Epigenetics and Autoimmune Diseases

Epigenetics is defined as the study of all inheritable and potentially reversible changes in genome function that do not alter the nucleotide sequence within the DNA. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, nucleosome positioning, and microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential to carry out key functions in the regulation of gene expression. Therefore, the epigenetic mechanisms are a window to understanding the possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of complex diseases such as autoimmune diseases. It is noteworthy that autoimmune diseases do not have the same epidemiology, pathology, or symptoms but do have a common origin that can be explained by the sharing of immunogenetic mechanisms. Currently, epigenetic research is looking for disruption in one or more epigenetic mechanisms to provide new insights into autoimmune diseases. The identification of cell-specific targets of epigenetic deregulation will serve us as clinical markers for diagnosis, disease progression, and therapy approaches

Radiología Forense

En la medida que la radiología avanza con nuevos equipos de imágenes diagnósticas se van incorporando a otras áreas del conocimiento médico, en este caso en particular en la medicina forense, La radiografía tomografía y recientemente la resonancia, constituyen la denominada virtopsia, que visualización de estructura anatómicas del cadáver y sus lesiones sin necesidad de hacer apertura de cavidades. Se expone un caso clínico de víctimas por onda explosiva, donde la radiología convencional contribuye a la clasificación de las lesiones traumáticas, incluso la carta radiológica dental nos puede ayudar a la identificación de cadáveres que presentan severas lesiones. Se expone también el caso de una mujer embarazada que sufre un trauma como peatón. Se analiza Cuáles son las radiografías prioritarias Y cuántas deben tomarse, teniendo en cuenta que el límite de Radiación acumulada durante el embarazo es de 1 mSv. En este tipo de estudios debe tenerse en cuenta todas las medidas de protección radiológica: minimizar el tiempo de exposición, maximizar la distancia del técnico con el equipo de rayos x y el blindaje, La toma de imágenes debe realizarse con todos los protocolos de identificación utilizados en radiología. Se incluye además cuestionarios con conceptos básicos de radiología forense, además conceptos Relacionados con los procesos propios de descomposición cadavérica, como los tempranos y tardíos, fenómenos conservadores y destructores que pueden orientar al forense en el tiempo y tipo de muerte. Se evalúan conceptos adicionales de la muerte del recién nacido, como son la docimasia radiológica y la hidrostática.As radiology advances with new diagnostic imaging equipment, they are incorporated into other areas of medical knowledge, in this particular case in forensic medicine. Tomography radiography and recently resonance, constitute the so-called virtopsia, which visualization of structure anatomy of the corpse and its injuries without the need to open cavities, A clinical case of victims by explosive wave is exposed, where conventional radiology contributes to the classification of traumatic injuries, even the dental radiological chart can help us to identify corpses that present severe injuries. The case of a pregnant woman suffering trauma as a pedestrian is also exposed. What priority X-rays are analyzed and how many should be taken, taking into account that the accumulated Radiation limit during pregnancy is 1 mSv. In this type of study, all the radiological protection measures must be taken into account: minimize the exposure time, maximize the technician's distance from the x-ray equipment and the shielding. The imaging must be carried out with all the identification protocols used in radiology. It also includes questionnaires with basic concepts of forensic radiology, in addition concepts related to the own processes of cadaveric decomposition, such as early and late, conservative and destructive phenomena that can guide the forensic in time and type of death. additional concepts of newborn death are evaluated, such as radiological and hydrostatic docimasia

Immunosenescence, Aging, and Systemic Lupus Erythematous

Senescence is a normal biological process that occurs in all organisms and involves a decline in cell functions. This process is caused by molecular regulatory machinery alterations, and it is closely related to telomere erosion in chromosomes. In the context of the immune system, this phenomenon is known as immunosenescence and refers to the immune function deregulation. Therefore, functions of several cells involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses are severely compromised with age progression (e.g., changes in lymphocyte subsets, decreased proliferative responses, chronic inflammatory states, etc.). These alterations make elderly individuals prone to not only infectious diseases but also to malignancy and autoimmunity. This review will explore the molecular aspects of processes related to cell aging, their importance in the context of the immune system, and their participation in elderly SLE patient

Acciones que favorecen la admisión en las sedes regionales de la Universidad de Antioquia

La Universidad de Antioquia, a través de su modelo de regionalización, ha llegado a todas las regiones consolidándose como un proyecto departamental para la equidad y el desarrollo. Esto le ha valido el reconocimiento de los territorios al articular sus estrategias y propuestas a las realidades locales; sin embargo, actualmente la oferta de programas académicos en estas zonas es limitada y la tasa de admisión es baja; aunque se avizora una alternativa con el Acuerdo Académico 597 de agosto de 2022, que establece el puntaje mínimo estandarizado con el que se asignan los cupos disponibles en cada programa. En ese sentido, este trabajo tiene como objetivo proporcionar un marco teórico sobre el tema del acceso a la educación superior en regiones, acompañado de experiencias y recomendaciones de expertos obtenidas en entrevistas semiestructuradas, con el fin de desarrollar estrategias para mejorar la admisión en las sedes regionales de la Universidad de Antioquia.The University of Antioquia, through its regionalization model, has reached all regions, consolidating itself as a departmental project for equity and development. This has earned it the recognition of the territories by articulating its strategies and proposals to local realities; however, currently, the supply of academic programs in these areas is limited, and the admission rate is low, although there is an alternative envisioned with the Academic Agreement 597 august 2022, which establishes the minimum standardized score with which the available places are assigned in each program. In this sense, this work aims to provide a theoretical framework on the issue of access to higher education in regions, accompanied by experiences and recommendations of experts obtained in semi-structured interviews, to develop strategies to improve admission rates in University’s regional campuses

How does age at onset influence the outcome of autoimmune diseases?

The age at onset refers to the time period at which an individual experiences the first symptoms of a disease. In autoimmune diseases (ADs), these symptoms can be subtle but are very relevant for diagnosis. They can appear during childhood, adulthood or late in life and may vary depending on the age at onset. Variables like mortality and morbidity and the role of genes will be reviewed with a focus on the major autoimmune disorders, namely, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), Sjögren's syndrome, and autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD). Early age at onset is a worst prognostic factor for some ADs (i.e., SLE and T1D), while for others it does not have a significant influence on the course of disease (i.e., SS) or no unanimous consensus exists (i.e., RA and MS)

How Does Age at Onset Influence the Outcome of Autoimmune Diseases?

The age at onset refers to the time period at which an individual experiences the first symptoms of a disease. In autoimmune diseases (ADs), these symptoms can be subtle but are very relevant for diagnosis. They can appear during childhood, adulthood or late in life and may vary depending on the age at onset. Variables like mortality and morbidity and the role of genes will be reviewed with a focus on the major autoimmune disorders, namely, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), Sjögren's syndrome, and autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD). Early age at onset is a worst prognostic factor for some ADs (i.e., SLE and T1D), while for others it does not have a significant influence on the course of disease (i.e., SS) or no unanimous consensus exists (i.e., RA and MS)

Análisis de la pertinencia de los trabajos de grado del programa académico Administración de Empresas del año 1994 al 2009-1 realizados en la Universidad del Valle sede Palmira Tomo B

Hacer un estudio sociodemográfico, se constituye en una herramienta fundamental a la hora de hacer intervenciones con comunidades ya que pese a las buenas intenciones de cualquier organización gubernamental o privada, éstas no serían lo suficientemente efectivas sin un diagnóstico concreto de sus verdaderas necesidades. De esta manera hacer un análisis o estudio para la obtención de datos y poder sacar conclusiones sobre un grupo social determinado, es imperioso a la hora de hacer responsabilidad social empresarial ya que se obtendría un perfil que señale la dinámica y características actuales de una población determinada y así mismo se determinarían las estrategias de intervención. Variables como el sexo, la edad, la situación laboral, los ingresos económicos, el tamaño del hábitat y el nivel de escolaridad de los miembros de una comunidad, son entre otras, algunas de las que deben conocerse.PregradoADMINISTRADOR(A) DE EMPRESA

Epigenetics and autoimmune diseases

Epigenetics is defined as the study of all inheritable and potentially reversible changes in genome function that do not alter the nucleotide sequence within the DNA. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, nucleosome positioning, and microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential to carry out key functions in the regulation of gene expression. Therefore, the epigenetic mechanisms are a window to understanding the possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of complex diseases such as autoimmune diseases. It is noteworthy that autoimmune diseases do not have the same epidemiology, pathology, or symptoms but do have a common origin that can be explained by the sharing of immunogenetic mechanisms. Currently, epigenetic research is looking for disruption in one or more epigenetic mechanisms to provide new insights into autoimmune diseases. The identification of cell-specific targets of epigenetic deregulation will serve us as clinical markers for diagnosis, disease progression, and therapy approaches

Organic solvents as risk factor for autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Genetic and epigenetic factors interacting with the environment over time are the main causes of complex diseases such as autoimmune diseases (ADs). Among the environmental factors are organic solvents (OSs), which are chemical compounds used routinely in commercial industries. Since controversy exists over whether ADs are caused by OSs, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess the association between OSs and ADs. Methods and Findings: The systematic search was done in the PubMed, SCOPUS, SciELO and LILACS databases up to February 2012. Any type of study that used accepted classification criteria for ADs and had information about exposure to OSs was selected. Out of a total of 103 articles retrieved, 33 were finally included in the meta-analysis. The final odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained by the random effect model. A sensitivity analysis confirmed results were not sensitive to restrictions on the data included. Publication bias was trivial. Exposure to OSs was associated to systemic sclerosis, primary systemic vasculitis and multiple sclerosis individually and also to all the ADs evaluated and taken together as a single trait (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.25-1.92; p-value, 0.001). Conclusion: Exposure to OSs is a risk factor for developing ADs. As a corollary, individuals with non-modifiable risk factors (i.e., familial autoimmunity or carrying genetic factors) should avoid any exposure to OSs in order to avoid increasing their risk of ADs

Características de la estructura molecular de las proteínas E del virus del Zika y E1 del virus de la rubéola y posibles implicaciones en el neurotropismo y en las alteraciones del sistema nervioso

Introduction: Zika virus (ZIKV) an enveloped flavivirus, is transmitted to humans mainly by Aedes aegypti vector. ZIKV infection has been associated with high neurotropism and neuropathic effects such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome in the adult, fetal and postnatal microcephaly and congenital Zika virus syndrome similar to that produced by rubella virus (VR).Objective: To compare the molecular structures of E and E1 membrane proteins from Zika virus (E-ZIKV) and rubella virus (E1-RV) and to propose possible implications for neurotropism and nervous system disorders associated with ZIKV infections.Materials and methods: The amino acid sequence of E-ZIKV protein (PDB: 5iZ7) was aligned to that of rubella virus glycoprotein E1 (PDB: 4ADG). The secondary structure elements were determined using programs Vector NTI Advance®, DSSP, POSA and integrated data management tools (AlignX®). One of the main criteria of comparison and alignment was allocation of the structurally equivalent residues, with more than 70% identity.Results: The structural organization of the E-ZIKV (PDB: 5iZ7) was similar to E1-RV (PDB: 4ADG) (70% -80% identity) and corresponded to definition of terms pertinent to viral membrane Class II fusion glycoproteins. E-ZIKV and E1-RV exhibited highly conserved fusion structural elements at distal region of domain II that has been associated with Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein cell receptor of RV and Axl cell receptor of ZIKV and other flaviviruses.Conclusion: Comparison of the E-ZIKV and E1-RV proteins is a necessary step towards the definition of molecular determinants of neurotropism and pathogenesis of ZIKV in order to generate strategies for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of neurological complications induced by ZIKV infection.Introducción. El virus del Zika (ZIKV) es un flavivirus con envoltura, transmitido a los seres humanos principalmente por el vector Aedes aegypti. La infección por ZIKV se ha asociado con un gran neurotropismo y con efectos neuropáticos, como el síndrome de Guillain-Barré en el adulto y la microcefalia fetal y posnatal, así como con un síndrome de infección congénita similar al producido por el virus de la rubéola (RV).Objetivo. Comparar las estructuras moleculares de la proteína de envoltura E del virus del Zika (E-ZIKV) y de la E1 del virus de la rubéola (E1-RV), y plantear posibles implicaciones en el neurotropismo y en las alteraciones del sistema nervioso asociadas con el ZIKV.Materiales y métodos. La secuencia de aminoácidos de la proteína E-ZIKV (PDB: 5iZ7) se alineó con la de la glucopreteína E1 del virus de la rubéola (PDB: 4ADG). Los elementos de la estructura secundaria se determinaron usando los programas Vector NTI Advance®, DSSP y POSA, así como herramientas de gestión de datos (AlignX®). Uno de los criterios principales de comparación y alineación fue la asignación de residuos estructuralmente equivalentes, con más de 70 % de identidad.Resultados. La organización estructural de la proteína E-ZIKV (PDB: 5iZ7) fue similar a la de E1-RV (PDB: 4ADG) (70 a 80 % de identidad), y se observó una correspondencia con la estructura definida para las glucoproteínas de fusión de membrana de clase II de los virus con envoltura. E-ZIKV y E1-RV exhibieron elementos estructurales de fusión muy conservados en la región distal del dominio II, asociados con la unión a los receptores celulares de entrada del virus de la rubéola (glucoproteína de mielina del oligodendrocito, Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein, MOG), y con los receptores celulares Axl del ZIKV y de otros flavivirus.Conclusión. La comparación de las proteínas E-ZIKV y E1-RV es un paso necesario hacia la definición de otros factores moleculares determinantes del neurotropismo y la patogenia del ZIKV, el cual puede contribuir a generar estrategias de diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento de las complicaciones neurológicas inducidas por el ZIKV