Operador derivado fraccional alternativo sobre cálculo no newtoniano y sus enfoques

Hoy en día, el estudio de operadores fraccionarios derivados e integrales es uno de los temas candentes de las matemáticas y muchas investigaciones y estudios centran su atención en este campo. La mayoría de estas preocupaciones surgieron de la vasta aplicación de estos operadores en el estudio de modelos de fenómenos. Estos operadores interpretados por el cálculo newtoniano, sin embargo, existen diferentes tipos de cálculos y se introducen los operadores de derivada fraccionaria enfocados en el cálculo Bi-geométrico y también se estudian sus ecuaciones diferenciales fraccionaria

Unification of q-exponential function and related q-numbers and polynomials

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and investigate a class of generalized Bernoulli polynomials and Euler polynomials based on the generating function. we unify all forms of q-exponential functions by one more parameter. we study some conditions on this parameter to related this to some classical results for q-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials

On fractional integral operator over non-Newtonian calculus

The definition of a non-Newtonian calculus is based on the homeomorphism which customary denoted by y = α(x). In the mean of this function, elementary algebraic operations can be modified and we reach to the world of new calculus that is called a Non-Newtonian calculus. Nowadays, fractional operators role an important topic in mathematics because of their applications in many area of interest. In this paper we use an old technique of Cauchy iterated integrals to define biα-fractional integral operator. The allocated method makes the new class of fractional integral operators which are successfully compatible with the non-Newtonian calculi and supported with several examples. Since the non-Newtonian calculi were introduced, the bigeometric calculus has been considered as a brilliant example of these kind of calculi. The definition of fractional integral operator in this calculus leads to Hadamard type fractional integral operator which answers many questions about the behavior of this operator. Classic property of fractional integral operator, semigroup property is stablished and this operator is studied. Moreover, Jensen’s inequality provide boundness theorem for general biα-fractional integral operator.Publisher's Versio

Proponiendo un nuevo sistema para el manejo de sistemas de datos comerciales con más funcionalidad y usabilidad

Este artículo se centra en la creación de un Sistema de Gestión de Estaciones de Recarga de Agua (WRSMS) para estaciones de recarga de agua seleccionadas en La Habana, Cuba, ya que la mayoría de ellas todavía funcionan con lápiz y papel, un proceso tedioso y lento cuando se trata de registrar, manipulando, editando y recuperando datos, lo que deja margen para errores. El WRSMS es capaz de almacenar, procesar y monitorear datos de ventas, clientes, empleados, inventario y asistencia, que se pueden usar para crear informes de estados financieros. Además, en este artículo se utiliza una técnica de investigación expresiva para evaluar el sistema actual de estaciones de agua seleccionadas y el WRSMS en términos de funcionalidad y usabilidad. También ayudó a determinar la alteración notable entre el sistema actual y la evaluación WRSMS. El investigador utilizó una técnica de muestreo intencional y un instrumento validado por la industria para evaluar la funcionalidad y usabilidad de los empleados de las estaciones de agua seleccionadas en el área y pudo obtener la participación de 15 estaciones de llenado de agua diferentes y 30 empleados. Algunas herramientas estadísticas se utilizan para este trabajo de investigación para tener evidencia suficiente para concluir que la mayoría de los empleados "están de acuerdo" en que su sistema actual es funcional y utilizable. Sin embargo, una vez presentado el WRSMS, la mayoría de los empleados “están totalmente de acuerdo” en que el sistema es más útil para manejar datos comerciales. La prueba t utilizada refuerza el punto de que existe una alteración notable entre las calificaciones del sistema actual además de WRSMS en lo que respecta a funcionalidad y usabilida

Possibility of the blood clot, thrombotic thrombocytopenia following injection of COVID-19-vaccine AstraZeneca; a systematic review

Introduction: Recently, it has been reported that the injection of vaccines such as the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) involves some rare cases of thrombocytopenia and blood clots, although the vaccines created immunity in people. Estimates of this phenomenon are not the same in different countries, probably due to age distribution and number. Objectives: This study attempted to study AstraZeneca’s rare side effects in people injected with this vaccine. Methods: This systematic study was conducted using articles published in 2021 under the title of blood clot and thrombocytopenia by AstraZeneca injection. The references and data were gathered through national and international sites such as Magiran, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. They were also gathered and examined using report cases and the available data on COVID-19 vaccine immunization in various countries. The keywords used mainly are COVID-19 vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, blood clots, thrombus, thrombotic, and thrombocytopenia. Eventually, 25 articles were searched and examined, of which 15 related ones were selected after reviewing and re-studying. While investigating the summary and method in those 15, they were filtered more accurately; finally, ten articles were chosen. Inclusion criteria consisted of all related articles and exclusion criteria contained articles that were less related to our research subject after purification or were redundant and not of high quality. Results: This study found that rare blood clot cases and thrombocytopenia were seen despite mild side effects after AstraZeneca injection. After assessing its benefits, adverse effects, and age distribution, the countries using AstraZeneca decided to continue using it. The main difference in reported statistics in these countries is due to the variety in the age and number of people receiving the vaccine. Conclusion: Blood clots and thrombocytopenia are among the rare side effects of the AstraZeneca vaccine. In different countries, the vaccine side effects vary depending on the age and number of participants. Anyway, according to the investigations conducted in this area, the highest records of these side effects are observed in Norway, which is still low. Overall, through studying this study and other similar ones, politicians, managers, and even ordinary people can be informed about the pros and cons of this vaccine

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. Interpretation: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

BACKGROUND: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. METHODS: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6–28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8–25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9–42·8] and 33·3% [25·8–42·0]). INTERPRETATION: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden