Perfil logístico de importar televisores de Japón a Colombia

El presente trabajo comprende el comportamiento de las importaciones de los electrodomésticos a nivel mundial y local (país de destino Colombia-país de origen Japón), tratando de presentar información detallada. Para ello, se puntualiza todo el proceso de distribución física internacional de dicha importación, agenciamiento aduanero, empaque, embalaje, agenciamiento marítimo, transporte terrestre. El sector de electrodoméstico se encuentra determinado dentro de la industria electrónica y electrotécnica, siendo estos los más grandes del mundo, que además posee una tasa de crecimiento superior a la media. Existen tres categorías en el sector de electrodomésticos, la Línea Blanca que comprende las neveras, lavadoras y cocinas entre los más representativos, Línea Marrón que son televisores, equipos de sonido, home theaters y DVD entre otros, y Pequeños Electrodomésticos o Artefactos que comprende las licuadoras, planchas, ventiladores, cafeteras, secadores, cepillos de dientes, afeitadoras, sanducheras, extractoras de jugos, yogurteras, entre otros. Dentro de los productos fabricados se encuentran los de línea blanca como neveras domésticas, cocinas, campanas, calentadores y refrigeradores industriales y los de la línea marrón, televisores y equipos de sonido

Association between cervical cancer and dietary patterns in Colombia

Cervical cancer is a global public health problem. It is the second leading cause of death among women of childbearing age worldwide. Several factors, including diet, have been shown to influence the risk of persistent HPV infection and tumor progression. This paper determines the relationship between dietary patterns and cervical cancer. It is an ecological study of multiple groups, based on two national sources: the High-Cost Account and the National Survey of Nutritional Situation of Colombia of 2015. The population consisted of 3472 women aged 35 to 64. The incidence of cervical cancer was used as the dependent variable while the independent variables included food consumption according to established patterns, area of residence, age, physical activity, and BMI, among other variables. The statistical analysis performed through associations between variables was evaluated by multiple linear regression using R2. 38.9% of the evaluated population belonged to the first quartile of wealth, and 76.5% resided in the municipal capital. The incidence of cervical cancer in Colombia was associated with being affiliated to a state-subsidized health regime and having diabetes mellitus. A conservative eating pattern, as well as belonging to a rural area, are evidenced as protective factors. These results invite the need to encourage public policies and promote healthy lifestyles

La imagen y la Narrativa como Herramientas para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia - Departamento Norte de Santander

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia- Departamento Norte de Santander.En este trabajo se presenta la solución de las actividades del Paso 4 del diplomado, y corresponde a la “Evaluación Nacional” con el tema de “Abordaje de contextos desde los Enfoques Narrativos”. Se realiza un acercamiento a conceptos y análisis de relatos desde una “Perspectiva Narrativa” la cual permite un análisis detallado de un relato de vida de un exguerrillero, el impacto psicosocial implicado en la víctima y su posicionamiento subjetivo, entre otros. También se refleja la elaboración de preguntas estratégicas, circulares y reflexivas, las cuales son de gran relevancia en el discurso en una intervención con el fin de lograr un mayor “Acercamiento a las Víctimas” y potenciarles para que logren una transformación psicosocial y se conviertan en “Sobrevivientes”. Se analiza el caso de las comunidades de Cacarica, en el cual se evidencia el “Hostigamiento y Violencia” a que es sometida una comunidad por el mero deseo de poder y dominio en una región, y donde está implicado el ejército nacional. Para este caso se plantean dos “Acciones de Apoyo y Estrategias Orientadas” a las comunidades afectadas en busca de un mejoramiento de los diferentes “Sistemas de Memoria” con el fin de lograr que la situación traumática vivida no sea una acción recurrente y dañina. Se expone una serie de estrategias para lograr los mejores resultados planteados según el caso. Se comparte finalmente, el análisis y la reflexión de la actividad “Experiencia de foto voz” realizada en la fase anterior y el link de la página Wix con los aspectos más relevantes desarrollados por los integrantes del grupo en la actividad.In this work is presented the solution of this diplomat step 4 activities, and it belongs to the “National evaluation” with the topic “Contexts approaching from the narrative focuses”, where is realized an approaching to concepts and analysis of reports from a “narrative focus”, which allows a detailed analysis of the report, the psychosocial impact implied on the victim, its subjective positioning, among others. It’s also reflexed a development of strategic, circular and reflexive questions, which have a high relevance on an intervention strategy trying to reach a higher “Victims approaching” and enhance them to get a psychosocial transformation and become “Survivors”. A chase of the Cacarica’s communities is analyzed, in which is evidenced the “harassing and violence” to which a community is submitted only by the power and domain wish on a region, in which is implied the national army. For it are presented two “Support actions and oriented strategies” to the affected communities looking for an upgrade of the different memory systems trying to avoid the dramatic situation to be a recurrent and damaging action. A group of strategies are exposed to reach the best presented results for each case. Are finally shared the analysis and reflection of the activity “Photo voice experience” made in the previous phase and the Wix page link which is contained the most relevant aspects which were developed by the activity’s group members

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

microbeMASST: A Taxonomically-informed Mass Spectrometry Search Tool for Microbial Metabolomics Data

microbeMASST, a taxonomically informed mass spectrometry (MS) search tool, tackles limited microbial metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Leveraging a curated database of >60,000 microbial monocultures, users can search known and unknown MS/MS spectra and link them to their respective microbial producers via MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Identification of microbe-derived metabolites and relative producers without a priori knowledge will vastly enhance the understanding of microorganisms’ role in ecology and human health

A Taxonomically-informed Mass Spectrometry Search Tool for Microbial Metabolomics Data

MicrobeMASST, a taxonomically-informed mass spectrometry (MS) search tool, tackles limited microbial metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Leveraging a curated database of >60,000 microbial monocultures, users can search known and unknown MS/MS spectra and link them to their respective microbial producers via MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Identification of microbial-derived metabolites and relative producers, without a priori knowledge, will vastly enhance the understanding of microorganisms’ role in ecology and human health

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Material superconductor cerámico TRBCO/TRBCO-AG/TRBCO, su procedimiento de obtencion y sus aplicaciones.

Fecha de solicitud:14.01.2004.- Titular: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).[EN]The invention relates to a TrBCO/TrBCO-Ag/TrBCO superconducting material resulting from the artificial joining of monocrystalline ceramic parts having formula TrBa2Cu3O7-Tr2BaCuO5, wherein Tr corresponds to any rare-earth element or yttrium. The invention also relates to the method of joining the aforementioned parts, using a silver sheet or coating as a fluxing agent. The inventive method can be used to obtain materials with the same crystallographic orientation as the superconducting ceramic parts that are to be joined. Said method can also be used to produce superconducting ceramic parts with complex shapes in which, owing to the junctions, the critical currents remain as high as those of the original ceramics before being joined. The superconducting products thus produced can adopt complex shapes and, in this way, be integrated into different magnetic, electromagnetic and electromechanical devices with improved characteristics. [ES]La presente invención describe un material superconductor TrBCO/TrBCO-Ag/TrBCO resultante de la unión artificial de piezas cerámicas monocristalinas que responden a la fórmula TrBa2Cu3O7-Tr2BaCuO5 donde Tr corresponde con cualquier elemento de las denominadas Tierras raras o Ytrio. Asimismo se describe el procedimiento de unión de dichas piezas mediante el empleo de una lámina o un recubrimiento de plata como agente fundente. Dicho procedimiento permite obtener materiales con la misma orientación cristalográfica que las piezas cerámicas superconductoras que se desean unir. Este proceso permite fabricar productos cerámicos superconductores con formas complejas en los cuales las corrientes críticas a través de las uniones permanecen tan elevadas como las de las cerámicas originales antes de unirse. Los productos superconductores fabricados con dicha metodología pueden adoptar formas complejas y por lo tanto pueden ser integrados en dispositivos magnéticos, electromagnéticos y electromecánicos diversos con características mejoradas.Peer reviewe