A case report on choledochoduodenal fistula: how to suspect this unusual entity?

A choledochoduodenal fistula is an abnormal connection between the common bile duct and the duodenum, which are associated with a history of problems in the common bile duct. It has appeared in 0.74% of patients submitted for biliary tract surgery. The most frequent symptoms of non-obstructive enteric biliary fistulas are: epigastric pain, cholangitis (80.91%), jaundice (54,.26%), fever (50.69%), nausea and/or vomiting (10.30%), abdominal distension (0.39%), asymptomatic (0.11%), and diarrhea (0.11%). Diagnostic imaging methods provide the data of greatest interest in revealing the presence of air in the bile duct. This method, as well as barium reflux under the biliary tree in contrasted studies and in ERCP, reveal the fistulous tract and its location. Neither the prevalence, nor the clinical characteristics that pertain to its presentation, are well known among our population. Possible treatments for this illness include conservative treatment with medication, endoscopic sphincterotomy, and surgical therapy

CentrosomeDB: a human centrosomal proteins database

Active research on the biology of the centrosome during the past decades has allowed the identification and characterization of many centrosomal proteins. Unfortunately, the accumulated data is still dispersed among heterogeneous sources of information. Here we present centrosome:db, which intends to compile and integrate relevant information related to the human centrosome. We have compiled a set of 383 likely human centrosomal genes and recorded the associated supporting evidences. Centrosome:db offers several perspectives to study the human centrosome including evolution, function and structure. The database contains information on the orthology relationships with other species, including fungi, nematodes, arthropods, urochordates and vertebrates. Predictions of the domain organization of centrosome:db proteins are graphically represented at different sections of the database, including sets of alternative protein isoforms, interacting proteins, groups of orthologs and the homologs identified with blast. Centrosome:db also contains information related to function, gene–disease associations, SNPs and the 3D structure of proteins. Apart from important differences in the coverage of the set of centrosomal genes, our database differentiates from other similar initiatives in the way information is treated and analyzed. Centrosome:db is publicly available at http://centrosome.dacya.ucm.es

Naturally light right-handed neutrinos in a 3-3-1 Model

In this work we show that light right-handed neutrinos, with mass in the sub-eV scale, is a natural outcome in a 3-3-1 model. By considering effective dimension five operators, the model predicts three light right-handed neutrinos, weakly mixed with the left-handed ones. We show also that the model is able to explain the LSND experiment and still be in agreement with solar and atmospheric data for neutrino oscillation.Comment: About 5 pages, no-figure

Virtual research and learning communities in Latin America : The CEVALE2VE case

New strategies for the adaptation of higher scientific education to the requirements of the network society are briefly discussed, in particular the pivotal role played by virtual research and learning communities in the Latin American region. The Centro Virtual de Altos Estudios de Altas Energias (CEVALE2VE) is singled out in reference to the virtual graduate course on particle physics that was given at several Venezuelan and Colombian national universities and research institutions during the semesters September 2014 - February 2015 and March 2016 - July 2016. Different course implementation aspects are reviewed to encourage and facilitate similar regional initiatives in the near future.Peer reviewe

Environmental and Occupational Factors; Contribution and Perspectives on Difficult to Treat Asthma

There are multiple well-recognized environmental factors that contribute to asthma exacerbation. Exposures to many of them will get unrecognized and most of the time will remain constant without knowing it is the causative agent. For an early identification of exposures and causative agents, a systematic approach needs to be taken in consideration by the encountering physician. Multiple questionnaires had been implementing and discussing organic and inorganic factors as well intrinsic and extrinsic factors. It is well-recognized that environmental exposures can cause worsening of asthma, other allergic conditions and even more severe pulmonary diseases. Asthma is a very prevalent disease with increased incidence nowadays. In the last decade, multiple new medications had been discovered for the treatment of moderate-to-severe persistent asthma, which most of them target the cellular component of the disease such as eosinophils and specific Immunoglobins. In the era of personalized medicine, environmental and occupational factors in asthma are key players that need to be recognized early in this patient population. In this chapter will go over model of effects, mechanism of action of these environmental factors, recognition, course of action and management of this patient population

Structure-based model for light-harvesting properties of nucleic acid nanostructures

Programmed self-assembly of DNA enables the rational design of megadalton-scale macromolecular assemblies with sub-nanometer scale precision. These assemblies can be programmed to serve as structural scaffolds for secondary chromophore molecules with light-harvesting properties. Like in natural systems, the local and global spatial organization of these synthetic scaffolded chromophore systems plays a crucial role in their emergent excitonic and optical properties. Previously, we introduced a computational model to predict the large-scale 3D solution structure and flexibility of nucleic acid nanostructures programmed using the principle of scaffolded DNA origami. Here, we use Förster resonance energy transfer theory to simulate the temporal dynamics of dye excitation and energy transfer accounting both for overall DNA nanostructure architecture as well as atomic-level DNA and dye chemical structure and composition. Results are used to calculate emergent optical properties including effective absorption cross-section, absorption and emission spectra and total power transferred to a biomimetic reaction center in an existing seven-helix double stranded DNA-based antenna. This structure-based computational framework enables the efficient in silico evaluation of nucleic acid nanostructures for diverse light-harvesting and photonic applications.United States. Office of Naval Research (ONR N000141210621)United States. Army Research Office (ARO MURI W911NF1210420

Detección serológica del Virus Papiloma Humano en mujeres mayores de 20 años. Caso sector “Gary Esparza”, Babahoyo, Ecuador // Serological detection of human papilloma virus in women over 20 years. “Gary Esparza” sector, Babahoyo, Ecuador

El Virus del Papiloma Humano (HPV) tiene un genoma ADN bicatenario perteneciente a la familia de los Papovaviridae, tiene capacidad oncogénica en una variedad de mamíferos, en especial el hombre, en el que se conoce más de 200 serotipos y representa una de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual más común, por su relación de patogenia oncológica. Se clasifica en tipos de alto y bajo riesgo oncológico (IARC), también se ha descrito otros tipos de infecciones como las orofaríngeas y amigdalitis. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el cribado de detección de anticuerpos IgG contra los genotipos 6, 11, 16 y 18 del virus mencionado, mediante la técnica serológica de Microelisa. Mediante un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal, realizado en el primer semestre del año 2015 en el Sector Gary Esparza del cantón Babahoyo, provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador, de un universo de 250 habitantes se tomaron muestras sanguíneas a 97 mujeres mayores de 20 años y determinó 8 casos positivos (8.25%), con ello se estableció el primer diagnóstico serológico en el país, lo que constituye una herramienta de detección preliminar o screening de un gran número de muestras. ABSTRACT The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a virus that has a double-stranded DNA genome belonging to the Papovaviridae family. It has oncogenic ability in a variety of mammals, especially man, in which more than 200 serotypes are known and represents one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases because of its relation to oncological pathogenesis.  It is classified into high and low cancer types (IARC), other types of infections such as oropharyngeal and tonsillitis have also been described. The objective of this study was to determine the screening of IgG antibodies against Human Papilloma Virus genotypes 6, 11, 16 and 18 using the Microelisa serological technique. A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out during the first semester of 2015 in the Gary Esparza Sector of Babahoyo, Los Ríos province, with a population of 250 habitants. Blood samples were taken from 97 women with 20 years old, being determined 8 positive cases (8.25%), establishing the first serological diagnosis in the country, which is a tool for preliminary screening or screening of a large number of samples

Coulomb explosion imaging of small polyatomic molecules with ultrashort x-ray pulses

Ultrashort x-ray pulses from free-electron lasers can efficiently charge up and trigger the full fragmentation of molecules. By coincident detection of up to five ions resulting from rapid Coulomb explosion of highly charged iodomethane, we show that the full three-dimensional equilibrium geometry of this prototypical polyatomic system can be determined from the measured ion momenta with the help of a charge buildup model. Supported by simulations of how the ion momenta would reflect specific changes in molecular bond lengths and angles, we demonstrate that Coulomb-explosion imaging with ultrashort x-ray pulses is a promising technique for recording movies of multidimensional nuclear wave packets, including hydrogen motions

Investigating charge-up and fragmentation dynamics of oxygen molecules after interaction with strong X-ray free-electron laser pulses

During the last decade, X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have enabled the study of light–matter interaction under extreme conditions. Atoms which are subject to XFEL radiation are charged by a complex interplay of (several subsequent) photoionization events and electronic decay processes within a few femtoseconds. The interaction with molecules is even more intriguing, since intricate nuclear dynamics occur as the molecules start to dissociate during the charge-up process. Here, we demonstrate that by analyzing photoelectron angular emission distributions and kinetic energy release of charge states of ionic molecular fragments, we can obtain a detailed understanding of the charge-up and fragmentation dynamics. Our novel approach allows for gathering such information without the need of complex ab initio modeling. As an example, we provide a detailed view on the processes happening on a femtosecond time scale in oxygen molecules exposed to intense XFEL pulses