Hepatobiliary scintigraphy as a diagnostic modality for gastroparesis of the bypassed stomach after gastric bypass for morbid obesity.

After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), the excluded gastric remnant represents a challenge for the surgeon. Many diseases are reported to take place in that remnant, such as cancer, gastritis, and ulcer. On the other hand, diagnosing these pathological changes requires invasive intervention. We report the use of a noninvasive study to diagnose pathology in the bypassed stomach

Growth, yield and physiology of Verticillium-inoculated pepper plants treated with ATAD and composted sewage sludge

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of sanitized sewage sludges, ATAD (aerobic thermophilic autothermic digestion) and composted, on Verticillium-induced wilt in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Piquillo). Two doses of ATAD (15 and 30% v/v) and three of composted sludge (15, 30 and 45% v/v) were applied to a peat-based potting mix. Unamended substrate was included as control. Half of the plants were inoculated with V. dahliae, whereas the other half remained non-inoculated. Result showed that ATAD and composted sludge increased growth and yield of non-inoculated plants. V. dahliae reduced net photosynthesis (P n), mainly as a consequence of stomatal closure, 5 weeks after pathogen inoculation. The actual photosystem II efficiency was also reduced and consequently the electron transport rate (ETR). No photoinhibitory damage was observed at this time in diseased plants. At the end of the experiment, diseased plants showed lower plant biomass and fruit yield. ATAD sludge had little effect on the disease. Compost slightly alleviated Verticillium-induced wilt when applied at lower doses (15% v/v), which resulted in increased P n and ETR, and higher plant biomass and fruit yield. By contrast, higher doses of compost (45% v/v) enhanced the effect of the pathogen, which was related to the high substrate salinity in this treatment

Protocolo para la propagación por minicepas y miniestacas de yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.)

Problema o necesidad que se resolvió: La domesticación de la yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) es muy reciente, razón por la cual, las plantaciones son heterogéneas, presentan plantas de diferentes tamaños, crecimiento y vigor, resistencia a enfermedades, tipo de hojas entre otras. Esta disparidad se debe fundamentalmente a que las plantas son multiplicadas por semillas y en consecuencia ocurre una gran segregación de caracteres. A su vez, la multiplicación por semilla de la yerba mate presenta bajo porcentaje de germinación (13% a 14%), largo periodo requerido para el comienzo de la germinación (100 y 365 días), necesidad de repique al contenedor final; mayor costo en mano de obra y largo período de viverización (12 a 15 meses). Semilla de calidad genética escasa y cara. Producto o proceso generado: La técnica de propagación vegetativa por minicepas y miniestacas, desarrollada y descripta en el presente trabajo, es una alternativa a la producción de plantines por semillas, dado que permite aumentar la producción de propágulos (miniestacas) por unidad de superficie, con un menor tiempo de viverización. Además, esta técnica puede ser adaptada a la realidad de los pequeños y medianos productores para producir plántulas de yerba mate. Objetivos y actividades llevadas a cabo para el desarrollo del proceso: El objetivo del proyecto fue desarrollar una metodología de propagación vegetativa de yerba mate, que maximice el uso del espacio en el vivero, aumenten la tasa de multiplicación y homogeneidad en el manejo de vivero, factible de ser implementada por pequeños y medianos viveristas.&nbsp

3D Bioprinting and Near-Field Electrospinning Composite Scaffolds for the Bone-Ligament Interface

3D bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technique that can utilize a range of bioactive materials to construct specific architectures that mimic native tissue. Near-field electrospinning (NFE) offers precise alignment control to create non-woven mats with high tensile strengths. We built a custom E-spin printer that enables layer-by-layer alternating deposition between 3D bioprinting and NFE to create composite scaffolds for the bone-ligament interface. This complex region is difficult to simulate due to its functionally graded mechanical and biochemical properties. We created NFE poly(caprolactone) highly aligned micro-fibers which formed collagen fibril-like bundles. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate with decellularized bone was encased in the PCL fibers to create bony ligament support structures in a composite scaffold. Cytotoxicity of all materials was determined through a Live/Dead assay (Thermo Fisher) with NIH/3T3 cells. The materials and the composite scaffold were seeded with 3T3 cells and cultured for three days before undergoing an immunocytochemistry staining (ICC) to assess cell adhesion and spreading. Increased adhesion and spreading on decellularized bone scaffolds along with cell elongation in the direction of the fibers suggests the ability of the scaffold to encourage osteoblastic differentiation and ligamentous tissue formation, though a longitudinal study is still underway. Mechanical results suggest that the composite scaffolds have increased compressive strength over PEGDA alone as the PCL fibers constrict horizontal elongation, thus yielding a higher compressive modulus. The PCL fibers demonstrated a tensile strength approaching native ligament (3.96 ± 1.10 MPa), which shows promise as the ligament phase of the scaffold. The E-spin printer’s versatility with materials of disparate viscosities enabled the layer-by-layer fabrication of composite (PCL/PEGDA+bone) scaffolds that begin to mimic the complex nature of the bone-ligament interface

Beneficiado semi-mecanizado de vainilla

En este estudio se realizó el beneficiado o curado de vainilla de manera semi-mecanizada, implementado un horno eléctrico para proporcionar el calor requerido por los diversos tratamientos, ya el beneficiado tradicional de vainilla requiere de 120 días consecutivos, incrementando hasta en un 20% debido al aumento de la nubosidad y precipitación que concurre en los meses del beneficiado de vainilla. Debido a esto, el objetivo de esta investigación consistió en reducir el tiempo del beneficiado de vainilla tradicional, utilizando un horno como fuente calorífica sin afectar la calidad del producto. En este estudio se utilizó vainilla verde de Categoría II Ordinaria. Para determinar la calidad de los frutos verdes y beneficiados se implemento la metodología establecida por la NMX-FF-074-SCFI-2009, la cual incluyó la determinación del conte- nido de humedad de los frutos y contenido de vainillina. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, el proceso de beneficiado de vainilla se puede semi-mecanizar para reducir hasta en un 25% del tiempo tradicional con una calidad relativamente similar a la tradicional. Sin embargo, el contenido de vainillina varía con respecto a la temperatura de exposición del fruto > 50oC, en el beneficiado de vainilla

Podredumbre negra en Yuca amarilla (Manihot esculenta Crantz) causada por Thielaviopsis basicola

96-108Por primera vez se reporta al hongo Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. Broome) Ferris, como causa de podredumbre negra en las raíces comestibles de yuca amarilla. Para aislar el patógeno se utilizaron cebos preparados con raíces frescas y sanas de zanahoria. El hongo produjo sus estructuras reproductivas sobre raíces de yuca infectadas naturalmente y de zanahoria inoculadas experimentalmente. La identidad del organismo se determinó sobre la base de las características morfométricas de sus estructuras reproductivas y a través de análisis molecular por secuenciación de la región génica del rDNA, incluyendo las regiones variables ITS1 e ITS2. Pruebas de patogenicidad y reaislamientos confirmaron los postulados de Koch

Grapevine nutritional status and K concentration of must under future expected climatic conditions texturally different soils

Nutrition is a relevant issue for winegrowers because it influences grapevine growth, berry composition, as well as must and wine quality. In this research, the following impacts on the nutritional status of cv. Tempranillo grapevines were evaluated: simulated 2100 expected CO2, temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) conditions (FCC; 700 µmol CO2/mol air, 28/18°C day/night and 33/53% RH, day/night) vs. current CO2, T and RH conditions (Curr; 390 µmol CO2/mol air, 24/14°C and 45/65% RH); well-watered (WW) vs. future expected water deficit (WD); and three texturally different soils with different clay contents (41, 19 and 8%). FCC resulted in reduced concentrations in leaf blades of N and Ca at veraison and N and Zn at full maturity. WD resulted in higher leaf blade Na and Mn concentrations at veraison and maturity, respectively compared to WW. However, K concentrations in the leaves and must were higher for WW than WD. Higher concentrations of Ca and Mn were found in leaf blades of grapevines sampled at full maturity from more clayey soils. Even when nutrient inputs exceeded plant extractions, high soil clay content increased the K concentration in must and consequently, could affect wine quality in terms of acidity loss. However, future expected water stress will have the opposite effect, reducing the berry K uptake under high soil clay (41%) conditions

Plan estratégico de prevención y control del VHI en el departamento de Risaralda.

En esta presentación se evidencia el plan de intervención para la enfermedad ( VHI) en el departamento de Risaralda , este plan contiene las actividades que como grupo y creadores de dicho plan se van a llevar a cabo. Por otra parte incluye los actores que intervienen y hacen posible el proyecto.This presentation shows the intervention plan for the disease (IHV) in the department of Risaralda, this plan contains the activities that as a group and creators of said plan will be carried out. On the other hand, it includes the actors who intervene and make the project possibl

Effect of water stress during grain filling on yield, quality and physiological traits of illpa and rainbow quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars

The total area under quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivation and the consumption of its grain have increased in recent years because of its nutritional properties and ability to grow under adverse conditions, such as drought. Climate change scenarios predict extended periods of drought and this has emphasized the need for new crops that are tolerant to these conditions. The main goal of this work was to evaluate crop yield and quality parameters and to characterize the physiology of two varieties of quinoa grown under water deficit in greenhouse conditions. Two varieties of quinoa from the Chilean coast (Rainbow) and altiplano (Illpa) were used, grown under full irrigation or two different levels of water deficit applied during the grain filling period. There were no marked differences in yield and quality parameters between treatments, but the root biomass was higher in plants grown under severe water deficit conditions compared to control. Photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance decreased with increased water stress in both cultivars, but the coastal variety showed higher water use efficiency and less discrimination of C-13 under water deficit. This response was associated with greater root development and a better stomatal opening adjustment, especially in the case of Rainbow

Characterization of the adaptive response of grapevine (cv. Tempranillo) to UV-B radiation under water deficit conditions

This work aims to characterize the physiological response of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Tempranillo to UV-B radiation under water deficit conditions. Grapevine fruit-bearing cuttings were exposed to three levels of supplemental biologically effective UV-B radiation (0, 5.98 and 9.66 kJ m−2 day−1) and two water regimes (well watered and water deficit), in a factorial design, from fruit-set to maturity under glasshouse-controlled conditions. UV-B induced a transient decrease in net photosynthesis (Anet), actual and maximum potential efficiency of photosystem II, particularly on well watered plants. Methanol extractable UV-B absorbing compounds (MEUVAC) concentration and superoxide dismutase activity increased with UV-B. Water deficit effected decrease in Anet and stomatal conductance, and did not change non-photochemical quenching and the de-epoxidation state of xanthophylls, dark respiration and photorespiration being alternative ways to dissipate the excess of energy. Little interactive effects between UV-B and drought were detected on photosynthesis performance, where the impact of UV-B was overshadowed by the effects of water deficit. Grape berry ripening was strongly delayed when UV-B and water deficit were applied in combination. In summary, deficit irrigation did not modify the adaptive response of grapevine to UV-B, through the accumulation of MEUVAC. However, combined treatments caused additive effects on berry ripening