New Contexts for Old Melodies: Vaguely repeating evocative fragments as a way to reflect on my cultural heritage while struggling with the notation of time

The following text is a written commentary accompanying a portfolio of four original compositions for solo instruments (oboe, cello, voice and piano). The text is divided into three parts, each focusing on one of the issues that have defined my compositional practice lately, and which best help to clarify the nature of the compositions, their origin and their evolution. The first part addresses the use of fragments of popular and traditional songs as basic materials in my music, as well as issues of selection, evocation, resignification and reformulation brought by the use of such fragments, and the operations implemented on them. Further context is provided in a discussion of song and identity, in which my compositional output is framed as research into my cultural background and identity, and a discussion of song and nation, where that background is set against the current political crisis in Spain, which has directed my work towards musical traditions and songs that are strongly related to Spanish national and cultural identity. The second part focuses on form and perception, examining the key strategies regarding the approach to the organisation of time and material, including limited materials, repetition, and slowness. Issues related to process, quietness, development or reflexivity are also addressed. Finally, the third section describes the changing approaches to the notation of time that have arisen during the project. The notation of time has become a territory displaying a struggle between the expression of, on one hand, the maximum possible thoroughness regarding the transmission of information about durations and, on the other hand, the maximum achievable flexibility in the approximation towards materials aiming to convey a certain organicity, blurriness and elusiveness. This struggle has become central to the process of writing, and has led to different notational approaches to text, rhythm, pulse or space

Estimación del impacto de los cambios de la fecundidad en la dinámica demográfica del Estado de México a nivel municipal, 1990-2010

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar el impacto de la fecundidad en el crecimiento de los municipios del Estado de México en el periodo 1990-2010. Esto se hace con la información de los censos de población y vivienda para estimar tanto las tasas de crecimiento de la población total a nivel municipal como las tasas de crecimiento de los grupos de edad de cero a cuatro y de cinco a nueve años, que son los grupos poblacionales más asociados con la fecundidad en México. Entre los principales resultados está la constatación de la enorme diversidad del ritmo de crecimiento de la población a nivel municipal y que presenta tendencias erráticas en distintos momentos de estimación

Sistema de planificacion de la produccion y propuesta de control operacional en una empresa agrocomercial

118 p.El proyecto desarrollado en esta memoria consiste en el diseño de un sistema de planificación de la producción y una propuesta de control operacional en una empresa agrocomercial, la empresa es El Llano Ltda., con planta matriz en la comuna de Rauco (VII región) y oficina comercial en la caudal de Curico (VII región). Esta empresa se dedica a la producción y comercialización de champiñón blanco. Su problema principal es la falta de organización de lo procesos productivos. La solución propuestas fue diseñar un sistema de planificación de la producción y además elaborar una propuesta de control operacional que fuese capaz de organizar, a través de procedimientos estructurados, el trabajo de un determinado proceso productivo. En particular se requería definir la manera en que se iban a generar los distintos planes de producción, y también elaborar la manera en que se haría el control (procedimientos, formularios, indicadores). Una vez definidos los objetivos del trabajo a desarrollar, se hizo una revisión de la bibliografía referida al tema, en particular se estudio la metodología de planificación y control de la producción, pero se usaron herramientas simples y fáciles de entender por parte del personal. El diseño del sistema partió con una recopilación de todos los procesos productivos llevados a cabo por la empresa, luego se procedió a identificar cada una de las actividades desarrolladas, para posteriormente agruparlas mediante el criterio del flujo natural de producción del champiñón. A continuación se determino cuales eran los datos relevantes para elaborar un plan de producción, seguido a esto se diseñaron los procedimientos necesarios para elaborar los distintos planes de producción (plan agregado, maestro, detallado, requerimiento de materiales), luego se diseñaron los procedimientos de control a nivel operacional y la creación de indicadores para este. Finalmente se realizo una aplicación practica para este sistema, la cual consistió en ejecutar cada uno de los procedimientos del sistema aplicados a los datos de la empresa, generando así: plan agregado (agosto ‘07 – julio ‘08), plan maestro (agosto a octubre ‘07), plan detallado (dos semanas), plan de requerimiento de materiales (agosto a octubre ‘07). Se concluye de la memoria que para poder aplicar un sistema de planificación y control de la producción en una empresa pequeña, aunque se utilicen las herramientas mas simples, se necesita que el personal que quedo a cargo de generar planes a futuro tenga cierta capacitación especifica en el tema que se esta tratando y debe manejar los conceptos involucrados. Además si bien los datos entregados por la empresa, para ejecutar la planificación, fueron suficientes, el levantarlos implico un esfuerzo considerable, por lo que debiesen disponer de mayor información y de manera mas ordenada, pues facilitaría el proceso. A pesar de solo usar la intuición, la manera de trabajar de la empresa se acercaba bastante a lo correcto, por lo que las cosas no cambiaran en gran manera, a menos que se aumente la capacidad productiva. Una recomendación practica es la de contratar a un administrador de la planta que entienda un sistema de planificación a cabalidad, o también capacitar al que trabaja actualmente

Vertebral Morphology in Partially Sympatric Dolphins: A 3D Approach

In cetaceans, increased body flexibility is associated with increased maneuverability, this affects the animal’s swimming speed and foraging behavior. A more stable body form is associated with fast swimming and wide turns. One factor that affects the flexibility of a cetacean’s body is the structure and interaction of its vertebrae. Differences in vertebral morphology confer different muscular insertion sites and affect mechanical properties of swimming muscles. We studied vertebral morphology in four closely related and partially sympatric dolphin species from the Southern Hemisphere: Commerson’s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus commersonii), Peale’s dolphin (Lagenorhynchus australis), the dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) and the hourglass dolphin (Lagenorhynchus cruciger). The former two species are usually considered coastal, associated with complex habitats where foraging strategies require greater maneuverability; they also show plasticity in their prey preferences. The latter two species are considered fastswimming cooperative feeders, with long distance movements reflecting prey availability in pelagic habitats. We employed three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric techniques and multivariate analyses to evaluate differences in vertebral morphology. Our analyses tested whether particular morphologies that limit or enhance flexibility were associated with preferred habitats and feeding strategies. We established links between morphology and behavioral patterns based on the biomechanical significance of specific vertebral morphological features. Principal component analyses (PCA) showed great differentiation between species in all the studied regions along the vertebral column. This was especially evident in the middle area, except in the case of dusky and hourglass dolphins which showed no discernible morphological difference in their mid-column vertebrae. PCA results were supported by statistically significant Mahalanobis distances (MD) between species. Species associated with complex habitats and behaviors possessed morphological features associated with greater flexibility of the column (i.e., spool-shaped vertebrae with short erect processes), whereas cooperative-feeder species possessed features associated with greater stability (i.e., disk-shaped vertebrae with long strongly bent processes). In these closely related and partially sympatric dolphins, vertebral morphology is distinctive and varies with the differential foraging strategies and habitat of each species. These findings reveal morphological plasticity among these dolphin species, highlighting the importance of behavioral complexity and of habitat use in the evolutionary development of morphological adaptations.Fil: Marchesi, María Constanza. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Mora, Matias Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Dans, Silvana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Coscarella, Mariano Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; Argentin

Remesas internacionales y pobreza: estudios de caso en Michoacán y Oaxaca

es un articulo de varias investigaciones dirigidas por el primer autorEste trabajo analiza cómo las remesas internacionales, ayudan a los hogares a paliar su pobreza. Se toman como referencia, dos localidades indígenas de Oaxaca y una urbana en Michoacán, en éstas se realizaron entrevistas a jefes de hogar para indagar sobre la migración, las remesas, el modo de vida y los ingresos que generan en sus actividades cotidianas. El ingreso se compara con el costo de la canasta alimenticia y de bienestar, para establecer cuáles bienes y servicios pueden adquirir los hogares y como esto mejora al tener remesas. Los resultados exhiben que las remesas son un complemento sustancial para que más hogares puedan comprar alimentos, y más de ellos pueden comprar la canasta de bienestar. Con la primera se vive mejor, aunque sea mientras tienen remesas, en la segunda ya se acumulan activos y capacidades de largo plazoConacy

Características clínicas de la retinopatía diabética en pacientes enviados al Servicio de Oftalmología

Introducción: La retinopatía diabética (RD) es la tercera causa de ceguera de tipo irreversible en el mundo, pero prevenible. EL objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar sus características clínicas y el estadio en que Los pacientes son enviados al Servicio de Oftalmología, del Hospital General Regional (HGR) NC 220 del MSS. Objetivo: Determinar el estadio de RD de Los pacientes que son enviados por primera vez, al Servicio de Oftalmología del HGR N° 220 del IMSS Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo y transversal. A través de una cédula y la exploración oftalmológica realizada a los pacientes, se identificaron Ias características clínicas de 65 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM 2), de Los cuales 32 presentaron RD y 33 no la presentaron, por lo que fueron eliminados del estudio. Resultados: El estadio más frecuente fue el no proliferativo leve (40.62%), sin embargo se encontró un gran porcentaje de estadios avanzados. Por otra parte, La patología sistémica asociada más frecuente fue Ia hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones: El porcentaje de pacientes con estadios avanzados de RD, hace imprescindible reflexionar sobre el manejo del paciente con diabetes, siendo necesario un mayor control de la glicemia y una adecuada revisión oftalmológica

Inflammatory biomarkers and brain health indicators in children with overweight and obesity: The ActiveBrains project

INTRODUCTION: Chronic inflammation plays an important role on the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as well as on brain function and behaviour. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between inflammatory biomarkers and a wide range of brain health indicators (i.e., academic performance, executive function, behavioural and emotional functioning, and brain volume) in children with overweight/obesity. METHODS: A total of 107 children (10.0 ± 1.1 years, 41% girls) from the ActiveBrains project were included in the analysis. Five inflammatory biomarkers were analysed in plasma: white blood cell (WBC) count, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Academic performance was assessed by Woodcock-Munoz Tests of Achievement. Executive function was assessed through the Design Fluency Test for cognitive flexibility, the Stroop test for cognitive inhibition, and the Delayed Non-Match-to-Sample task for working memory. Behavioural and emotional functioning was evaluated through the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) questionnaire. Total and regional brain volume was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: IL-6 was inversely associated with adaptive skills (beta = -0.228; p = 0.030), while TNF-alpha was related to mathematics (beta = -0.198; p = 0.034). In addition, CRP was positively associated with externalizing (beta = 0.246; p = 0.046) and internalizing problems (beta = 0.234; p = 0.039), as well as the behavioural symptoms index (beta = 0.236; p = 0.047). However, these significant associations disappeared after multiple comparisons correction. Inflammatory biomarkers were not associated with executive function and total brain volumes. Regarding regional brain analyses, WBC was positively associated with gray matter volume in the left middle temporal gyrus (beta = 0.387; p < 0.001, k = 44), and CRP was positively associated with gray matter volume in the right superior temporal gyrus (beta = 0.439; p < 0.001, k = 29). Additionally, when adjusting by total brain volume, CRP was positively associated with gray matter volume in the right supplementary motor cortex (beta = 0.453; p < 0.001, k = 51). Moreover, both, IL-6 (beta = 0.366; p < 0.001, k = 81) and TNF-alpha (beta = 0.368; p < 0.001, k = 62) were positively associated with white matter volume around the right inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, while CRP was inversely associated with white matter volume around the left superior frontal gyrus (beta = -0.482; p < 0.001, k = 82). After adjusting by total brain volume, CRP was also inversely associated with white matter volume in 3 additional clusters (beta ranging from -0.473 to -0.404; p < 0.001, k = 87). CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation was slightly associated with brain health (i.e., academic performance, behavioural and emotional functioning and regional brain volume) in children with overweight or obesity. Further larger longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to elucidate the short-term and long-term effect of systemic low-grade inflammation on children's brain health

The role of heart rate on the associations between body composition and heart rate variability in children with overweight/obesity : the ActiveBrains project

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is negatively associated with body mass index and adiposity in several populations. However, less information is available about this association in children with overweight and obesity, especially severe/morbid obesity, taking into consideration the dependence of HRV on heart rate (HR). Objectives: (1) to examine associations between body composition measures and HRV, (2) to study differences in HRV between children with overweight and severe/morbid obesity; and (3) to test whether relationships and differences tested in objectives 1 and 2, respectively are explained by the dependency of HRV on HR. Methods: A total of 107 children with overweight/obesity (58% boys, 10.03 +/- 1.13 years) participated in this study. Body composition measures were evaluated by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). HRV parameters were measured with Polar RS800CXR (R). Results: Body composition measures were negatively associated with HRV indicators of parasympathetic activity (beta values ranging from -0.207 to -0.307, all p 0.05). Conclusion: All associations between adiposity/obesity and HRV could be explained by HR, suggesting a key confounding role of HR in HRV studies in children with weight disturbances

Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) in Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy (TPRK)

To evaluate the usage of plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) in transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK) in low and moderate myopia, patients who underwent myopic and astigmatism TPRK with PRGF were involved in this retrospective, observational study. Subjects underwent a surgical procedure between February 2019 and June 2019. A three-month follow-up was recorded. Pain score was assessed with a visual analogue scale (0–10) and re-epithelialization time recorded. A total of 48 eyes from 24 patients were recruited. Mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 20/20.31 (0.00 ± 0.02 LogMAR). A total of 98% of eyes did not change corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) lines. Two percent of eyes lost one line of CDVA. Preoperative spherical equivalent was −2.67 ± 1.37 D and after three months changed to −0.21 ± 0.34 D, and 2% of eyes changed 0.50 D or more between one and three months. Pain score was 3.29 ± 0.61 (3 to 6) score points at day one and 0.08 ± 0.27 score points at day seven. Finally, re-epithelialization time was 2.50 ± 1.20 days. PRGF addition to conventional refractive treatment such as TPRK seems to alleviate immediate postoperative pain and positively contribute to corneal re-epithelization time.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Relation between hyponatraemia and falls by acute hospitalised patients: A case-control study

Aims and objectives To investigate the possible association between hyponatremia and falls, in a sample of hospitalised adult patients. Background In-hospital falls are a problem of major importance, provoking a significant decline in the quality of life of many patients. Recent studies have identified a relationship between such falls and the presence of hyponatremia. Design Analytical retrospective observational case-control study. Methods The study population consisted of hospitalised patients who had suffered an in-hospital fall during the period 2014–2016. For each case, two controls who had not suffered any such fall were recruited. These cases and controls were matched according to gender, age, hospitalisation unit and date of admission. Study data were obtained from the hospital’s record of falls, regarding the patients’ socio-demographic factors, physical and psychological conditions and blood levels of sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine. The study is reported in accordance with STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Results The study sample consisted of 555 patients (185 cases and 370 controls). Hyponatraemia was detected in 57 cases (30.8%). A statistically significant relationship was found between the presence of hyponatraemia and the occurrence of falls: OR = 2.04. Other risk factors for falls were hypercreatinaemia OR 2.49, hyperuraemia OR 1.82, disorientation, need for ambulatory assistance and longer hospital stay. Conclusions From the study findings, we conclude that hyponatraemia is a predictor of falls by acute hospitalised patients. Further research is needed on the relationship between hypercreatinaemia, hyperuraemia and falls. (...)Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for- profit sectors