Groppo, José Alejandro Los dos príncipes: Juan D. Perón y Getulio Vargas: Un estudio comparado del populismo latinoamericano. Editorial Eduvin, Buenos Aires, 2009 (479 páginas) ISBN 9789871518173

Groppo, José Alejandro Los dos príncipes: Juan D. Perón y Getulio Vargas: Un estudio comparado del populismo latinoamericano. Editorial Eduvin, Buenos Aires, 2009 (479 páginas) ISBN 978987151817

Non-Specific Antibodies Induce Lysosomal Activation in Atlantic Salmon Macrophages Infected by Piscirickettsia salmonis

Piscirickettsia salmonis, an aggressive intracellular pathogen, is the etiological agent of salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS). This is a chronic multisystemic disease that generates high mortalities and large losses in Chilean salmon farming, threatening the sustainability of the salmon industry. Previous reports suggest that P. salmonis is able to survive and replicate in salmonid macrophages, inducing an anti-inflammatory environment and a limited lysosomal response that may be associated with host immune evasion mechanisms favoring bacterial survival. Current control and prophylaxis strategies against P. salmonis (based on the use of antibiotics and vaccines) have not had the expected success against infection. This makes it urgent to unravel the host-pathogen interaction to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we evaluated the effect of treatment with IgM-beads on lysosomal activity in Atlantic salmon macrophage-enriched cell cultures infected with P. salmonis by analyzing the lysosomal pH and proteolytic ability through confocal microscopy. The impact of IgM-beads on cytotoxicity induced by P. salmonis in infected cells was evaluated by quantification of cell lysis through release of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Bacterial load was determined by quantification of 16S rDNA copy number by qPCR, and counting of colony-forming units (CFU) present in the extracellular and intracellular environment. Our results suggest that stimulation with antibodies promotes lysosomal activity by lowering lysosomal pH and increasing the proteolytic activity within this organelle. Additionally, incubation with IgM-beads elicits a decrease in bacterial-induced cytotoxicity in infected Atlantic salmon macrophages and reduces the bacterial load. Overall, our results suggest that stimulation of cells infected by P. salmonis with IgM-beads reverses the modulation of the lysosomal activity induced by bacterial infection, promoting macrophage survival and bacterial elimination. This work represents a new important evidence to understand the bacterial evasion mechanisms established by P. salmonis and contribute to the development of new effective therapeutic strategies against SRS

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Asociaciones de trabajadores en la construcción de poblaciones modelo (Santiago de Chile, 1925-1930)

In the city of Santiago, there was a chronic lack of hygienic housing for the popular classes throughout the first decades of the 20th century. To mitigate this, in 1925 a novel credit policy was implemented for workers with higher stable incomes. At least two popular housing sites came to be due to this policy: The Society of Craftsmen “La Unión” and the Cooperative of Typographers. It is explained why these entities were successful as well as their activities, highlighting the tight link they had with the reformist elite of the time.En la ciudad de Santiago, la escasez de viviendas higiénicas para los sectores populares fue crónica durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Para paliar esto, en 1925 se implementó una novedosa política crediticia para trabajadores con ingresos elevados y estables. Hubo al menos dos poblaciones que, de acuerdo con esta modalidad de financiamiento, se concretaron: La Sociedad de Artesanos “La Unión” y la Cooperativa de Tipógrafos. El artículo explica por qué estas entidades tuvieron éxito, así como las actividades que desarrollaron, colocando hincapié en el estrecho lazo que esas organizaciones mantuvieron con la elite reformista de la época

Groppo, José Alejandro Los dos príncipes: Juan D. Perón y Getulio Vargas: Un estudio comparado del populismo latinoamericano. Editorial Eduvin, Buenos Aires, 2009 (479 páginas) ISBN 9789871518173

Groppo, José Alejandro Los dos príncipes: Juan D. Perón y Getulio Vargas: Un estudio comparado del populismo latinoamericano. Editorial Eduvin, Buenos Aires, 2009 (479 páginas) ISBN 978987151817

Historia social del trabajo fabril: Historia de vida de un obrero-campesino en el primer auge textil del litoral penquista (1920-1950)

In the 1930s and 1940s, the three textile factories of Tomé -town located in the vicinity of Concepción in central-southern Chile-, favoured the crystallization of a working class proud of its trade but reluctant to establish open relationships of labour conflict . The explanations to this phenomenon have highlighted the philanthropic nature of the companies and their welfare plans, but have putted aside a social characterization, avoiding the intense roots of the working class family with the agrarian world of the area. After analyzing the textile industry boom (1920-1950) and the prevailing conditions in the rural world of Tomé and Coelemu, the life story of Don José is analyzed. With his testimony, the vital background of the working experience of the first generation of textile workers in the city is analyzed, in which worker-peasants took advantage of intense urban-rural assistance and, with it, devalued adherence to expressions of class politics.En las décadas de 1930 y 1940 las tres fábricas textiles de Tomé -localidad emplazada en las proximidades de Concepción en el centro-sur de Chile-, favorecieron la cristalización de una clase obrera orgullosa de su oficio pero reacia a establecer relaciones de conflicto laboral abierto. Las explicaciones a ese fenómeno han colocado de relieve el carácter filantrópico de las empresas y sus planes de bienestar, pero han prescindido de una caracterización social soslayando el intenso arraigo de la familia obrera con el mundo agrario de la zona. Previo análisis del auge fabril (1920-1950) y de las condiciones prevalecientes en el mundo rural de Tomé y Coelemu, se analiza la historia de vida de don José. Con su testimonio se analiza el fondo vital de la experiencia obrera de la primera generación de trabajadores textiles de la ciudad, en el que obrero-campesinos aprovecharon una intensa asistencia urbano-rural y, con ello, devaluaron adherir a expresiones políticas de clase

Sobre la domesticación obrera a través de la vivienda higiénica. Algunos hallazgos (Santiago, 1931-1936)

Through the elite's perspective, the low-cost and hygienic household was a tool to improve the deficient living conditions that the popular and working-class sectors were under in big cities. Also, it was a means for cultural transformation of everyday policies. Stemming from this, the modeling and disciplinary capacity that hygienic living had over various working sectors has been discussed under various lenses. Through the analysis of some hygienic neighborhoods built in Santiago between the decades of the 1920s and 1930s it is possible to recognize circumstances that determined the constant yearly mobility of dozens of their occupants. And, by proxy, it is possible to determine the capacity that these residential complexes had to change the way of living of the working class family

Alternativas de gestión del trabajo en una industria monopólica: el caso de la cementera El Melón, Chile (1930-1950)

The Sociedad Fábrica de Cemento de El Melón, the main company in the production of cement during the first half of the 20th century, it started in the small city of La Calera and directly intervene in the urban space. The company’s objective was to strengthen the relationships among workers and managers, as well as the workers’ families. With its successful economic expansion, the company designed, built, and maintained two working towns where employees were able to find different ways of social assistance, which were managed by theWelfare Service. These two towns introduced some aspects from the European Natural Hygiene, and it represented in Chile an urban paternalism, which were used to intervene in the working families’ domestic space.La principal productora de cemento en Chile, la Sociedad Fábrica de Cemento de El Melón, se emplazó en la pequeña ciudad de La Calera e intervino directamente en el espacio urbano con una serie de iniciativas destinadas a desmovilizar a los trabajadores y afianzar los lazos de lealtad de los mismos hacia la empresa. Apoyada en una situación económica expansiva, El Melón desarrolló prácticas de control extensivo diseñando espacios físicos (poblaciones obreras) y un moderno servicio de bienestar, acercándose a las prácticas del urbanismo paternalista, mediante el cual logró intervenir con éxito en los ámbitos privados de los trabajadores y sus familias, fortaleciendo una identidad obrera ligada a la fábrica