLA-G HCs, respectively. Evidently, anti-HLA-F HC Abs are the most predominant anti-HLA-Ib HC IgG Abs in RA patients. The incidence and intensity of Abs against HLA-E, HLA-F, and HLA-G in the normal control group were much higher than those observed in RA patients. Evidently, the lower level of Abs in RA patients points to the impact of the immunosuppressive drugs on these patients. These results underscore the need for further studies to unravel the nature of HLA-F variants on activated immune cells and synoviocytes of RA patients

C1Q Assay Results in Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity Crossmatch Negative Renal Transplant Candidates with Donor-Specific Antibodies: High Specificity but Low Sensitivity When Predicting Flow Crossmatch

The aim of the present study was to describe the association of positive flow cross match (FXM) and C1q-SAB. Methods. In this observational, cross-sectional, and comparative study, patients included had negative AHG-CDC-XM and donor specific antibodies (DSA) and were tested with FXM. All pretransplant sera were tested with C1q-SAB assay. Results. A total of 50 donor/recipient evaluations were conducted; half of them had at least one C1q+ Ab (n=26, 52%). Ten patients (20.0%) had DSA C1q+ Ab. Twenty-five (50%) FXMs were positive. Factors associated with a positive FXM were the presence of C1q+ Ab (DSA C1q+ Ab: OR 27, 2.80–259.56, P=0.004, and no DSA C1q+ Ab: OR 5, 1.27–19.68, P=0.021) and the DSA LABScreen-SAB MFI (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.49, P=0.007). The cutoff point of immunodominant LABScreen SAB DSA-MFI with the greatest sensitivity and specificity to predict FXM was 2,300 (sensitivity: 72% and specificity: 75%). For FXM prediction, DSA C1q+ Ab was the most specific (95.8%, 85–100) and the combination of DSA-MFI > 2,300 and C1q+ Ab was the most sensitive (92.0%, 79.3–100). Conclusions. C1q+ Ab and LABScreen SAB DSA-MFI were significantly associated with FXM. DSA C1q+ Ab was highly specific but with low sensitivity

TCR cross-reactivity and allorecognition: new insights into the immunogenetics of allorecognition

Alloreactive T cells are core mediators of graft rejection and are a potent barrier to transplantation tolerance. It was previously unclear how T cells educated in the recipient thymus could recognize allogeneic HLA molecules. Recently it was shown that both naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are frequently cross-reactive against allogeneic HLA molecules and that this allorecognition exhibits exquisite peptide and HLA specificity and is dependent on both public and private specificities of the T cell receptor. In this review we highlight new insights gained into the immunogenetics of allorecognition, with particular emphasis on how viral infection and vaccination may specifically activate allo-HLA reactive T cells. We also briefly discuss the potential for virus-specific T cell infusions to produce GvHD. The progress made in understanding the molecular basis of allograft rejection will hopefully be translated into improved allograft function and/or survival, and eventually tolerance induction