Roadside vegetation management final report for the period December 1991 to September 1996 (FHWA-ODOT-96-05) 2187

The infonnation contained within this report addresses: (1) Research - involving the use of experimental, newly labeled and traditionally available herbicides in combination with mowing for roadside vegetation management; (2) Maintenance implementation of research results into an operational phase of the Oklahoma Department of Transportation ·s (ODOT) maintenance program. as well as performing on-site visits, telephone and written consultation to ODOT personnel; and (3) Training - conducting pesticide applicator certification programs, and providing continuing education programs for these certified applicators. The following are conclusions based on our research: (1) Campaign herbicide or Roundup plus 2,4-D may be used postemergence in place of atrazine or diuron applied pre-emergence for the control of winter annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. Tlllling of herbicide application is critical. (2) Ammonium sulfate may be added to either Campaign herbicide or the combination treatment of Roundup + 2,4-D amine to i?lprove control of winter annual weeds. This product addition may allow end users to reduce use rates of these herbicides. (3) Primo plus Oust may be used for temporary growth and seedhead suppression of common bermudagrass on roadsides; additional product labeling will be required to implement this treatment into the maintenance phase of ODOTs vegetation management'program. (4) The product Plateau., when combined with Roundup, will provide an acceptable level of both seedling and rhizome johnsongrass control (minimum of 80% control) in common bermudagrass roadsides with potential to reduce phytotoxicity as compared to the traditional Oust plus Roundup herbicide treatment. Several research plot tours, meetings, sprayer calibration workshops, musk thistle head weevil collection/release days as well as herbicide/fertilizer demonstrations were conducted throughout the duration of this project in order to implement current research information into an operational phase of ODOTs roadside vegetation management program. Training achievements included the execution of 12 pesticide applicator certification schools resulting in 146 new herbicide applicators becoming certified. A total of 68 continuing education programs were conducted with 2, 795 ODOT certified applicators attending over a 5 year period. Numerous training information sheets were developed and provided to applicators during workshops.Final Report, December 1991-September 1996N

Roadside vegetation management final report for the period July 1986 to June 1991 (FHWA-OK-91-10) 2147

The information contained within this report addresses: (1) Research -- involving the use of herbicides and plant growth regulators for roadside vegetation management; (2) Maintenance -- implementing research results into an operational phase of the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) maintenance program; and (3) Training -- conducting pesticide applicator certification programs and providing continuing educational programs for these certified applicators. The following are recommendations and/or conclusions based upon the research results. (1) Roundup rates may be reduced from 0.75 to 0.62 lb. ai./A in the western and central portions of Oklahoma while maintaining 90% control of johnsongrass. In the eastern one-third of the state, rates of Roundup should be maintained at 0.75 lb. ai./ A to achieve the 90% level of control. (2) When applied at equal rates, SC-0224 and Roundup provide equal con tro l of johnsongrass. (3) The additive Frigate, significantly increases the activity of Roundup and Roundup plus Oust treatments. (4) A single application of Arsenal applied at 1.2 lb. ai. in combination with Oust at 0.047 lb. ai. applied in 40 gallons of water per acre will effectively control bermudagrass encroachment into paved roadside shoulders and seams when applied in late May or June to actively growing bennudagrass. (5) Musk this tle can be effectively controlled with Transline at 0.125 to 0.25 lb. ai. in 25 to 50 gallons of water per acre applied during March through April when thistle plants are actively growing and prior to bolti ng (flowering). (6) Vision, a plant growth regulator, applied under an EUP label suppresses of bermudagrass growth along roadsides. S everal larg e-scale demonstrations were initiated throughout the duration of this project and are described as follows: Musk thistle control with Transline; johnsongrass control with Roundup+ Oust and/or Frigate; c on trol of Kudzu with Arsenal; bermudagrass encroachmen t control with Arsenal; silver bluestem control with Roundup, alone, or in combination with Oust and/or Frigate; bermudagrass canopy height su ppression with Vision or Poast plus a crop oil. Training activities included certification of 59 1 new ODOT herbi cide applicators and providing continuing educational programs for 1354 ODOT certified applicators.Final Report July 1986-June 1991N

Roadside development and erosion control (FHWA-OK-87-5)

The information contained within this report addresses: 1) Implementation of roadside development and erosion control results, 2) Herbicide evaluation for the effective and economical eradication of undesirable roadside vegetation, 3) Evaluation of species and cultural practices for ground cover establishment, and 4) Fertilizer evaluations for maintenance of ground covers. The following are recommendations based upon the research results. 1) For control of johusongrass alone or intermixed with silver bluestem, and bermudagrass release, apply 1.5 pints of Roundup plus 2 ounces of Oust in 20 to 40 gallons of water per acre during May after the bermudagrass has broken dormancy. 2) To control silver bluestem alone, apply 1.5 to 2.0 pints of Roundup in 20 to 40 gallons of water per acre during May, prior to seedhead formation. 3) For brush control: a) June application of 1 gallon Tordon K plus l gallon Garlon 4 in 50 gallons of water per acre (broadcast) or 100 gallons of water per acre (applied with handgun and spraying foliage to wet), or b) Krenite Sat 3 gallons plus a crop oil in 50 gallons of water per acre (broadcast) or in 100 gallons of water per acre (handgun) applied in August to October, prior to first fall coloration; or c) Roundup at 1.5 gallons in 98.5 gallons of water per acre and applied as a spot-treatment with handgun only. 4) Kochia can be effectively controlled with a preemergence application of Kariiiex 80W at 3 pounds product in 25 to 40 gallons of water per acre, applied in February or early March, or a postemergence application of Banvel at 0.5 pounds active ingredient in 25• to 40 gallons of water per acre, applied in May or early June. 5) For preemergence control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds, apply atrazine at 2 pounds active ingredient in 20 to 40 gallons of water per acre in February and not later than March 15. Karmex 80W can be used also at the same rate as given above for Kochia control.Final Report July 1981-June 1986N

Class Field Theory and the First Case of Fermat’s Last Theorem

Wetensch. publicatieFaculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappe

Multi-omics analyses of radiation survivors identify radioprotective microbes and metabolites

Ionizing radiation causes acute radiation syndrome, which leads to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular injuries. We investigated a population of mice that recovered from high-dose radiation to live normal life spans. These "elite-survivors" harbored distinct gut microbiota that developed after radiation and protected against radiation-induced damage and death in both germ-free and conventionally housed recipients. Elevated abundances of members of the bacterial taxa Lachnospiraceae and Enterococcaceae were associated with postradiation restoration of hematopoiesis and gastrointestinal repair. These bacteria were also found to be more abundant in leukemia patients undergoing radiotherapy, who also displayed milder gastrointestinal dysfunction. In our study in mice, metabolomics revealed increased fecal concentrations of microbially derived propionate and tryptophan metabolites in elite-survivors. The administration of these metabolites caused long-term radioprotection, mitigation of hematopoietic and gastrointestinal syndromes, and a reduction in proinflammatory responses

Meta-analysis identifies seven susceptibility loci involved in the atopic March

Eczema often precedes the development of asthma in a disease course called the a 'atopic march'. To unravel the genes underlying this characteristic pattern of allergic disease, we conduct a multi-stage genome-wide association study on infantile eczema followed by childhood asthma in 12 populations including 2,428 cases and 17,034 controls. Here we report two novel loci specific for the combined eczema plus asthma phenotype, which are associated with allergic disease for the first time; rs9357733 located in EFHC1 on chromosome 6p12.3 (OR 1.27; P=2.1 × 10 a'8) and rs993226 between TMTC2 and SLC6A15 on chromosome 12q21.3 (OR 1.58; P=5.3 × 10 a'9). Additional susceptibility loci identified

The SPTPoL extended cluster survey

We describe the observations and resultant galaxy cluster catalog from the 2770 deg2 SPTpol Extended Cluster Survey (SPT-ECS). Clusters are identified via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect and confirmed with a combination of archival and targeted follow-up data, making particular use of data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). With incomplete follow-up we have confirmed as clusters 244 of 266 candidates at a detection significance ξ ≥ 5 and an additional 204 systems at 4 4 threshold, and 10% of their measured SZ flux. We associate SZ-selected clusters, from both SPT-ECS and the SPT-SZ survey, with clusters from the DES redMaPPer sample, and we find an offset distribution between the SZ center and central galaxy in general agreement with previous work, though with a larger fraction of clusters with significant offsets. Adopting a fixed Planck-like cosmology, we measure the optical richness-SZ mass (l - M) relation and find it to be 28% shallower than that from a weak-lensing analysis of the DES data-a difference significant at the 4σ level-with the relations intersecting at λ = 60. The SPT-ECS cluster sample will be particularly useful for studying the evolution of massive clusters and, in combination with DES lensing observations and the SPT-SZ cluster sample, will be an important component of future cosmological analyses

Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology

Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements

Improving Genetic Prediction by Leveraging Genetic Correlations Among Human Diseases and Traits

Genomic prediction has the potential to contribute to precision medicine. However, to date, the utility of such predictors is limited due to low accuracy for most traits. Here theory and simulation study are used to demonstrate that widespread pleiotropy among phenotypes can be utilised to improve genomic risk prediction. We show how a genetic predictor can be created as a weighted index that combines published genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics across many different traits. We apply this framework to predict risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the Psychiatric Genomics consortium data, finding substantial heterogeneity in prediction accuracy increases across cohorts. For six additional phenotypes in the UK Biobank data, we find increases in prediction accuracy ranging from 0.7 for height to 47 for type 2 diabetes, when using a multi-trait predictor that combines published summary statistics from multiple traits, as compared to a predictor based only on one trait. © 2018 The Author(s)