Diatomeas periféricas de lagos con diferente estado trófico en el departamento del Cauca (Colombia)

La presencia y ausencia de especies fitoperifíticas han sido utilizadas como indicadores de estado trófico de los sistemas acuáticos, entre las que se destacan las diatomeas, tal situación y la carencia de información para el departamento del Cauca, llevó a que en tres lagos con diferentes estado trófico, se evaluara y realizara un raspado del perifiton adherido a las placas plásticas establecidas. Se muestreó de las partes externas, medias e internas de cada placa. La muestra colectada fue preservada en Lugolacético. Los lagos presentaron diferencias en cuanto a las características fisicoquímicas del agua, que determinaron el estado trófico de cada uno, de acuerdo a esto los rangos establecidos para nitritos, nitratos y fósforo total, tipificaron al lago 1 como oligotrófico; el lago 2 meso–oligotrófico y el lago 3 eutrófico. En los tres lagos predominaron las diatomeas, sin embargo, el lago 3 difiere de los otros lagos por la alta dominancia del número de especies y la mayor abundancia de Gomphonema, condición que se refleja en valores bajos para el índice de quidad de Pielou. AbstractThe presence and absence of Phyto-periphytic species have been used as indicators of trophic state of the aquatic systems, among which diatoms are emphasized. That situation and the lack of information for the department of Cauca, brought to the evaluation of three lakes with different trophic state and the performance of a adhered periphyton scrape in the plates established .. Samples were taken form the internal, medium and outer parts of each plate. The collected sample was preserved in Lugol-acetic acid. The lakes showed differences in the physicochemical Luna Azul ISSN 1909-2474 No. 35, julio - diciembre 2012 ©Universidad de Caldas revista.luna.azúl. 2012; 35: 10-27characteristics of water, which determined the trophic state of each. According to this, the established ranges for nitrites, nitrates and total phosphorus, typified Lake 1 as oligotrophic, Lake 2 as meso-oligotrophic and Lake 3 aseutrophic. Diatoms predominated in all lakesbut the Lake 3 differs from the other lakes in the high dominance of the number of species and greater abundance of Gomphonema, a condition that is reflected in low values forPielou equitability index. La presencia y ausencia de especies fitoperifíticas han sido utilizadas como indicadores de estado trófico de los sistemas acuáticos, entre las que se destacan las diatomeas, tal situación y la carencia de información para el departamento del Cauca, llevó a que en tres lagos con diferentes estado trófico, se evaluara y realizara un raspado del perifiton adherido a las placas plásticas establecidas. Se muestreó de las partes externas, medias e internas de cada placa. La muestra colectada fue preservada en Lugolacético. Los lagos presentaron diferencias en cuanto a las características fisicoquímicas del agua, que determinaron el estado trófico de cada uno, de acuerdo a esto los rangos establecidos para nitritos, nitratos y fósforo total, tipificaron al lago 1 como oligotrófico; el lago 2 meso–oligotrófico y el lago 3 eutrófico. En los tres lagos predominaron las diatomeas, sin embargo, el lago 3 difiere de los otros lagos por la alta dominancia del número de especies y la mayor abundancia de Gomphonema, condición que se refleja en valores bajos para el índice de quidad de Pielou. AbstractThe presence and absence of Phyto-periphytic species have been used as indicators of trophic state of the aquatic systems, among which diatoms are emphasized. That situation and the lack of information for the department of Cauca, brought to the evaluation of three lakes with different trophic state and the performance of a adhered periphyton scrape in the plates established .. Samples were taken form the internal, medium and outer parts of each plate. The collected sample was preserved in Lugol-acetic acid. The lakes showed differences in the physicochemical Luna Azul ISSN 1909-2474 No. 35, julio - diciembre 2012 ©Universidad de Caldas revista.luna.azúl. 2012; 35: 10-27characteristics of water, which determined the trophic state of each. According to this, the established ranges for nitrites, nitrates and total phosphorus, typified Lake 1 as oligotrophic, Lake 2 as meso-oligotrophic and Lake 3 aseutrophic. Diatoms predominated in all lakesbut the Lake 3 differs from the other lakes in the high dominance of the number of species and greater abundance of Gomphonema, a condition that is reflected in low values forPielou equitability index.

La diversidad en aula : motivaciones y estilos de aprendizaje

Para este trabajo adaptamos clasificaciones de distintos autores para obtener una encuesta donde los alumnos se identificaron con diferentes motivaciones y estilos de aprendizaje. Exponemos los resultados que mostraron la diversidad de tipos de estudiantes que cursan carreras científicas con contenidos de química. Llegamos a la reflexión sobre el reto que representa para el profesor adecuar la enseñanza para facilitar el aprendizaje

Representative Bacillus sp. AM1 from Gut Microbiota Harbor Versatile Molecular Pathways for Bisphenol A Biodegradation

Human gut microbiota harbors numerous microbial species with molecular enzymatic potential that impact on the eubiosis/dysbiosis and health/disease balances. Microbiota species isolation and description of their specific molecular features remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we focused on the cultivation and selection of species able to tolerate or biodegrade the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), a xenobiotic extensively found in food plastic containers. Chemical xenobiotic addition methods for the directed isolation, culturing, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), phylogenomic identification, and specific gene-encoding searches have been applied to isolate microorganisms, assess their BPA metabolization potential, and describe encoded catabolic pathways. BPA-tolerant strains were isolated from 30% of infant fecal microbial culture libraries analyzed. Most isolated strains were phylogenetically related to the operational taxonomic group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spp. Importantly, WGS analysis of microbial representative strain, Bacillus sp. AM1 identified the four complete molecular pathways involved on BPA degradation indicating its versatility and high potential to degrade BPA. Pathways for Exopolysaccharide (EPS) and Polyhydroxyalkanates (PHA) biopolymer synthesis were also identified and phenotypically confirmed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). These microbial biopolymers could generally contribute to capture and/or deposit xenobiotics.GP/EFSA/ENCO/380 2018/03/G04: OBEMIRISK: Knowledge platform for assessing the risk of Bisphenols on gut microbiota and its role in obesogenic phenotype: looking for biomarkersFEDERInfrastructure: IE_2019-198APC was funded by EIN-2019-10308

Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions Using a Bionanocomposite of Eggshell/Ag-Fe

Abstract: Eggshell and an easily synthesized bionanocomposite of eggshell with Ag-Fe nanoparticles demonstrated to be efficient adsorbent materials for the removal of lead, arsenic, and mercury from water. The natural material and the bionanocomposite were characterized by TEM and XRD. Ag-Fe nanoparticles vary from 1 to 100 nm in size. Equilibrium times of the adsorption systems were achieved between 4 and 8 h. The experimental adsorption data fitted the pseudo-second and Elovich models; therefore, the adsorption of heavy metals ions took place mainly by a chemical process. The adsorption capacity of eggshell in mg/g was 7.01 for As5+, 3.90 for Pb2+, and 1.51 for Hg2+, while the nanocomposite adsorption capacity was 17.7 for As5+, 27.8 for Pb2+ and 15.88 for Hg2+

Preliminary structural and seismic performance assessment of the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba: The Abd al-Rahman I sector

This manuscript discusses some preliminary results on the structural and the seismic performance of the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba, a UNESCO World Heritage. The area is characterized by a moderate seismic hazard. The building was built from the 8th to the 16th century and it has undergone several transformations. Owing to the complexity of the building, this work has focused on the assessment of the Abd al-Rahman I sector, which is the most aged part of the complex. For that, first, a 3D numerical finite element model of the sector has been done in the OpenSees framework and calibrated. To do so, an experimental non-destructive campaign has been carried out. Second, the model has been used to evaluate the structural behaviour, under vertical and horizontal loads, considering different scenarios. Finally, the crack patterns and the seismic safety have been obtained. The results showed that the numerical damage obtained for the gravitational loads is in good agreement with the data collected from the in situ surveys. Also, particular attention should be paid to the cymatiums, as they are the most demanded part of the system. Regarding its seismic performance, the building presents a higher capacity in the direction of the arcades. For the seismic demand, slight damage is expected in both principal directions of the building, which could be easily repaired. Damage concentration is expected in the contact between the perimetral wall and the arcades. This work has expanded the study of the features of the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba to the structural and seismic analysis with advanced numerical FE computing, which has not been done to date. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that a macro-modelling approach with solid elements is presented for the seismic assessment of heritage buildings using the OpenSees framework. The methodology to do so is also presented. Apart from showing how advanced numerical analyses can provide useful information to assess the existing damage on monumental buildings, this work aims at contributing to the assessment of the vulnerability and the safety of one of the most emblematic mosque-like buildings of the world.20 página

Avances e impacto en el sector financiero y cooperativo de la Ley 1527 de 2012 Por medio de la cual se establece un marco general para la libranza o descuento directo y se dictan otras disposiciones

La expedición de la Ley 1527 de 2012 Por medio de la cual se establece un marco general para la libranza o descuento directo y se dictan otras disposiciones , representa un trascendental avance legislativo en materia de créditos de consumo otorgados tanto por el Sector Financiero como Solidario, ya que en virtud de la libranza cualquier persona natural asalariada, contratada por prestación de servicios, asociada a una cooperativa o precooperativa, fondo de empleados o pensionada, puede adquirir productos y servicios financieros o bienes y servicios de cualquier naturaleza, siempre que medie autorización expresa de descuento del importe del salario, honorarios o pensión, según el caso, dada al empleador o entidad pagadora, quien a su vez en virtud de la suscripción de la libranza o descuento directo otorgada por el asalariado, contratista o pensionado, estará obligado a girar los recursos directamente a la entidad operadora, dentro de los parámetros y lineamientos previstos para el efecto.The issue of the 1527 law of 2012, by means of which it established a general framework for the direct discount and dictate other dispositions , represents a transcendental legislative advance in terms of a credit given by the Financial Sector as Solidarity, since by virtue of the direct discount, every single natural wage-earning person associate or pre-cooperative, fund of employees or retired person, could in fact acquire financial products and services or goods and services of any kind of nature, whenever an express authorization had been mediated, contemplating the discount of the amount of wages, honorary or pension, depending on the specific case, supported by the employer or paying entity, which by virtue of the subscription of the direct discount given by the salaried, contractor or retired, will be the liable party in charge of transfer all the resources directly to the operational entity, within the parameters and guidelines provided for such purpose.Especialista en Derecho ComercialEspecializació

Composición y estructura de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados y perifiton del río Ejido, Popayán – Cauca

El río Ejido es un ecosistema de importancia ecológica y social, que atraviesa gran parte de la ciudad de Popayán convirtiéndose en un eje ambiental, pero las diferentes actividades antrópicas han conllevado a un deterioro del ecosistema. Con el fin de establecer indicadores de este recurso hídrico, se evaluó la comunidad acuática (Macroinvertebrados y Perifiton); realizándose muestreos (4), en cuatro puntos distribuidos sobre la zona urbana de la ciudad, donde se registraron las variaciones de las características fisicoquímicas del agua en relación con la biota presente. De acuerdo a la puntuación otorgada por el BMWP, los 4 puntos de muestreo se catalogan en clase V (≤ 15) siendo aguas fuertemente contaminadas. Se identificaron 18 géneros de algas, los más frecuentes fueron:Anabaena, Chlamydomona, Euglenophyta, Oscillatoria, Trachelomona, Merismopedia y Tabellaria, indicadoras de eutrofia y altos contenidos de materia orgánica; condición debida a los vertimientos de la central de sacrificio (matadero) y de la carencia de sistema de alcantarillado

Synthesis of Pyrazolo-Fused 4-Azafluorenones in an Ionic Liquid. Mechanistic Insights by Joint Studies Using DFT Analysis and Mass Spectrometry

A series of pyrazolo-fused 4-azafluorenones (indeno[1,2-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridines, IPP) were synthesized via the three-component reaction between arylaldehydes, 3-methyl-1H-pyrazol- 5-amine and 1,3-indanedione in an ionic liquid as a catalyst at room temperature. The applied synthetic route has the advantages of easy work-up under mild reaction conditions presenting moderate yields and an environmentally benign procedure. A theoretical study based on conceptual-density functional theory has been done, bond reactivity indices have been calculated and an electrophilic and nucleophilic character of localized orbitals has been determined to analyze the possible electronic mechanisms

Next Generation Probiotics for Neutralizing Obesogenic Effects: Taxa Culturing Searching Strategies

This work was carried out within the frame of GP/EFSA/ENCO/380 2018/03/G04: OBEMIRISK: Knowledge platform for assessing the risk of Bisphenols on gut microbiota and its role in obesogenic phenotype: looking for biomarkers. This research was also funded by FEDER-Infrastructure: IE_2019-198. A.L-M Incentivacion de la Investigacion. Plan Propio-UGR. K. Cerk is collaborating with UGR under the EU-FORA Programme (2020/2021).The combination of diet, lifestyle, and the exposure to food obesogens categorized into "microbiota disrupting chemicals" (MDC) could determine obesogenic-related dysbiosis and modify the microbiota diversity that impacts on individual health-disease balances, inducing altered pathogenesis phenotypes. Specific, complementary, and combined treatments are needed to face these altered microbial patterns and the specific misbalances triggered. In this sense, searching for next-generation beneficial microbes or next-generation probiotics (NGP) by microbiota culturing, and focusing on their demonstrated, extensive scope and well-defined functions could contribute to counteracting and repairing the effects of obesogens. Therefore, this review presents a perspective through compiling information and key strategies for directed searching and culturing of NGP that could be administered for obesity and endocrine-related dysbiosis by (i) observing the differential abundance of specific microbiota taxa in obesity-related patients and analyzing their functional roles, (ii) developing microbiota-directed strategies for culturing these taxa groups, and (iii) applying the successful compiled criteria from recent NGP clinical studies. New isolated or cultivable microorganisms from healthy gut microbiota specifically related to obesogens' neutralization effects might be used as an NGP single strain or in consortia, both presenting functions and the ability to palliate metabolic-related disorders. Identification of holistic approaches for searching and using potential NGP, key aspects, the bias, gaps, and proposals of solutions are also considered in this review.OBEMIRISK: Knowledge platform for assessing the risk of Bisphenols on gut microbiota and its role in obesogenic phenotype: looking for biomarkers GP/EFSA/ENCO/380 2018/03/G04FEDER-Infrastructure IE_2019-19