Plan estrat?gico para la Cooperativa Agraria de Servicios Multiples El Milagro periodo 2019 - 2022

La planeaci?n estrat?gica orienta la gesti?n de las empresas para que, a trav?s de indicadores y metas medibles en el tiempo acorde a su presupuesto, alcancen los objetivos estrat?gicos planteados para mejorar su posici?n en el mercado. Para lo cual, es imprescindible el diagn?stico de la empresa respecto a sus recursos y capacidades, el entorno externo e interno que impacta en su ?xito y posici?n frente a sus competidores. Tambi?n, conocer el negocio, las ventajas y deficiencias de la empresa frente a competidores del mismo sector que vienen obteniendo rendimientos econ?micos muy positivos. En el Per?, el caf? se destaca aun con precios inestables, como el principal producto agroexportador, esto es por su calidad. Nuestros climas ofrecen en diferentes regiones del pa?s, un caf? de calidad, que, junto a la certificaci?n org?nica y comercio justo, los m?s exigidos por el cliente, el producto se negocia con un mejor precio fuera de los alcances del precio de la bolsa internacional. La Cooperativa Agraria de servicios M?ltiples El Milagro, posee ventajas comparativas y competitivas para comercializar el caf? certificado de sus socios; y si no se determina y planifica el ?mbito de acci?n de sus objetivos estrat?gicos, no se garantiza su sostenimiento

Plan de negocios para evaluar la viabilidad de implementar proyectos agr?colas para propietarios de terrenos en los valles de Santa Eulalia y Calango

El presente plan de negocios desarrolla la propuesta de una empresa que ofrece servicios de formulaci?n y gesti?n de proyectos agr?colas de peque?a y mediana escala en los valles de Santa Eulalia y Calango, para propietarios de terrenos agr?colas en estas zonas, con un horizonte de evaluaci?n de 5 a?os. El proyecto fue motivado por la potencial escalabilidad del modelo de negocio y su contribuci?n social para otros valles del Per?. Se aborda la problem?tica de poca tecnificaci?n de los campos, desconfianza de los inversionistas, poca capacidad de negociaci?n, ausencia del Estado y dificultades de acceso a financiamientos, que resultan en una baja rentabilidad de la comercializaci?n de los productos agr?colas. La propuesta de negocio, denominado ?Agrobusiness?, presenta una oferta business to business (B2B), que ofrece los servicios de perfil, formulaci?n y gesti?n de proyectos para el sector agr?cola de peque?a y mediana escala. Agrobusiness se caracteriza por la generaci?n de confianza, la comunicaci?n sencilla e inclusiva y la personalizaci?n de los servicios. El estudio determin? que un 90% de los encuestados est?n interesados en los servicios del negocio y un 72% a pagar por lo menos 20% de la utilidad neta de los proyectos formulados

An?lisis de la eficiencia en el uso del recurso h?drico, en sistemas de agua de uso dom?stico, en la Microcuenca del R?o La Soledad, Valle de Angeles, Honduras

Tesis (M. Sc) -- CATIE, Turrialba (Costa Rica), 2005and average demand was calculated through arithmetical formula, actual population and population growth rate. Results reveled that water offer is enough to cover demand, but supply water systeMON is inefficient. With base in shown results, a serial of conclusion and recommendations to obtain a bigger efficiency in domestic use water service were established. El trabajo tuvo como fin determinar la eficiencia en el servicio de agua de uso dom?stico en la Microcuenca del R?o La Soledad. Se seleccion? las fuentes que prestan mayor uso a los pobladores de la microcuenca, las quebradas Agua Amarilla, San Francisco y Honda. Estas fuentes son usadas por seis sistemas diferentes. Se evalu? la capacidad de abastecimiento de la microcuenca, comparando la oferta y demanda del recurso. Se determin? la oferta por medio de aforos y la demanda a trav?s de la f?rmula aritm?tica, n?mero de usuarios y tasa de crecimiento poblacional. Se hizo evaluaciones a los sistemas en aspectos administrativos, econ?micos y de vulnerabilidad, a trav?s de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados revelaron que la oferta de agua es suficiente para cubrir la demanda, pero los sistemas de distribuci?n son poco eficientes. En base a los resultados obtenidos se elabor? una serie de conclusiones y recomendaciones para lograr mayor eficiencia en el servicio de agua de uso dom?stico en la zona de estudio. The research has as purpose to determinate the domestic use water service efficiency in La Soledad River Microwatershed. Most important water sources were selected: Agua Amarilla, San Francisco and Honda. These sources are used by six different domestic water use agents. The water availability and demand of study zone was evaluated and compared. Average offer was quantified by flow measuring in watercourse

Retroevolution of λ Cro toward a stable monomer

The Cro protein from bacteriophage λ has a dimeric α+β fold that evolved from an ancestral all-α monomer. The sequence mutations responsible for this dramatic structural evolution are unknown. Here we use analysis of sequence alignments to show that Ala-33, a small side chain in the hydrophobic “ball-and-socket” dimer interface of λ Cro, was a much larger tryptophan side chain at a previous point in evolution. The retroevolutionary λ Cro-A33W mutant shows a 10-fold reduction in dimerization affinity relative to the wild type as well as a large increase in monomer thermal stability (ΔT(m) > 10°C), apparently due to partial filling of the hydrophobic socket from within the same monomer. An additional mutation in the dimer interface, F58D, almost completely abolishes detectable dimerization while maintaining the high monomer stability. The secondary structure content of the monomerized versions of λ Cro is similar to that of the wild-type protein, and the tertiary structure of the monomer appears relatively well defined. These results (i) support a model in which the ball-and-socket dimer interface of λ Cro was created by altered volume mutations within a limited branch of the Cro lineage and (ii) suggest the possibility that the evolution of the α+β dimer from an all-α monomer proceeded through an α+β monomer intermediate

The effect of stimulus distribution form on the acquisition and rate of conditioned responding: Implications for theory

In four experiments rats were conditioned to an auditory conditioned stimulus (conditioned stimulus; CS) that was paired with food, and learning about the CS was compared across two conditions in which the mean duration of the CS was equated. In one, the CS was of a single, fixed duration on every trial, and in the other the CS duration was drawn from an exponential distribution, and hence changed from trial to trial. Higher rates of conditioned responding to the fixed than to the variable stimulus were observed, in both between- (Experiment 1) and within-subject designs (Experiments 2 and 3). Moreover, this difference was maintained when stimuli trained with fixed or variable durations were tested under identical conditions (i.e., with equal numbers of fixed and variable duration trials)—suggesting that the difference could not be attributed to performance effects (Experiment 3). In order to estimate the speed of acquisition of conditioned responding, the scaled cumulative distribution of a Weibull function was fitted to the trial-by-trial response rates for each rat. In the within-subject experiments specific differences in the pattern of acquisition to fixed and variable CS were shown; a somewhat different pattern was found when intertrial interval (ITI) was manipulated (Experiment 4). The implications of these findings for theories of conditioning and timing are discussed

Structure and reactivity of hydroxypropylphosphonic acid epoxidase in fosfomycin biosynthesis by a cation- and flavin-dependent mechanism

The biosynthesis of fosfomycin, an oxirane antibiotic in clinical use, involves a unique epoxidation catalyzed by (S)-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid epoxidase (HPPE). The reaction is essentially dehydrogenation of a secondary alcohol. A high-resolution crystallographic analysis reveals that the HPPE subunit displays a two-domain combination. The C-terminal or catalytic domain has the cupin fold that binds a divalent cation, whereas the N-terminal domain carries a helix-turn-helix motif with putative DNA-binding helices positioned 34 Å apart. The structure of HPPE serves as a model for numerous proteins, of ill-defined function, predicted to be transcription factors but carrying a cupin domain at the C terminus. Structure-reactivity analyses reveal conformational changes near the catalytic center driven by the presence or absence of ligand, that HPPE is a Zn(2+)/Fe(2+)-dependent epoxidase, proof that flavin mononucleotide is required for catalysis, and allow us to propose a simple mechanism that is compatible with previous experimental data. The participation of the redox inert Zn(2+) in the mechanism is surprising and indicates that Lewis acid properties of the metal ions are sufficient to polarize the substrate and, aided by flavin mononucleotide reduction, facilitate the epoxidation