22. LIKES : un environnement d’ingénierie linguistique et d’ingénierie des connaissances

Introduction La station LIKES (LInguistic and Knowledge Engineering Station) rassemble un ensemble d’outils de traitements de corpus utilisables par les linguistes et les informaticiens, aussi bien pour la recherche que pour l’enseignement. Ces outils rendent possibles des traitements de corpus simples : recherche de motifs, recherche de répétitions, recherche de candidats termes, recherche de relations, qui, ensemble, procurent une aide appréciable à la création de terminologie et d’ontologi..

Near-fatal acute dissection of the thoracic aorta involving the right coronary artery

We describe a patient with aortic dissection extending into the right coronary artery who was successfully resuscitated and operated upon after a cardiac arrest during transfer to the operating room. The use of transoesophageal echocardiography was particularly helpful for rapid diagnosis of aortic type A dissection and urgent surgical treatment

Mitochondria-specific photoactivation to monitor local sphingosine metabolism and function

Photoactivation ('uncaging') is a powerful approach for releasing bioactive small molecules in living cells. Current uncaging methods are limited by the random distribution of caged molecules within cells. We have developed a mitochondria-specific photoactivation method, which permitted us to release free sphingosine inside mitochondria and thereafter monitor local sphingosine metabolism by lipidomics. Our results indicate that sphingosine was quickly phosphorylated into sphingosine 1-phosphate (SIP) driven by sphingosine kinases. In time-course studies, the mitochondria-specific uncaged sphingosine demonstrated distinct metabolic patterns compared to globally-released sphingosine, and did not induce calcium spikes. Our data provide direct evidence that sphingolipid metabolism and signaling are highly dependent on the subcellular location and opens up new possibilities to study the effects of lipid localization on signaling and metabolic fate

Traumatismes fermés de l'aorte abdominale--mise au point

This study constitutes an update on current knowledge in the literature concerning closed traumas of the abdominal aorta. The morbidity of such lesions, in case of initial survival, depends on both rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment of hypovolemia and ischemia. The presence of associated intestinal lesions renders diagnosis difficult, modifies surgical treatment, and aggravates prognosis

Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase reduces neutrophil-mediated injury in myocardial infarction

Aims: nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is a key enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) biosynthesis, and recent evidence indicates its role in inflammatory processes. Here, we investigated the potential effects of pharmacological Nampt inhibition with FK866 in a mouse myocardial ischemia/reperfusion model. In vivo and ex vivo mouse myocardial ischemia/reperfusion procedures were performed. Results: treatment with FK866 reduced myocardial infarct size, neutrophil infiltration, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation within infarcted hearts in vivo in a mouse model of ischemia and reperfusion. The benefit of FK866 was not shown in the Langendorff model (ex vivo model of working heart without circulating leukocytes), suggesting a direct involvement of these cells in cardiac injury. Sera from FK866-treated mice showed reduced circulating levels of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL2 and impaired capacity to prime migration of these cells in vitro. The release of CXCL8 (human homolog of murine chemokine CXCL2) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Jurkat cells was also reduced by FK866, as well as by sirtuin (SIRT) inhibitors and SIRT6 silencing, implying a pivotal role for this NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase in the production of this chemokine. Innovation: the pharmacological inhibition of Nampt might represent an effective approach to reduce neutrophilic inflammation- and oxidative stress-mediated tissue damage in early phases of reperfusion after a myocardial infarction. Conclusions: nampt inhibition appears as a new strategy to dampen CXCL2-induced neutrophil recruitment and thereby reduce neutrophil-mediated tissue injury in mice

Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase reduces neutrophil-mediated injury in myocardial infarction

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is a key enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) biosynthesis, and recent evidence indicates its role in inflammatory processes. Here, we investigated the potential effects of pharmacological Nampt inhibition with FK866 in a mouse myocardial ischemia/reperfusion model. In vivo and ex vivo mouse myocardial ischemia/reperfusion procedures were performed

Formaliser les langues avec l’ordinateur : de INTEX à Nooj

Ce volume fait suite à celui publié en 2004, et rassemble une sélection de vingt-trois communications parmi celles présentées aux sixièmes (Sofia 2003) et septièmes (Tours 2004) journées INTEX/NooJ. NooJ, qui est disponible depuis fin 2002, est la nouvelle génération du logiciel INTEX. Son moteur linguistique contient des améliorations significatives à tous les niveaux de la formalisation linguistique. Les thématiques qui se dégagent de ce volume portent sur (1) la formalisation de ressources linguistiques avec INTEX et NooJ, (2) l’utilisation de corpus pour en caractériser le vocabulaire, et (3) l’analyse syntaxique automatique, avec une étude sur la levée d’ambiguïtés, et une classification syntaxique des phrases d’un texte littéraire. Le numéro conclut enfin avec une discussion sur trois applications de TALN « non NooJ » mais qui proposent de nouvelles voies d’exploration pour NooJ : un logiciel d’analyse de corpus, le WEB sémantique et la traduction automatique