Is the WTO Article XXIV bad?

This paper shows that the WTO's Article XXIV increases the likelihood of free trade, but may worsen world welfare when free trade is not reached and customs unions (CUs) form. We consider a model of many countries. Article XXIV prevents a CU from raising its common external tariff, which makes CU formation less attractive and explains why free trade is more likely. In an equilibrium where two CUs do form, one is necessarily larger than the other. We show that Article XXIV has a 'composition effect' on CU formation, whereby CUs are (endogenously) more symmetric in size so more goods are subject to tariff distortions as they move between CUs; thus Article XXIV may be 'bad' for world welfare

Is the GATT/WTO's Article XXIV bad?

Post-print draft dated July 25, 2012. Final version published by Elsevier; available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/The GATT/WTO Article XXIV prevents a customs union (CU) from raising its common external tariff. In this paper, we compare CU formation with and without this Article XXIV constraint. We show, in a multi-country oligopoly model, that for a given CU structure, Article XXIV improves world welfare by lowering trade barriers. However, we also show that Article XXIV has a composition effect on CU formation: it affects the endogenous choice of CUs. By encouraging more symmetric CUs, Article XXIV causes more trade to be subject to trade barriers. As a result, Article XXIV may be ‘bad’ for world welfare

Muzejní profese a veřejnost 2

Title in English: Museum professions and the public 2: Reflection of the educational phenomenon in contemporary museum practice. Among topical issues in present-day museology and museum practice is the dynamic relationship between science and education. The functionality of this interconnection in museum practice is projected into various forms of communication of research results achieved by professional museum workers to the general public. This mainly concerns the creation of well-understandable and visitor-attractive temporary and permanent exhibitions, specialised education programmes for schoolchildren or other groups, popularising thematic lectures and other accompanying programmes and cultural events, which at the same time observe the didactic rules of scientificity, presentiveness, interconnection of theory and practice etc. The publication offers a current insight into selected scientific disciplines involved in museum institutions and into the specifics of museum practice in the field of popularisation and mediation of their educational potential to the general public

Selection effects with heterogeneous firms

We provide a general characterization of which firms will select alternative ways of serving a market. If and only if firms' maximum profits are supermodular in production and marketaccess costs, more efficient firms will select into the activity with lower market-access costs. Our result applies in a range of models and under a variety of assumptions about market structure. We show that supermodularity holds in many cases but not in all. Exceptions include FDI (both horizontal and vertical) when demands are “sub-convex” (i.e., less convex than CES), fixed costs that vary with access mode, and R&D with threshold effects

Changes of the transmission and the formation of cultural capital between generations

Práce si klade za cíl zmapovat a zjistit, zda došlo od poloviny 20. století k proměně v předávání a formování kulturního kapitálu mezi generacemi. Klíčovým zdrojem pro uchopení kulturního kapitálu je koncept kulturního kapitálu od Bourdieho, Lamonta a Lareauho. Pro svůj výzkum jsem si zvolila kvantitativní přístup a tedy dotazníkové šetření, které bylo určené osobám ve věku od 15 do 60 let.Katedra sociologieObhájenoThe aims of this thesis is map and determine, whether there has been changes in the transmission and the formation of cultural capital between generations since the mid-20th century. A key resource for grasping the concept of cultural capital is the cultural capital by Bourdieu, Lamont and Lareauho. For my research I chose the quantitative approach and therefore a survey, which was addressed to the persons 15-60 years old

Records of dose parameters in radiodiagnostic workplaces - contemporary state

The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the characteristics of ionizing radiation. It explains the interaction of ionizing radiation with substance and cells. Attention is also paid to the mechanism of damage caused to the cells of the human body. It explains the basic principles of radiation protection. The paper describes the function of the ionization chamber, as the most common device used in dosimetry of ionizing radiation. A large section is devoted to formulas, which are routinely used to determine the effective doses. It explains basic indicator of obesity, body mass index, which has a significant impact on the dose received by a patient during examination. At the end of the theoretical part, hospital information systems and programs, offered by companies for record keeping of batch parameters at radiodiagnostic workplaces, are mentioned. An integral part is also the legislation which governs the registration of batch parameters, not only in the Czech Republic, but also in the European Union. The practical part of the bachelor thesis provides a comparison of two radiodiagnostic sites. Furthermore, an analysis of data provided by the database of Radiodiagnostic Department of the University Hospital in Plzeň - Bory was conducted in the practical part of the thesis. Due to the increasing number of computer tomography, 20 most dose-intensive examinations were selected. What examination it was and what could cause such a high dose was examined

Environmental values as part of individual lifestyles and the basis for new collectivities

Diplomová práce je koncipována jako etnografie malé neformální skupiny. Členové této skupiny svými postoji reagují na vyhrocený individualismus vyplývající ze snahy moderní doby nechat zodpovědnost za vše na jedincích. Prostřednictvím etnografických metod tato práce zachycuje, jak je v rámci této skupiny utvářena sdílená kolektivita, ale zároveň i individuální postoje jedinců. Je to specifická skupinu lidí, kteří se sdružují za účel produkování a sdílení konzumních hodnot, které jsou z domácích zdrojů, bez genetických úprav, bez chemických postřiků apod. Cílem těchto lidí je zajistit sobě a své rodiny co nejlepší konzumní hodnoty. V rámci etnografie byly prováděny rozhovory, pozorování při konání sešlostí a pozorování e-mailové konverzace. Během těchto sešlostí se členové skupiny scházejí za účelem výroby a konzumace domácích potravin. Práce analyzuje postoje jedinců, kteří se stávají součástí těchto kolektivit, v kontextu individualizačních teorií, teorii tzv. nových sociálních hnutí a jejich souvislostí s environmentálními otázkami.ObhájenoThis dissertation is conceived as etnographie small informal groups. Members of this group react to their position acriomonious individualism resulting from the efforts of modern times to leave the responsibility for everything on individuals. Through ethnographic methods, this work shows, how is within this group shaped by shared collectivity, but also the individual attitudes of individuals. It is specific group of people, who come together for the purpose of producing and sharing of consumer values, which are from domestic sources without genetic modification, without chemical sprays, etc. The aim this people is to provide for themselves and for their families the best possible consumer values. Within etnografy were carried out interviews, observations of holding gatherings and observation e-mail conversations. During these gatherings the group members meet of production and consuming of homemade food. The thesis analyzes the attitude of individuals, who become part of the collectivity, in the context of individualization theory, theory new social movements, and their implications with environmental questions

Environmental values as part of individual lifestyles and the basis for new collectivities

Diplomová práce je koncipována jako etnografie malé neformální skupiny. Členové této skupiny svými postoji reagují na vyhrocený individualismus vyplývající ze snahy moderní doby nechat zodpovědnost za vše na jedincích. Prostřednictvím etnografických metod tato práce zachycuje, jak je v rámci této skupiny utvářena sdílená kolektivita, ale zároveň i individuální postoje jedinců. Je to specifická skupinu lidí, kteří se sdružují za účel produkování a sdílení konzumních hodnot, které jsou z domácích zdrojů, bez genetických úprav, bez chemických postřiků apod. Cílem těchto lidí je zajistit sobě a své rodiny co nejlepší konzumní hodnoty. V rámci etnografie byly prováděny rozhovory, pozorování při konání sešlostí a pozorování e-mailové konverzace. Během těchto sešlostí se členové skupiny scházejí za účelem výroby a konzumace domácích potravin. Práce analyzuje postoje jedinců, kteří se stávají součástí těchto kolektivit, v kontextu individualizačních teorií, teorii tzv. nových sociálních hnutí a jejich souvislostí s environmentálními otázkami.ObhájenoThis dissertation is conceived as etnographie small informal groups. Members of this group react to their position acriomonious individualism resulting from the efforts of modern times to leave the responsibility for everything on individuals. Through ethnographic methods, this work shows, how is within this group shaped by shared collectivity, but also the individual attitudes of individuals. It is specific group of people, who come together for the purpose of producing and sharing of consumer values, which are from domestic sources without genetic modification, without chemical sprays, etc. The aim this people is to provide for themselves and for their families the best possible consumer values. Within etnografy were carried out interviews, observations of holding gatherings and observation e-mail conversations. During these gatherings the group members meet of production and consuming of homemade food. The thesis analyzes the attitude of individuals, who become part of the collectivity, in the context of individualization theory, theory new social movements, and their implications with environmental questions

Design and layout of graphic elements in online workout videos

This bachelor thesis deals with the importance of different graphic elements in online workout videos, their appearance and placement in the video. The main goal of this thesis is to find out the best layout and design the look of these graphic elements based on research among online fitness video users, analysis of current online workout videos and application of the principles of UX design, user psychology and graphic design. A part of this thesis is creation of two video prototypes as well. Each of the prototypes is made for different target group. The aim of the theoretical part of this thesis is to introduce readers to the issue of online fitness videos. Next, this part deals with analysis of the current online workout videos on YouTube and the graphic elements included in it. The theoretical part also includes a user research and basic principles and methods for creating the layout and appearance of graphic elements in such videos. The practical part is dedicated to the process of creating two final video prototypes with several graphic elements chosen on the basis of the research and principles that are mentioned in the theoretical part of this thesis, their appearance and their layout in the videos. The last section of the practical part is focused on testing the final versions of prototypes and its result.Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá výběrem grafických prvků, které jsou pro uživatele online workoutových videí nejdůležitější, jejich nejvhodnější podobou a umístěním ve videu. Hlavním cílem této práce je návrh optimálního umístění a podoby vybraných grafických prvků v online fitness videích na základě výzkumu mezi uživateli, analýzy obsahu již existujících videí, uplatnění zásad UX designu, psychologie uživatelů a pravidel grafického designu. Součástí práce je návrh dvou prototypů videí, z nichž je každé určeno pro jinou cílovou skupinu. Záměrem teoretické části je přiblížení problematiky online fitness videí čtenářům. Dále se tato část věnuje analýze aktuálního obsahu online tréninkových videí na platformě YouTube a také obsahuje výzkum mezi jejich uživateli pomocí online dotazníkového šetření a přímého zúčastněného pozorování. V této části lze také nalézt základní principy a metodiky pro tvorbu layoutu videa a vzhledu jednotlivých grafických prvků. Praktická část je věnována postupu tvorby dvou výsledných prototypů videí s vybranými grafickými prvky a jejich vhodným umístěním ve videích na základě rešerše odborné literatury zpracované v teoretické části této práce. Závěr bakalářské práce je věnován testování výsledných videí a sumarizaci z něj plynoucích výsledků