A NASTRAN model of a large flexible swing-wing bomber. Volume 3: NASTRAN model development-wing structure

The NASTRAN model plan for the wing structure was expanded in detail to generate the NASTRAN model for this substructure. The grid point coordinates were coded for each element. The material properties and sizing data for each element were specified. The wing substructure model was thoroughly checked out for continuity, connectivity, and constraints. This substructure was processed for structural influence coefficients (SIC) point loadings and the deflections were compared to those computed for the aircraft detail model. Finally, a demonstration and validation processing of this substructure was accomplished using the NASTRAN finite element program. The bulk data deck, stiffness matrices, and SIC output data were delivered

Anisotropy, phonon modes, and lattice anharmonicity from dielectric function tensor analysis of monoclinic cadmium tungstate

We determine the frequency dependence of four independent CdWO$_4$ Cartesian dielectric function tensor elements by generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry within mid-infrared and far-infrared spectral regions. Single crystal surfaces cut under different angles from a bulk crystal, (010) and (001), are investigated. From the spectral dependencies of the dielectric function tensor and its inverse we determine all long wavelength active transverse and longitudinal optic phonon modes with $A_u$ and $B_u$ symmetry as well as their eigenvectors within the monoclinic lattice. We thereby demonstrate that such information can be obtained completely without physical model line shape analysis in materials with monoclinic symmetry. We then augment the effect of lattice anharmonicity onto our recently described dielectric function tensor model approach for materials with monoclinic and triclinic crystal symmetries [Phys. Rev. B, 125209 (2016)], and we obtain excellent match between all measured and modeled dielectric function tensor elements. All phonon mode frequency and broadening parameters are determined in our model approach. We also perform density functional theory phonon mode calculations, and we compare our results obtained from theory, from direct dielectric function tensor analysis, and from model lineshape analysis, and we find excellent agreement between all approaches. We also discuss and present static and above reststrahlen spectral range dielectric constants. Our data for CdWO$_4$ are in excellent agreement with a recently proposed generalization of the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation for materials with low crystal symmetry [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 215502 (2016)].Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1512.0859

A NASTRAN model of a large flexible swing-wing bomber. Volume 5: NASTRAN model development-fairing structure

The NASTRAN model plan for the fairing structure was expanded in detail to generate the NASTRAN model of this substructure. The grid point coordinates, element definitions, material properties, and sizing data for each element were specified. The fairing model was thoroughly checked out for continuity, connectivity, and constraints. The substructure was processed for structural influence coefficients (SIC) point loadings to determine the deflection characteristics of the fairing model. Finally, a demonstration and validation processing of this substructure was accomplished using the NASTRAN finite element program. The bulk data deck, stiffness matrices, and SIC output data were delivered

Anisotropy and phonon modes from analysis of the dielectric function tensor and inverse dielectric function tensor of monoclinic yttrium orthosilicate

We determine the frequency dependence of the four independent Cartesian tensor elements of the dielectric function for monoclinic symmetry Y$_2$SiO$_5$ using generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry from 40-1200 cm$^{-1}$. Three different crystal cuts, each perpendicular to a principle axis, are investigated. We apply our recently described augmentation of lattice anharmonicity onto the eigendielectric displacement vector summation approach [A. Mock et al., Phys. Rev. B 95, 165202 (2017)], and we present and demonstrate the application of an eigendielectric displacement loss vector summation approach with anharmonic broadening. We obtain excellent match between all measured and model calculated dielectric function tensor elements and all dielectric loss function tensor elements. We obtain 23 A$_{\mathrm{u}}$ and 22 B$_{\mathrm{u}}$ symmetry long wavelength active transverse and longitudinal optical mode parameters including their eigenvector orientation within the monoclinic lattice. We perform density functional theory calculations and obtain 23 A$_{\mathrm{u}}$ symmetry and 22 B$_{\mathrm{u}}$ transverse and longitudinal optical mode parameters and their orientation within the monoclincic lattice. We compare our results from ellipsometry and density functional theory and find excellent agreement. We also determine the static and above reststrahlen spectral range dielectric tensor values and find a recently derived generalization of the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation for polar phonons in monoclinic symmetry materials satisfied [M. Schubert, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 215502 (2016)]

Characterization of the Small RNA Transcriptome of the Marine Coccolithophorid, Emiliania huxleyi

Small RNAs (smRNAs) control a variety of cellular processes by silencing target genes at the transcriptional or post-transcription level. While extensively studied in plants, relatively little is known about smRNAs and their targets in marine phytoplankton, such as Emiliania huxleyi (E. huxleyi). Deep sequencing was performed of smRNAs extracted at different time points as E. huxleyi cells transition from logarithmic to stationary phase growth in batch culture. Computational analyses predicted 18 E. huxleyi specific miRNAs. The 18 miRNA candidates and their precursors vary in length (18-24 nt and 71-252 nt, respectively), genome copy number (3-1,459), and the number of genes targeted (2-107). Stem-loop real time reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR was used to validate miRNA expression which varied by nearly three orders of magnitude when growth slows and cells enter stationary phase. Stem-loop RT PCR was also used to examine the expression profiles of miRNA in calcifying and non-calcifying cultures, and a small subset was found to be differentially expressed when nutrients become limiting and calcification is enhanced. In addition to miRNAs, endogenous small RNAs such as ra-siRNAs, ta-siRNAs, nat-siRNAs, and piwiRNAs were predicted along with the machinery for the biogenesis and processing of si-RNAs. This study is the first genome-wide investigation smRNAs pathways in E. huxleyi. Results provide new insights into the importance of smRNAs in regulating aspects of physiological growth and adaptation in marine phytoplankton and further challenge the notion that smRNAs evolved with multicellularity, expanding our perspective of these ancient regulatory pathways

A gradient index metamaterial

Metamaterials--artificially structured materials with tailored electromagnetic response--can be designed to have properties difficult to achieve with existing materials. Here we present a structured metamaterial, based on conducting split ring resonators (SRRs), which has an effective index-of-refraction with a constant spatial gradient. We experimentally confirm the gradient by measuring the deflection of a microwave beam by a planar slab of the composite metamaterial over a broad range of frequencies. The gradient index metamaterial represents an alternative approach to the development of gradient index lenses and similar optics that may be advantageous, especially at higher frequencies. In particular, the gradient index material we propose may be suited for terahertz applications, where the magnetic resonant response of SRRs has recently been demonstrated

Correlated responses to recurrent selection for grain yield in maize

Experiments were conducted in three field environments with the following objectives: (1) to evaluate the progress from seven cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection in Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS(R)] and Iowa Corn Borer Synthetic #1 (BSCBl(R)] and six cycles of half-sib family selection in \u27Alph\u27 (i.e., BS12) maize (Zea mays L.) populations, (2) to compare the response of unimproved and improved maize variety hybrids to different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density, and (3) to evaluate the influence of nitrogen and plant density on the morphological and physiological traits associated with recurrent selection for grain yield in maize. Each experiment was grown in randomized complete blocks with a split-split-plot arrangement and two replications. Nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N/ha) were main plots, plant densities (39,500; 59,300; 79,000; and 98,800 plants/ha) were subplots, and five variety hybrids, BSSS(R)CO x BSCBl(R)CO, BSSS(R)C5 x BSCB1(R)C5, BSSS(R)C7 x BSCB1(R)C7, BS12CO x B14A, and BS12C6 x B14A, were randomized as sub-subplots. We obtained data on grain yield and grain-yield components, flowering traits, plant traits, leaf area, leaf orientation, lodging, dry-matter productivity, and harvest index

Variability of alkaloid content in Papaver somniferum L.

A total of 300 accessions of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L., Papaveraceae) of the IPK genebank collection from nearly all over the world were cultivated under field conditions in Gatersleben for morphological and phytochemical characterisation. Altogether 35 morphological and agronomic characters were collected for all accessions. Determination of chromosome numbers with flow cytometry showed that the accessions of subspecies setigerum are tetraploid whereas all accessions of the other subspecies are diploid. Composition and content of the five main alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine and noscapine) were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total alkaloid content varied between 683.32 and 25,034.84 μg/g dry matter (first year) and 1,799.49 and 25,338.55 μg/g dry matter in the second year of cultivation. There is a highly significant correlation between total content of alkaloids and morphine in both years (r=0.926/P=0.000; r=0.918/P=0.000). In contrast, the other four main alkaloids show less or no correlation with each other or the total alkaloid content. This analysis demonstrated that the amount and composition of the main alkaloids are highly variable. Additionally, there is no important correlation between morphological characters and alkaloid content. So it is not possible to use these characters as a prediction tool of alkaloid content during breeding process