El lugar de la libertad ideológica en el catálogo de los derechos constitucionales

SUMARIO: I. Introducción.- II. La regulación constitucional. 1. El problema a resolver durante el debate constituyente. 2. El contenido del artículo 16. 3. El contenido de la libertad ideológica: 3.1. El contenido constitucionalmente garantizado. 3.2. Los limites al ejercicio de la libertad: 3.2.1. El límite constitucional del orden público. 3.2.2. La posible aplicación de otros límites. 4. El elemento subjetivo de la libertad ideológica: 4.1. Los sujetos titulares de la libertad. 4.2. Los sujetos con capacidad de menoscabar la libertad ideológica. 4.3. Las formas de afectar la libertad ideológica.Publicad

La construcción de subjetividades en el sistema sanitario público de Andalucía (España)

En este artículo presentamos los resultados de una investigación más amplia donde, apoyándonos en el concepto de repertorio interpretativo propuesto por Jonathan Potter y Margaret Wetherell, analizamos el entramado discursivo emergente del Sistema Sanitario Público Andaluz en cuanto a los argumentos-ideas que sostiene. En un artículo previo, identificamos tres grandes grupos discursivos que denominamos como críticos, ontológicos y legitimadores. En esta segunda fase, abordamos las subjetividades construidas desde los anteriores repertorios destacando la presencia de tres categorías de sujetos: los asistenciales, los no asistenciales y los ciudadanos. Señalamos la naturaleza multi-discursiva de la organización y, por tanto, la multi-referencialidad inherente a los procesos de construcción de subjetividades, así como las -posibles- consecuencias organizativas de asumir un tipo u otro de subjetividad. Concluimos planteando la necesidad de adoptar un modelo dialógico de gestión que incluya dicha variedad multi-discursiva del sistema hacia una misma dirección.In this paper, we present the results of a larger investigation in which, relying on the concept of interpretative repertoire put forward by Potter and Wetherell, we analyze the emerging discursive framework of the Andalusian Public Health System in terms of the arguments-ideas behind such framework. In a previous paper, we identified three major discursive groups that we labelled as critical, ontological, and legitimating. At this second stage, we address the subjectivities constructed on the basis of these repertoires and we emphasize three categories of subjects: healthcare, non-healthcare, and citizens. We draw attention to the multi-discursive nature of the organization and, therefore, the multi-referentiality inherent in the processes of subjectivity construction as well as the -potential- organisational consequences of assuming one or another type of subjectivity. We conclude by proposing the need for a dialogic model of management that includes the system's multi-discursive variety toward a same direction

El Aprendizaje Basados En Proyectos como catalizador del desarrollo de la Autonomía en los estudiantes y el profesor: La Experiencia vivida en un Colegio Oficial en Nilo, Cundinamarca

This paper reports the findings of a graduation thesis which intended to identify the effects that Project-Based Learning implementation had on the development of autonomy of a group of tenth grade English language learners and their teacher. In this Action Research study, several instruments were used. An initial questionnaire to confirm perceptions; a student´s attitude scale to assess how students worked, both individually and in small groups; small group conferencing, which enabled students to speak about their projects; a teacher-research journal with teacher´s reflections on the implementation and effectiveness of the action strategies; and students´ journals containing reflections on the different stages of the process. The data gathered showed that PBL work led to both learners and their teacher having more positive attitudes and behaviors towards their own academic activities and teaching practice, respectively. This methodology encouraged learners to become decision makers, to gain responsibility and confidence, and to raise awareness of their role in the classroom, while also promoting the development of several features of the teacher´s teaching style. Thus, knowledge in the classroom was built cooperatively.El presente trabajo da cuenta de los hallazgos surgidos de una Investigación Acción como proyecto de grado, cuyo objetivo era identificar los efectos de la implementación del modelo de trabajo por proyectos sobre el desarrollo de la autonomía de un grupo de estudiantes de inglés de grado décimo y su profesor. Para tal efecto se utilizaron instrumentos como: un cuestionario de inicio, para confirmar percepciones previas; una escala actitudinal para medir el trabajo individual y grupal de los estudiantes; conferencias en pequeños grupos, para analizar el trabajo de los estudiantes en los diferentes proyectos; el diario del profesor, que contenía las reflexiones después de la observación del trabajo de los estudiantes y; el diario de los estudiantes, donde éstos consignaron sus impresiones después de cada proyecto desarrollado. El análisis de la información colectada arrojó evidencias claras sobre el desarrollo de actitudes y comportamientos positivos de los estudiantes participantes y el profesor-investigador frente a sus actividades académicas y su práctica pedagógica, respectivamente. Los proyectos implementados alentaron a los aprendices en la toma autónoma de decisiones y en el acrecentamiento de su responsabilidad y su confianza.  Asimismo, los estudiantes, a través de su trabajo, exhortaron al profesor a mejorar su práctica pedagógica. En consecuencia, la construcción del conocimiento se convirtió en una labor hombro a hombro

Instruments for assessing the risk of falls in acute hospitalized patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Falls are a serious problem for hospitalized patients, reducing the duration and quality of life. It is estimated that over 84% of all adverse events in hospitalized patients are related to falls. Some fall risk assessment tools have been developed and tested in environments other than those for which they were developed with serious validity discrepancies. The aim of this review is to determine the accuracy of instruments for detecting fall risk and predicting falls in acute hospitalized patients. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis. Main databases, related websites and grey literature were searched. Two blinded reviewers evaluated title and abstracts of the selected articles and, if they met inclusion criteria, methodological quality was assessed in a new blinded process. Meta-analyses of diagnostic ORs (DOR) and likelihood (LH) coefficients were performed with the random effects method. Forest plots were calculated for sensitivity and specificity, DOR and LH. Additionally, summary ROC (SROC) curves were calculated for every analysis. Results Fourteen studies were selected for the review. The meta-analysis was performed with the Morse (MFS), STRATIFY and Hendrich II Fall Risk Model scales. The STRATIFY tool provided greater diagnostic validity, with a DOR value of 7.64 (4.86 - 12.00). A meta-regression was performed to assess the effect of average patient age over 65 years and the performance or otherwise of risk reassessments during the patient’s stay. The reassessment showed a significant reduction in the DOR on the MFS (rDOR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.64 - 0.89, p = 0.017). Conclusions The STRATIFY scale was found to be the best tool for assessing the risk of falls by hospitalized acutely-ill adults. However, the behaviour of these instruments varies considerably depending on the population and the environment, and so their operation should be tested prior to implementation. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of the reassessment of these instruments with respect to hospitalized adult patients, and to consider the real compliance by healthcare personnel with procedures related to patient safety, and in particular concerning the prevention of falls

A Multicriteria Approach to Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Heritage: Case Studies of Riverside Power Plants

City riverbanks usually have great landscape value and are iconic public spaces. However, there are many cities with large abandoned industrial buildings, such as power plants, on their riverbanks. Such buildings run the risk of being demolished in order to recover the surrounding natural landscape, despite having an important presence in the collective memory of the citizens and in the history of the city. This article seeks to analyse the reuse and refurbishment of industrial power plants on riversides from a modern artistic/recreational approach in order to restore and enhance the landscape value of the site by regenerating the environs and turning them into hubs of activity. Two case studies from different locations are considered in order to extract the information. A methodology is used that allows us to analyse and study a complex reality in a straightforward, concise and direct way. That means it can be used by many agents currently involved in those reuse processes to compare and to monitor the different cases over time. This research has sought to highlight the power plant typology, its relationship with the riverside, and subsequently, to extrapolate the criteria used to study other industrial buildings.This research was funded by UMA, University of Malaga, under the Research Project with the reference B3-2018_02. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Role of smoking intention in tobacco use reduction: A mediation analysis of an effective classroom-based prevention/cessation intervention for adolescents

Introduction: Although some school-based tobacco cessation and prevention programs have been proven to be effective, there remains a lack of understanding of how these programs succeed. Methods: This longitudinal study aimed to test smoking intention as a mediator of Project EX's intervention efficacy to reduce tobacco use. Using a computerized random number generator, six high schools located in the Mediterranean coast were randomly selected to participate in the program condition (Spanish version of Project EX) or the waiting-list control group with baseline, immediate-posttest, and 12-month follow-up assessments. At baseline, 685 adolescents aged 14–20 years (mean age: 14.87; SD=0.92; 47.4% were females) were evaluated using self-administered tests of tobacco, and smoking intention. A biomarker of smoke inhalation, a measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide (ECM), was used. Mediation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS v2.12 macro for Windows. Results: Project EX had a significant effect on smoking intention. Indirect effects indicated that Project EX reduced the ECM level, and number of cigarettes used. Conclusions: This is the first Spanish study that explored intention as a mediator of the long-term efficacy of Project EX to reduce tobacco use in adolescents. Results suggested that interventions that reduce consumption intention at short-term are more likely to be successful in decreasing tobacco use in the long-term

Coaching Universitario: Propuesta de un Sistema de Indicadores para su Medición

Este artículo presenta un proyecto de innovación docente, financiado por la Universidad de Granada, que tiene por objetivo principal la medición de la eficacia de un proceso de coaching. Para ello se ha generado un sistema de indicadores que pretende ser una herramienta de medición en dos aspectos fundamentales: primero, la adquisición de habilidades personales y la potenciación del autoconocimiento; y segundo, el rendimiento académico y la mejora de su potencial personal.La estructura se articula en los siguientes apartados: en primer lugar, se realiza una aproximación y delimitación del concepto de coaching; en segundo término, se analiza la aplicación del coaching en el ámbito universitario; tercero, se explicita las etapas del diseño de la investigación llevado a cabo; en cuarto lugar, se presentan los resultados relativos al análisis de la validez y fiabilidad del sistema de indicadores propuesto; y, por último, se sintetizan las principales conclusiones centradas en el diseño de una herramienta que mide la eficacia del coaching en aspectos socioafectivos, sociocognitivos, ejecutivos, sociales, identificativos con la institución y comunicativos

Immature rats show ovulatory defects similar to those in adult rats lacking prostaglandin and progesterone actions

Gonadotropin-primed immature rats (GPIR) constitute a widely used model for the study of ovulation. Although the equivalence between the ovulatory process in immature and adult rats is generally assumed, the morphological and functional characteristics of ovulation in immature rats have been scarcely considered. We describe herein the morphological aspects of the ovulatory process in GPIR and their response to classical ovulation inhibitors, such as the inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis indomethacin (INDO) and a progesterone (P) receptor (PR) antagonist (RU486). Immature Wistar rats were primed with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) at 21, 23 or 25 days of age, injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 48 h later, and sacrificed 16 h after hCG treatment, to assess follicle rupture and ovulation. Surprisingly, GPIR showed age-related ovulatory defects close similar to those in adult rats lacking P and PG actions. Rats primed with eCG at 21 or 23 days of age showed abnormally ruptured corpora lutea in which the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) was trapped or had been released to the ovarian interstitum, invading the ovarian stroma and blood and lymphatic vessels. Supplementation of immature rats with exogenous P and/or PG of the E series did not significantly inhibit abnormal follicle rupture. Otherwise, ovulatory defects were practically absent in rats primed with eCG at 25 days of age. GPIR treated with INDO showed the same ovulatory alterations than vehicle-treated ones, although affecting to a higher proportion of follicles. Blocking P actions with RU486 increased the number of COC trapped inside corpora lutea and decreased ovulation. The presence of ovulatory defects in GPIR, suggests that the capacity of the immature ovary to undergo the coordinate changes leading to effective ovulation is not fully established in Wistar rats primed with eCG before 25 days of age

Differential Immune-Reactivity and Subcellular Distribution Reveal the Multifunctional Character of Profilin in Pollen as Major Effect of Sequences Polymorphism

Trabajo presentado al Annual Meeting of the American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society and Soil Science Society of America, celebrado en Cincinnati (USA) del 21 al 24 de octubre de 2012.Profilin, one of the major allergen (Ole e 2) of olive (Olea europaea L.) pollen, are broadly distributed actin-monomer-binding proteins (ABP). They display a major regulatory role in actin cytoskeleton dynamics, driving cell morphogenesis, sexual reproduction, and translating signals into cellular responses to different environmental stresses. Plants exhibit multiple profilin isoforms w ith distinctive biochemical properties, and differentially regulated. How ever, it is still an open question w hether these profilin isoforms, generated by multiple gene sequence polymorphism, are functionally different, as well as the role of that polymorphism in pollen allergy. Particularly, in differential epitopes generation, profilin isoforms sensitization and cross-reactivity among cultivars, and even among species. In the present study, w e have used mature pollen from olive, birch, hazel, timothy-grass, and maize, in addition to olive germinating pollen and seeds, w ith the aim to analyze the immune-reactivity and subcellular localization of profilin by using polyclonal and specific isoforms antibodies against olive and maize profilins. The results show ed immune-reactivity differences betw een the five species analyzed, betw een olive cultivars, as w ell as between reproductive and vegetative profilins. Furthermore, the existence of different profilin isoforms w as revealed along pollen germination stages. A differential subcellular distribution of profilin isoforms w as found in olive pollen. They w ere localized in the nucleus, pollen aperture regions, pollen and tube w alls and pollen tip, in addition to a general cytoplasmic distribution, in comparison to controls. Data suggest that profilin family might contain numerous functionally distinctive isoforms, spatial-temporal differentially expressed and regulated during vegetative development, pollen maturation and pollen tube grow th. Furthermore, differential immune-reactivity revealed in the study might point out the involvement of common shared and specific epitopes, generated by sequence polymorphism, in differential olive pollen cultivar sensitization of allergenic patients, and cross-reaction to pollen from different species.This study was supported by the following European Regional Development Fund cofinanced grants: MCINN BFU 2004-00601/BFI, BFU 2008-00629, BFU2011-22779, CICE (Junta de Andalucía) P2010-CVI15767, P2010-AGR6274, P2011-CVI-7487, P2011-CVI-7487, and by the coordinated project Spain/Germany MEC HA2004-0094.Peer reviewe

Artículo de historia de la medicina y el deporte: la actividad física, un estilo de vida saludable que se perdió en la historia de la humanidad

El origen de la actividad deportiva se sitúa en el Paleolítico Medio con la danza cultural que se realizaba en las cuevas, y el ejercicio surge como un centro impulsor en la vida de los cazadores cumpliendo funciones de ayuda a la caza, de carácter social al verlo como danza y contribuye al placer y al éxtasis del que lo ejecuta y se convierte en parte de la vida “normal”. Para otros autores el ejercicio vino aparejado al trabajo y a la defensa cuando se requiere del uso de la lanza, de la espada, del cuchillo y después del arco y la flecha. Finalmente, para otros autores aparece el ejercicio como una actividad natural para el cultivo al surgir la agricultura y se liga a eventos religiosos y por tanto no hay manera de quitar a la actividad física como parte de la vida diaria del hombre primitivo.El deporte moderno surge mas o menos en el siglo XVII en Inglaterra cuando la nobleza comienza a emigrar de los centros urbanos hacia las zonas rurales y comienza como deporte la caza, el golf, la hípica, la carrera y los ingleses hablan de dos tipos de sportman: el “amateur” que realiza actividades deportivas y no necesita trabajar y los profesionales que reciben dinero por la práctica del deporte, y a estas actividades se les llama “games”. En la medicina humana moderna, la actividad física comprende un conjunto de movimientos del cuerpo humano, obteniendo como resultado un gasto de energía. A veces se utiliza como sinónimo de ejercicio físico, que es una forma de actividad pero con planificación y sistematización con la finalidad de mejorar o al menos mantener lo que la sociedad de este siglo XXI ha entendido como “condición física”. Con respecto al ejercicio físico en los mexicanos se ha observado una tendencia al comportamiento sedentario promovido por la mecanización creciente tanto de los medios de transporte como al incremento en las actividades laborales y poca disponibilidad de tiempo libre, todo contribuyendo a un menor gasto de energía. Es necesario que la población mexicana actual entienda que debe practicar actividad física y transformar su estilo de vida para obtener el mayor beneficio en la vida: la salud que como lo define la OMS es el “estado de equilibrio físico, mental y social y no sólo la ausencia de enfermedad”