Seismicity and seismotectonics for the Northern sector of the Algeciras Fault System, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia

Al Sistema de Fallas de Algeciras (SFA), se le han asignado cuatro sismos históricos desde finales del siglo XVIII, que en términos de magnitud recalculada desde análisis macrosísmicos tuvieron una magnitud M>6.5. Uno de estos, el del 9 de febrero de 1967, fue registrado instrumentalmente con Mw 7.2. En este trabajo se realizó un estudio del sector norte de este sistema de fallas entre los 3° y 4°N. Entre el 31 de octubre de 2016 y el 18 de julio de 2018, se presentaron cuatro sismos con Mw>4.8, que la Red Sismológica Nacional de Colombia (RSNC) localizó en el municipio de Colombia, departamento del Huila, asignándolos a fallas del SFA. Luego, en diciembre 24 de 2019, se presentó un sismo con Mw 6.0, que se asignó a la Falla Algeciras perteneciente al SFA en el departamento del Meta. En esta investigación se encontró que los sismos de la región de Colombia se produjeron en las fallas Altamira y Nazareth, las cuales son fallas inversas en un contexto tectono - estratigráfico diferente al SFA. El SFA al norte de los 3°N define en esta región el piedemonte llanero. Para las fallas Altamira y Nazareth, los mecanismos focales indicaron fallas inversas, mientras que en la región de Mesetas estos mecanismos obedecieron a fallas transcurrentes concordantes con el SFA. Dada la alta generación de sismos con Mw>5.0 en estas fallas en un lapso inferior a 10 años, se establece que su potencial sismogénico contribuye de manera importante a la amenaza sísmica del centro y el suroccidente de Colombia, sin embargo, en este trabajo se encontró además que la denominada Falla Algeciras, principal componente del SFA por la literatura, está segmentada y no es continua, por lo que se debe revaluar su potencial sismogénico.From the late seventeenth century, the Algeciras Fault System (AFS) has been attributed to four historical earthquakes whose magnitude recalculated from macroseismic scale analysis had a magnitude of M>6.5. One of these, that of February 9th, 1967, was instrumentally registered with a magnitude of Mw 7.2. In this work, a study was carried out in the Northern sector of this fault system between 3° and 4°N. Between October 31st, 2016, and July 18th, 2018, four earthquakes with Mw>4.8, were located by the National Seismological Network of Colombia (NSNC) in the municipality of Colombia, department of Huila, were attributed by them to the AFS. Then, on December 24th, 2019, an earthquake with Mw 6.0 was attributed by the NSCS to the Algeciras fault in the department of Meta. This fault is part of the AFS. In accordance with this research, the earthquakes in the region of Colombia occurred in the Altamira and Nazareth Faults, which are reverse faults in a tectono-stratigraphic framework different from the AFS. The AFS toward north of 3°N defines the Llanos Foothills in this region. For the Altamira and Nazareth Faults, the earthquake focal mechanisms indicated inverse faults, while in the Mesetas region its earthquake focal mechanisms indicated right lateral strike - slip faults consistent with the AFS. Because of the high generation of earthquakes with Mw>5.0 for these faults in a period of less than 10 years, here it is established that their seismogenic potential contributes in a very important way to the seismic hazard of central and southwestern Colombia. However, in this work it was also found that the so-called Algeciras Fault, the main component of the SFA in the literature, is segmented and not continuous, so its seismogenic potential should be reassessed

A personalized intervention to prevent depression in primary care: cost-effectiveness study nested into a clustered randomized trial

Abstract Background: Depression is viewed as a major and increasing public health issue, as it causes high distress in the people experiencing it and considerable financial costs to society. Efforts are being made to reduce this burden by preventing depression. A critical component of this strategy is the ability to assess the individual level and profile of risk for the development of major depression. This paper presents the cost-effectiveness of a personalized intervention based on the risk of developing depression carried out in primary care, compared with usual care. Methods: Cost-effectiveness analyses are nested within a multicentre, clustered, randomized controlled trial of a personalized intervention to prevent depression. The study was carried out in 70 primary care centres from seven cities in Spain. Two general practitioners (GPs) were randomly sampled from those prepared to participate in each centre (i.e. 140 GPs), and 3326 participants consented and were eligible to participate. The intervention included the GP communicating to the patient his/her individual risk for depression and personal risk factors and the construction by both GPs and patients of a psychosocial programme tailored to prevent depression. In addition, GPs carried out measures to activate and empower the patients, who also received a leaflet about preventing depression. GPs were trained in a 10- to 15-h workshop. Costs were measured from a societal and National Health care perspective. Qualityadjustedlife years were assessed using the EuroQOL five dimensions questionnaire. The time horizon was 18 months.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Health, the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ’A way to build Europe’(grant references PS09/02272, PS09/02147, PS09/01095, PS09/00849 and PS09/00461); the Andalusian Council of Health (grant reference PI-0569-2010); the Spanish Network of Primary Care Research ’redIAPP’ (RD06/0018, RD12/0005/0001); the ’Aragón group’ (RD06/0018/0020, RD12/0005/0006); the ’Bizkaya group’ (RD06/0018/0018, RD12/0005/0010); the Castilla-León Group (RD06/0018/0027); the Mental Health (SJD) Barcelona Group (RD06/0018/0017, RD12/0005/0008); and the Mental-Health, Services and Primary Care (SAMSERAP) MálagaGroup (RD06/0018/0039, RD12/0005/0005)

fr8hub WP3 Deliverable 3.1 State-of-the-art and specification of innovations, demonstrations and simulations (Shift2Rail)

### The deliverable is available online here: ### Link 1: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/777402 ### Link 2: https://projects.shift2rail.org/s2r_ip5_n.aspx?p=FR8HUB ### Abstract: The main aspects of the Shift2Rail project fr8hub are to increase efficiency at the nodes, hubs and terminals in the freight railway system. In addition, the impact of increasing freight train speeds on line capacity will be investigated. Furthermore, the development of freight locomotives of the future will be continued. WP3 delivers a demonstrator showcasing the effects of 1) improved traffic management through better interaction between line and yard, and 2) increased freight speed and its effects on overall increased capacity, punctuality and reduced travel time for both passenger and freight trains. To evaluate and validate the effects, two important lines on the Scandinavian-Mediterranean Corridor in the TEN-T network (Malmö - Hallsberg and Karlsruhe - Basel) in Sweden and Germany are used as case studies. ### fr8hub, Real-time information applications and energy efficient solutions for rail freight; project funded from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (IP5 - freight

fr8hub WP3 Deliverable 3.2 Demonstration of FR8HUB Network Management Concept (Shift2Rail)

### The deliverable is available online here: ### Link 1: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/777402 ### Link 2: https://projects.shift2rail.org/s2r_ip5_n.aspx?p=FR8HUB ### Abstract: The main aspects of the Shift2Rail project fr8hub are to increase efficiency at the nodes, hubs and terminals in the freight railway system. In addition, the impact of increasing freight train speeds on line capacity will be investigated. Furthermore, the development of freight locomotives of the future will be continued. WP3 delivers a demonstrator showcasing the effects of 1) improved traffic management through better interaction between line and yard, and 2) increased freight speed and its effects on overall increased capacity, punctuality and reduced travel time for both passenger and freight trains. To evaluate and validate the effects, two important lines on the Scandinavian-Mediterranean Corridor in the TEN-T network (Malmö - Hallsberg and Karlsruhe - Basel) in Sweden and Germany are used as case studies. ### fr8hub, Real-time information applications and energy efficient solutions for rail freight; project funded from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (IP5 - freight

A personalized intervention to prevent depression in primary care: cost-effectiveness study nested into a clustered randomized trial.

Depression is viewed as a major and increasing public health issue, as it causes high distress in the people experiencing it and considerable financial costs to society. Efforts are being made to reduce this burden by preventing depression. A critical component of this strategy is the ability to assess the individual level and profile of risk for the development of major depression. This paper presents the cost-effectiveness of a personalized intervention based on the risk of developing depression carried out in primary care, compared with usual care. Cost-effectiveness analyses are nested within a multicentre, clustered, randomized controlled trial of a personalized intervention to prevent depression. The study was carried out in 70 primary care centres from seven cities in Spain. Two general practitioners (GPs) were randomly sampled from those prepared to participate in each centre (i.e. 140 GPs), and 3326 participants consented and were eligible to participate. The intervention included the GP communicating to the patient his/her individual risk for depression and personal risk factors and the construction by both GPs and patients of a psychosocial programme tailored to prevent depression. In addition, GPs carried out measures to activate and empower the patients, who also received a leaflet about preventing depression. GPs were trained in a 10- to 15-h workshop. Costs were measured from a societal and National Health care perspective. Qualityadjustedlife years were assessed using the EuroQOL five dimensions questionnaire. The time horizon was 18 months. With a willingness-to-pay threshold of €10,000 (£8568) the probability of cost-effectiveness oscillated from 83% (societal perspective) to 89% (health perspective). If the threshold was increased to €30,000 (£25,704), the probability of being considered cost-effective was 94% (societal perspective) and 96%, respectively (health perspective). The sensitivity analysis confirmed these results. Compared with usual care, an intervention based on personal predictors of risk of depression implemented by GPs is a cost-effective strategy to prevent depression. This type of personalized intervention in primary care should be further developed and evaluated. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01151982. Registered on June 29, 2010