Programação dos ensinos de línguas estrangeiras - metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras - perspectiva diacrónica - com uma proposta prática

Este livro sintetiza as grandes orientações da didáctica das línguas estrangeiras através dos tempos e julga do valor de uma gama variada de métodos no ensino-aprendizagem dessas mesmas línguas estrangeiras. Evidencia a importância de uma acção educativa consciente e organizada com base na adopção de métodos e técnicas adequados. É um texto básico, sintético e, consequentemente, incompleto, para que possa constituir-se como um instrumento de trabalho e um ponto de partida para estudos e investigações complementares a levar a cabo por parte dos interessados

The Immigration Debate in the 2012 US Presidential Election and the Role of Rhetoric

November 6, 2012 was Election Day in the United States. It was the day in which the incumbent candidate, Barack Obama, was elected president of the United States for a second term, defeating Republican candidate Mitt Romney. Although the US domestic economy, together with the country\u27s worldwide significance and global role, were the most prominent issues during the campaign in each candidate\u27s political agenda, it was immigration, especially immigration reform, which became a heated topic of discussion for both political parties and their respective presidential candidates. Initially, it did not seem to be the most important issue of the campaign, as excerpt (1) from the FAIR 2012 Election Report seems to indicate, not even for Hispanics, but somehow the overall perception seemed to be different

Female Testaments as Social Discourse: A Textual Analysis Under a Critical Discourse Analysis Approach

The following article is an analysis of 33 female wills (from 16th-20th centuries) found in notarial protocols at the Murcia Regional Archives (Murcia, Spain). Using a Critical Discourse Analysis framework, with special emphasis of Pierre Bourdieu’s postulates, this article studies how women handle gender, cultural, and power relations, challenge social hierarchies and, at the same time, reproduce them in their attempt to look respectable/honorable, assert their power, redefine themselves and negotiate their public image

A propósito de uma política de língua

Livro de homenagem à professora Maria Emília Ricardo Marque

Les matemàtiques a pre-escolar

Es el propósito del presente artículo estudiar la evolución de los conceptos básicos matemáticos en relación con la evolución madurativa del niño, con la finalidad de adecuar los contenidos matemáticos de la enseñanza para la etapa preescolar. Las matemáticas que se proponen no se definen ni como "tradicionales" ni como "modernas" La propuesta es, en cambio, de una didáctica que busca situaciones matemáticamente relacionables. El contenido hace referencia tanto a la formación del número natural (cardinal y ordinal) como a la formación de clases.It is the aim of the present article to study the evolution of the basic mathematical concepts in relation to the maturative evolution of the child, with the intention of adapting the mathematical contents of education for the pre-school stage. The mathematics that is proposed does not define itself neither as "traditional " not as "modern" The proposal is, on the other hand, of a kind of didactics that pursues situations mathematically related. The content refers to the formation of cardinal and ordinal number as well as the formation of classes

Content marketing and the personality of Covet Group Brands

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Marketing e EstratégiaContent Marketing has been a marketing strategy widely used lately among professionals in the field, due to its way of creating customer value, engaging customers, and building customer relationships. The internet and the rapid rise of new technologies have forced several areas to reinvent themselves and position themselves in the market in a unique way. Therefore, to create content marketing with value and purpose, a brand also needs a differentiated branding that is very well aligned with its positioning. In addition, knowing the personality of a brand is very important to direct the content created and for them to differentiate themselves in the market. In this context, this is an internship report that seeks to measure the personality of Covet Group brands as one of the studies and, in an exploratory way, the other study seeks insights into the content marketing carried out by WeBlog. This report then appears to apply the theoretical-practical knowledge acquired throughout the course, validate the work carried out in the company and generate contributions to the department. Among the content marketing activities carried out during the internship, we had the opportunity to create articles for the blogs that the department manages and create content for the social networks Instagram and Pinterest. The purpose of this work being to increase traffic and generate leads to company pages. The main objectives of this case study were to highlight brand concepts and their importance, as well as understand how they are adapted in a practical context; to determine the personalities of the Covet Group brands; to explore the content marketing work carried out by Weblog; And to understand how these brands are positioned and differentiate their selves. The data collected allowed me to see that the number of leads generated from content marketing increased with the increase in publications. However, not in the amount of information provided by these leads. In addition, the interviews collected to define the personalities of the brands are very important to guide the content created by the Weblog department

Elämysmatkojen kehittäminen asiakkaita osallistamalla

Tämän opinnäytetyön aiheena on palveluiden kehittäminen. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena on tuottaa ideoita Savonlinjan elämysmatkojen kehittämiseksi. Teoreettinen viitekehys muodostuu brändistä, palvelujen tuotteistamisesta sekä yhteistoiminnallisesta kehittämisestä. Tämä opinnäytetyö on laadullinen tutkimus, jossa tutkimusmenetelminä käytettiin yhteistoiminnallista kehittämistä ja havainnointia. Yhteistoiminnallisessa menetelmässä hyödynnettiin vaikutteita Living Lab -toiminnasta. Savonlinjan asiakkaille järjestettiin kehittämistilaisuus, jossa osallistujat työskentelivät ryhmissä ja ideoivat unelmiensa elämysmatkoihin liittyviä ominaisuuksia. Havainnoinnissa tarkasteltiin erilaisia elämyspalveluiden tarjoajia ja sitä, miten elämyksiä rakennetaan. Havainnoinnissa hyödynnettiin elämyskolmio-mallia. Yhteistoiminnallisen tilaisuuden perusteella tärkeimmiksi elementeiksi elämysmatkoissa nousivat yksilöllinen kokemus sekä aktiivinen vuorovaikutus palveluntarjoajan kanssa. Elämysmatkatarjonnan tulisi sisältää vaihtoehtoja erilaisten asiakkaiden tarpeisiin. Lisäksi havainnoinnin kautta nousi esiin tarinan merkitys elämyksen rakentumisessa. Elämysmatkojen asiakkaat arvostavat, että informaatiota on runsaasti saatavissa ennen matkaa. Informaation lisäksi on tärkeää panostaa elämyksen luomiseen mahdollisimman varhaisessa vaiheessa. Elämyksen luominen voidaan aloittaa jo ennen matkaa konkretisoimalla palvelu verkkosivuilla esimerkiksi kuvien, videoiden ja muun materiaalin avulla. Tutkimuksen tuloksia ja Savonlinjan verkkosivuja vertailtaessa huomattiin, että elämysmatkat-otsikon alle on koottu kaikki Savonlinjan tarjoamat valmismatkat, joista kaikki eivät täytä elämyksen kriteerejä. Tämän vuoksi elämysmatkat olisi hyvä erottaa tavallisista valmismatkoista. Tällaisella erottelulla elämys sana säilyttää nimensä mukaisen arvon. Tutkimus antaa hyvän pohjan asiakaslähtöisen kehitystyön jatkamiselle. Yhteistyö asiakkaiden kanssa onnistui hyvin ja toimintaa kehittämällä on mahdollista saada yhä kattavampia tuloksia. Vastaisuudessa kehitystyöhön kannattaa asiakkaiden lisäksi osallistaa myös muita Savonlinjan sidosryhmiä.The objective of the thesis was to develop Savonlinja’s package tours. Engaging customers in service development helps creating services that meet customers’ needs. Co-creation also strengthens the relationship between the customers and the company. In addition, it creates value. The theoretical framework of this thesis consists of the theory of brand, service productization and co-creation. Two different qualitative research methods were used in this thesis, observation and co-creation. The aim of the observation was examining companies that offer different services based on experiences and adventure tourism. Experience Pyramid Model was used in observation. The model represents elements and levels which build the experience. In addition, a development session was arranged for Savonlinja’s customers. The objective was to develop new ideas for Savonlinja’s package tours in cooperation with customers. Based on this session it could be concluded that individuality and interaction are the most valued elements. Customers appreciate tailormade services and the opportunity to choose from different activities. Customers also expect functional interaction with the service provider. The results of the observation showed that stories are one of the essential elements when creating experiences. Stories are used in all stages of the service. The results of the research showed that it is important to start building the experiences in the early stages of service. This can be done by offering enough information on the website and using for example storytelling and visual elements, such as photos and videos. This research was a good start for co-development with customers. In the future it is possible to also engage other interest groups in the development process

Nainen, ole itse aktiivinen : 25 - 49-vuotiaiden naisten rintojen omatarkkailu

Rintasyöpä on Suomessa naisten yleisin syöpäsairaus, johon sairastuu vuosittain yli 4000 naista. Vuonna 2009 rintasyöpään sairastuneita naisia oli 4 461 ja samana vuonna rintasyöpään menehtyi 821 naista. Rintojen omatarkkailu on yksi tärkein tekijä rintasyövän varhaistoteamisessa, joka taas mahdollistaa nopeamman hoitoon pääsyn. Naiset jättävät rintansa tutkimatta, vaikka kuolleisuus rintasyöpään on merkittävä. On siis oletettavaa, että on olemassa joitain tekijöitä, jotka estävät rintojen omatarkkailun. Tarkkailemalla omia rintojaan naiset voivat löytää mahdolliset muutokset ja päästä varhain mahdollisiin tutkimuksiin. Opinnäytetyö käsittelee aihetta rintasyövän varhaistoteaminen ja siihen liittyen omatarkkailun esteet. Opinnäytetyön tilaajana on yhdistys ProMama ry. Opinnäytetyö on kvalitatiivinen eli laadullinen tutkimus. Opinnäytetyön tarkoitus on kartoittaa naisten rintojen omatarkkailun toteuttamista ja esteitä sekä saada rintojen omatarkkailuohjaustilanteisiin kehittämisideoita. Opinnäytetyömme tavoitteena on antaa tietoa rintojen omatarkkailun kouluttajille ohjaustilanteiden kehittämiseen. Aineisto kerättiin avoimilla kysymyksillä 25 - 49-vuotiailta naisilta sähköpostin välityksellä ja se analysoitiin induktiivisella sisällönanalyysillä. Vastauksia tuli neljä kappaletta. Tulokset osoittivat, että naisten toteuttama rintojen omatarkkailu on epäsäännöllistä ja vähäistä. Vastaajilta nousi rintojen omatarkkailun toteuttamiseen useita estäviä tekijöitä. Näitä olivat muun muassa epävarmuus, laiskuus ja unohtaminen. Vastaajien keskuudessa koettiin rintojen omatarkkailusta saadun ohjauksen jääneen vähäiseksi. Rintojen omatarkkailun ohjauksen tulisi olla säännöllistä ja laadukasta. Ohjausta olisi hyödyllistä antaa jo kouluterveydenhuollossa. Jatkotutkimusaiheena voisi selvittää, miksi terveydenhuollon ammattilaiset eivät ole sitoutuneita antamaan tarpeeksi laadukasta ohjausta rintojen omatarkkailuun. Lisäksi voisi olla hyödyllistä selvittää, kuinka terveydenhuollon peruskoulutuksen opetusohjelmassa opetetaan tulevia ammattilaisia rintojen omatarkkailun ohjaamiseen.Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Finnish women. More than 4000 women get breast cancer annually. 4, 461 women had breast cancer and 821 women died from breast cancer in 2009. Breast self-examination is one of the most important factors in early detection of breast cancer which enables faster access to treatment. Women do not do breast self-examination even though breast cancer survival rate is rather low. Therefore, it can be assumed that there are factors that prevent breast self-examination. By observing their own breasts, women can find the changes and get access to medical examinations early. Early detection of breast cancer is the subject of this thesis. ProMama ry, a nationwide organization for breast health promotion, is the commissioner of this thesis. The purpose of this qualitative thesis was to study how women implemented breast self-examination and obstacles to it and also to obtain development ideas for breast self-examination counseling. The aim of the thesis was give information to trainers of breast self-examination that they could develop counseling situations. The material was collected with open questions from 25-49-year-old women through e-mail and analyzed through inductive content analysis. Four respondents answered the questions. The results showed that the self-examination of breasts was performed irregularly and superficially. The respondents named several factors that prevented breast self-examination. These included uncertainty, laziness and forgetting. The respondents also felt that breast self-examination counseling was insufficient. Breast self-examination counseling should, therefore, be regular and of high quality. It would be useful to provide counseling already in school health service. Further studies could clarify why public health professionals are not committed to provide high quality breast self-examination counseling. It could also be useful to study what future professionals are taught about breast self-examination counseling in the syllabus of the basic education of the public health service

The transition trend from Pay-TV to streaming platforms : the influence of decision-making-power and age on consumers’ motivations

The purpose of this project is to explore and analyse the transition trend of content consumption from pay-TV to Streaming Platforms, by examining the influence of the factors Decision-making-power and Age of consumers on their motivations (eg. Price, Convenience). The consumer’s motivations were established from information gathered in the Literature Review, and were used throughout the research. The study is exploratory as well as quantitative, which included data collection through two focus groups with a total of 15 participants, and an online survey with 184 respondents. The results show that the factors Age and Decision-making power influence some of the consumer’s motivations, and there is clear evidence that respondents are watching content for more hours on Streaming Platforms than on pay-TV channels and that they recognize the platform as less expensive, more convenient and more entertaining than pay-TV channels. Since there is, in fact, influence from the factors Age and Decision-making power, pay-TV-channel companies must create different strategies for consumers in different situations and age groups, in order to protect their businesses in the future. Furthermore, this study would be more complete and enlightening if, using a similar model, researchers explore each motivation deeper. Moreover, determining which motivations are the most important should be accessed after a quantitative research and not from information gathered on the Literature Review.O objetivo deste projeto é explorar e analisar a tendência de transição de consumo de conteúdo, dos canais de televisão paga para as plataformas de Streaming, através da análise dos fatores Poder de Decisão e Idade e a sua influência nas motivações do consumidor. As motivações do consumidor foram estabelecidas a partir de informação recolhida na Literature Review, e foram usadas em toda a pesquisa. Este estudo é exploratório e quantitativo, e incluiu recolha de dados através de dois Focus Groups com um total de 15 participantes, e um Survey Online com 184 participantes. Os resultados mostram que os fatores Idade e Poder de Decisão influenciam algumas motivações dos consumidores, havendo provas claras de que os participantes veem conteúdo por mais horas nas plataformas de Streaming do que nos canais de Televisão, e de que reconhecem a plataforma menos dispendiosa, mais conveniente e melhor provedora de entretenimento do que os canais de Televisão. Tendo em conta que há, de facto, influência dos fatores Idade e Poder de Decisão, as empresas de canais de Televisão terão de criar estratégias diferentes para os consumidores em situações de vida diferentes e em grupos etários diferentes, se quiserem proteger os seus negócios no futuro. Este estudo seria mais completo e mais esclarecedor se, usando um modelo similar, os pesquisadores pudessem explorar cada motivação mais detalhadamente. Mais, as mesmas motivações poderão ser mais fiáveis se forem criadas através de uma pesquisa quantitativa prévia e não através da Literature Review