Impact of Implementing Nursing Guidelines on Knowledge and Habits of Patients Receiving Radioactive Iodine

Background: Radioactive iodine is widely used in nuclear medicine. The radioactive iodine 131 (I-131) is generally utilized in patient with different thyroid disease. Aim of the study: Is to evaluate impact of implementing nursing guidelines on knowledge and habits of patients receiving radioactive iodine. Research design: interventional research design (Pre / post test) was utilized in this study. Setting: This study was conducted in nuclear medicine department at Sohage University Hospital. Sample: 60 patients were included in this study. Tools: Data collected by three tools Interview questionnaire sheet, patient’s knowledge questionnaire sheet and patient habits assessment sheet. Results: there were vital distinction between patients knowledge and habits post implementing nursing guidelines with P value (0.001*). Conclusion: providing nursing guidelines were largely effective on improving patients knowledge and correcting habits. Recommendation: Nurses should be aware by guidelines that given to patients after receiving radioactive iodine and inform patients about them, research should be applied on widely geographical area. Keywords: Nursing Guidelines, knowledge and habits, Radioactive iodine. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/61-07 Publication date: April 30th 201

Effect of selenium on nutritive value of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) one of the auxiliary plants was traditionally consumed in many parts of the world for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. The nutrient components of purslane such as total protein, total carbohydrates and mineral content such as macro elements (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and micro elements (Fe, Cu, Pb and Zn) were estimated at different concentrations of selenium which treated in soil where the plant cultivated. The protein and carbohydrate contents of leaves as well as protein of stems increase with increasing the selenium concentration, while protein and carbohydrate of roots as well as carbohydrate of stems decrease with increasing Se concentration. The mineral content was also affected by Se concentration, Fe, Cu and Zn of leaves decreased with increasing Se concentration, while K, Ca, Mg and Na are directly proportional with Se concentration. In stems, Zn only is inversely proportional with Se concentration. In roots, Fe, Cu, Mg and K are inversely proportional with Se concentration, while Na, Ca and Zn are directly proportional. The findings of this study revealed that carbohydrates, protein and mineral contents of purslane can be affected and controlled by selenium concentration. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.128341

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Green chemistry approach for preparation of hydrogels for agriculture applications through modification of natural polymers and investigating their swelling properties

Two sets of hydrogel materials based on guar gum were prepared by grafting guar gum onto acrylic acid/acrylamide and acrylic acid/N-isopropylacrylamide copolymers by using persulphate radical as an initiator and N,N′ methylenebisacrylamide as a cross linker. The prepared hydrogels were denoted as AA-AcM-GG and AA-NIPAM-GG respectively. They were characterized by FTIR Spectroscopy and SEM. The effect of some composition variables on the swelling performance of PA-GG hydrogel was thoroughly studied. Furthermore, swelling behavior was monitored as a function of temperature and electrolyte concentration. A lab experiment was carried out in order to investigate the effect of the optimum hydrogels on the growth of guava plant. Keywords: Guar gum, Acrylate, N-isopropyl acryl amide, Green hydrogels, Temperature sensitive, Salt sensitiv

Relationship between inflammatory markers and coronary slow flow in type 2 diabetic patients

Abstract Background Diabetes is a serious and quickly expanding global health problem. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Coronary slow flow (CSF) is characterised by delayed distal perfusion during coronary angiography with normal coronary arteries. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between CSF and inflammatory markers regarding glycemic status in T2DM. Methods This cross-sectional study included 120 patients who were divided equally into 4 groups according to their glycemic control and presence or absence of coronary slow flow: Group I included patients with T2DM with good glycemic control without CSF; Group II included patients with T2DM with good glycemic control and CSF; Group III included patients with T2DM with poor glycemic control without CSF; and Group IV included patients with T2DM with poor glycemic control and CSF. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelets, hematocrit, and haemoglobin were also evaluated as risk factors for coronary slow flow. Results This study showed that body mass index (BMI), hematocrit level, NLR, and CRP demonstrated a moderate but significant correlation (r = 0.53) with CSF in poorly controlled T2DM. NLR cutoff > 2.1 could predict CSF in poorly controlled T2DM with a modest sensitivity and specificity. A 1.9 increase in HbA1c increases the likelihood of coronary slow flow. Dylipidemia increases the likelihood of coronary slow flow by 0.18 times. Other predictors for coronary slow flow include NLR, PLR, CRP, platelets, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. The effect of the predictors is still statistically significant after being adjusted for glycemic status, age, and sex (p  < 0.001). Conclusions Poor glycemic control increases the incidence of CSF. This supports the hypothesis that CSF is related to endothelial dysfunction as poor glycemic control causes endothelial dysfunction due to inflammation. Trial registration ZU-IRB#9419–3-4–2022 Registered 3 April 2022, email.  [email protected]

Graphitized mango seed as an effective 3D anode in batch and continuous mode microbial fuel cells for sustainable wastewater treatment and power generation

Herein, we explored the utilization of graphitized mango seeds as 3D-packed anodes in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) powered by sewage wastewater. Mango seeds were graphitized at different temperatures (800 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C) and their effectiveness as anodes was evaluated. Surface morphology analysis indicated that the proposed anode was characterized by layered branches and micro-sized deep holes, facilitating enhanced biofilm formation and microorganism attachment. Maximum power densities achieved in the MFCs utilizing the mango seed-packed anodes graphitized at 1100 °C and 1000 °C were 2170.8 ± 90 and 1350.6 ± 125 mW m-2, respectively. Furthermore, the weight of the graphitized seed anode demonstrated a positive correlation with the generated power density and cell potential. Specifically, MFCs fabricated with 9 g and 6 g anodes achieved maximum power densities of 2170.8 ± 90 and 1800.5 ± 40 mW m-2, respectively. A continuous mode air cathode MFC employing the proposed graphitized mango anode prepared at 1100 °C and operated at a flow rate of 2 L h-1 generated a stable current density of approximately 12 A m-2 after 15 hours of operation, maintaining its stability for 75 hours. Furthermore, a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 85% was achieved in an assembled continuous mode MFC. Considering that the proposed MFC was driven by sewage wastewater without the addition of external microorganisms, atmospheric oxygen was used as the electron acceptor through an air cathode mode, agricultural biomass waste was employed for the preparation of the anode, and a higher power density was achieved (2170.8 mW m-2) compared to reported values; it is evident that the proposed graphitized mango seed anode exhibits high efficiency for application in MFCs.</p

Synbiotic Effects of Saccharomycescerevisiae, Mannan Oligosaccharides, and β-Glucan on Innate Immunity, Antioxidant Status, and Disease Resistance of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Synbiotic (SYN) additives were assessed as an antibiotic alternative on the effects on the nonspecific immune response and disease resistance of O. niloticus to P. aeruginosa. Healthy fish (n = 120, average initial weight 18 ± 2 g) were allotted randomly into four experimental groups (3 replicates for each); 1) a control group with no additives (CON), 2) basal diet complemented with 0.1 g kg–1 diets of norfloxacin, NFLX, 3) basal diet fortified with 1 mL kg–1 diet of SYN, and 4) basal diet complemented with a mixture of NFLX and SYN, which was carried out for eight weeks. Results showed a significant increase (p &lt; 0.01) in the serum immune parameters (total protein, globulin and albumin, nitric oxide (NO), and lysozyme activity) in the SYN group and the NFLX+SYN group compared with the CON and NFLX groups. The serum glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were higher in NFLX and NFLX+SYN groups than the CON and SYN groups. The catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were significantly augmented in the NFLX+SYN group, followed by the SYN group compared with CON and NFLX groups. The cumulative mortality rate (CMR) of O. niloticus following the P. aeruginosa challenge was decreased in the SYN group compared to other groups. The results emphasize that synbiotic could be used as a norfloxacin alternative to enhance the related immunological parameters, including antioxidant activity and disease resistance against P. aeruginosa infection of O. niloticus

<i>Boswellia serrata</i> Resin Extract in Diets of Nile Tilapia, <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>: Effects on the Growth, Health, Immune Response, and Disease Resistance to <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

The influences of Boswellia serrata resin extract (BSRE) as a feed additive on the growth performance, immune response, antioxidant status, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. were assessed. One hundred-forty four fingerlings (initial weight: 21.82 ± 0.48 g) were randomly allotted into four groups with three replicates where they were fed on one of four treatments with four levels of Boswellia serrata resin extract 0, 5, 10, or 15 g kg−1, BSRE0, BSRE5, BSRE10, BSRE15, respectively for eight weeks. After the end of the feeding trial, the fish were challenged with Staphylococcus aureus, and mortalities were noted. The final body weight, total body weight gain, and the total feed intake were quadratically increased in BSRE5 treatment (p p p p p p S. aureus challenged fish. The histoarchitecture of the gills and kidney was normal in the BSRE5 treatment and moderately changed in BSRE10 and BSRE15 treatments. The splenic lymphoid elements were more prevalent, and the melano-macrophage centers (MMC) were mild to somewhat activated in BSRE supplemented treatments. Dietary BSRE supplementation improved the intestinal histomorphology. It can be concluded that BSRE addition can enhance the antioxidant activity, immune status, and disease resistance of O. niloticus to S. aureus infection. The level of 5 g kg−1 BSRE can improve fish growth without causing harmful effects on fish health. The highest levels of BSRE are not recommended as they badly affected the histoarchitecture of many vital organs

Impact of Commercial Seaweed Liquid Extract (TAM®) Biostimulant and Its Bioactive Molecules on Growth and Antioxidant Activities of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum)

Bioactive molecules derived from seaweed extracts are revolutionary bio-stimulants used to enhance plant growth and increase yield production. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available seaweed liquid extract, namely, True-Algae-Max (TAM®), as a plant growth stimulant on nutritional, and antioxidant activity of Capsicum annuum. Three concentrations of TAM® (0.25, 0.5, and 1%) of various NPK: TAM® ratios were investigated via foliar spray, over 2017 and 2018 cultivation seasons, under greenhouse conditions. TAM® is rich in phytochemical compounds, such as ascorbic acid (1.66 mg g−1), phenolics (101.67 mg g−1), and flavonoids (2.60 mg g−1) that showed good antioxidant activity (54.52 mg g−1) and DPPH inhibition of 70.33%. Promoting measured parameter results stated the extensive potentiality of TAM® application, in comparison with conventional NPK treatment. Yield and composition of C. annuum were significantly improved in all TAM® treated groups, especially the TAM0.5% concentration, which resulted in maximum yield (4.23 Kg m−2) and significant amounts of profuse biological molecules like chlorophyll, ascorbic, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and total nutrients. Compared to the NPK control treatments, C. annuum treated with TAM0.5% improved the total antioxidant activity of hot Pepper from 162.16 to 190.95 mg g−1. These findings indicate that the extract of seaweed can be used as an environmentally friendly, multi-functional biostimulant in the agricultural field for more sustainable production, in addition to reducing the use of hazardous synthetic fertilizers