Análisis genético de Aspergillus spp. y su implicación en la identificacián de hongos aflatoxigénicos

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biotecnología) UANLUANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Recombinant Proteins as Antigens in Serological Diagnosis of Brucellosis

Brucellosis is considered the major zoonosis in developing countries. In susceptible animal species, diagnosis of brucellosis remains a challenge due to the variety of clinical signs that it shares with a wide range of diseases. At present, isolation of Brucella is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of brucellosis; because of its low sensitivity and becoming potentially hazardous to laboratory technicians, serology is used for the detection of specific antibodies induced by infection. However, since traditional methods commonly show drawbacks and do not differentiate between vaccinated and naturally infected animals, it is necessary to search and test immunoreactive molecules for specific diagnosis of Brucella-infected cattle, thus significantly reducing the killing of suspected herds mainly due to vaccination. Advances in biotechnology have allowed exploring the use of recombinant proteins as antigens to avoid the risk involved in the use of viable Brucella strains. The benefit of using recombinant proteins, such as outer membrane proteins (OMP) and other non-lipopolysaccharide (non-LPS) molecules as antigens, for serological diagnosis is promising, but there are still many concerns about their application. The aim of the present work is to show advances in the use of recombinant antigens and discuss their advantages and potential use as markers for the serological diagnosis in brucellosis

“Titán” y “Regio”, variedades de pasto Buffel (Pennisetum ciliare) (L.) Link para zonas áridas y semiáridas

Buffel grass (Pennisetum ciliare) is a perennial, native grass to South Africa, from good forage value that adapts well to a wide range of soils and climatic conditions. Titan and Regio buffel grass varieties come from collections made in the Central and Northern of Mexico. They were evaluate in arid and semi-arid areas in rainfed and irrigation from 1986 until the record in 2008. The definitive records granted by the National system of inspection and certification of seeds (SNICS), are CEN-001-060608 for Titan and CEN-002-060608 for Regio buffel grass, being these the first varieties registered for this species in Mexico. The average of these varieties yield varies between 2,120 and 2,582 kg MS ha-1 yr-1 under rainfed conditions and 5,180 to 9,160 kg MS ha-1 yr-1 under irrigation conditions. These varieties of grass are tolerant to drought, easy settlement and rapid growth; they are also appealing for livestock, grazing-resistant and tolerant to salinity. Currently, is the specie most used in the rehabilitation and conservation of soil in grassland of arid and semi-arid zones in Mexico.El pasto buffel (Pennisetum ciliare) es una gramínea perenne, originaria de Sud África, de buen valor forrajero que se adapta bien a una amplia gama de suelos y condiciones climáticas. Las variedades de pasto buffel Titán y buffel Regio provienen de colectas realizadas en el centro y norte de México. Fueron evaluadas en zonas áridas y semiáridas, en temporal y riego desde 1986 hasta la obtención del registro en el año 2008. Los registros definitivos otorgados por parte del Sistema Nacional de Inspección y Certificación de Semillas SNICS, son: CEN-001-060608 para buffel Titán y CEN-002-060608 para buffel Regio, siendo éstas, las primeras variedades registradas para esta especie en México. El rendimiento medio de estas variedades oscila entre 2,120 y 2,582 kg MS ha-1 año-1 en condiciones de temporal y entre 5,180 y 9,160 kg MS ha-1 año-1 en condiciones de riego. Estas variedades de pasto son tolerantes a la sequía, de fácil establecimiento y de rápido crecimiento, además, son apetecibles para el ganado, resistentes al pastoreo y tolerantes a salinidad. Actualmente, es la especie más utilizada en la rehabilitación y conservación de suelo en pastizales de zonas áridas y semiáridas en México

DETECCIÓN DE ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 EN CARNE FRESCA DE RES MEDIANTE PCR MÚLTIPLEX

Para la detección de E. coli O157:H7 en carne fresca de res, se comparó el método microbiológico tradicional y dos ensayos de PCR Múltiplex. En ensayos con muestras inoculadas se obtuvo una diferencia significativa entre PCR Múltiplex y aislamiento microbiológico. PCR Múltiplex mostró porcentaje mayor de sensibilidad, precisión relativa e índice kappa en el enriquecimiento con el caldo Ecm+n en comparación al CST+ccv. En 40 muestras de res corte tipo americano se detectaron 2 positivas (5%) por PCR múltiplex, mientras que por el método microbiológico no se logró su aislamiento en ninguna muestra. AbstractIn the present study were compared the traditional microbiological method and two tests of multiplex PCR for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in fresh beef meat. A significant difference was obtained between PCR multiplex and microbiological isolation in inoculated samples; in addition, in multiplex PCR was obtained a higher percentage of sensitivity, precision relative and Kappa index using the Ecm+n broth in comparison to the CST+ccv in the enrichment. In 40 samples of meat cuts American type were detected two positive samples (5%) by Multiplex PCR, whereas by the microbiological method was not obtained the isolation in any sample. Palabras clave: PCR Múltiplex, E. coli O157:H7, Carne,  Beef

"Navajita Cecilia" Bouteloua gracilis h.b.k (lag.). nueva variedad de pasto para zonas áridas y semiáridas

Blue grama, Bouteloua gracilis H.B.K. (Lag.), can be found practically everywhere in the Chihuahuense desert, comprising nearly all the south-central States of the USA, Arizona, Texas and New Mexico(1), the north-central states of Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas)(2,3) and even the States of Guanajuato, Hidalgo and Querétaro in the centralEl pasto navajita, Bouteloua gracilis H.B.K (Lag.) está distribuido prácticamente en todo el desierto Chihuahuense, que comprende desde los estados sureÅ„,,os de los Estados Unidos de América, Arizona, Texas y Nuevo México(1), los estados del norte centro del paí­s (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Durango, Zacatecas y San Luis Potosí­)(2,3) y hasta la región central de México, delimitada por los estados de Hidalgo, Querétaro y Guanajuato(2,4)

Sensibilidad y especificidad de PCR anidada y spoligotyping como pruebas rápidas de diagnóstico de tuberculosis bovina en tejido fresco

Quick diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle is critical to decide whether or not to quarantine or depopulate a herd. Currently, decisions are based on culture, which takes between four and eight weeks to accomplish. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate relative sensitivity and specificity of two PCR´s (MPB70 and IS6110) and spoligotyping as quick diagnostic tests for cattle tuberculosis in fresh tissue.El diagnóstico rápido de tuberculosis en ganado es crítico para decidir si un hato debe someterse a cuarentena de manera definitiva o despoblarse. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la sensibilidad y la especificidad relativa de dos PCR´s (MPB70 y IS6110) y spoligotyping como pruebas rápidas de diagnóstico de tuberculosis bovina en tejido fresco

La sociología de la salud y los paradigmas de investigación

El presente libro se deriva del trabajo colegiado de la investigación científica, que realizan maestro y alumnos de las diferentes sedes académicas, para así contribuir mas a la investigación y que de igual manera sea un complemento de estudio para la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y para la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludEl libro contiene diversas temáticas que muestran conocimientos, metodologías, técnicas, herramientas y lenguajes necesarios utilizados comúnmente en el área de las Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud, desde un enfoque multi y transdisciplinario para poder indagar los elementos que componen la diversidad, la multiculturalidad y el medio ambiente que gira en torno a los temas de salud y de los estilos de vida saludabl

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline