224 research outputs found
More Than the Sum of Its Parts: Unlocking the Power of Network Structure for Understanding Organization and Function in Microbiomes
Plant and soil microbiomes are integral to the health and productivity of plants and ecosystems, yet researchers struggle to identify microbiome characteristics important for providing beneficial outcomes. Network analysis offers a shift in analytical framework beyond who is present to the organization or patterns of coexistence between microbes within the microbiome. Because microbial phenotypes are often significantly impacted by coexisting populations, patterns of coexistence within microbiomes are likely to be especially important in predicting functional outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of the how and why of network analysis in microbiome research, highlighting the ways in which network analyses have provided novel insights into microbiome organization and functional capacities, the diverse network roles of different microbial populations, and the eco-evolutionary dynamics of plant and soil microbiomes
Assessing Correlated Truncation Errors in Modern Nucleon-Nucleon Potentials
We test the BUQEYE model of correlated effective field theory (EFT)
truncation errors on Reinert, Krebs, and Epelbaum's semi-local momentum-space
implementation of the chiral EFT (EFT) expansion of the nucleon-nucleon
(NN) potential. This Bayesian model hypothesizes that dimensionless coefficient
functions extracted from the order-by-order corrections to NN observables can
be treated as draws from a Gaussian process (GP). We combine a variety of
graphical and statistical diagnostics to assess when predicted observables have
a EFT convergence pattern consistent with the hypothesized GP statistical
model. Our conclusions are: First, the BUQEYE model is generally applicable to
the potential investigated here, which enables statistically principled
estimates of the impact of higher EFT orders on observables. Second, parameters
defining the extracted coefficients such as the expansion parameter must be
well chosen for the coefficients to exhibit a regular convergence pattern -- a
property we exploit to obtain posterior distributions for such quantities.
Third, the assumption of GP stationarity across lab energy and scattering angle
is not generally met; this necessitates adjustments in future work. We provide
a workflow and interpretive guide for our analysis framework, and show what can
be inferred about probability distributions for , the EFT breakdown scale
, the scale associated with soft physics in the EFT potential
, and the GP hyperparameters. All our results can be reproduced
using a publicly available Jupyter notebook, which can be straightforwardly
modified to analyze other EFT NN potentials.Comment: 29 pages, 33 figure
Robust and Deterministic Preparation of Bosonic Logical States in a Trapped Ion
Encoding logical qubits in bosonic modes provides a potentially
hardware-efficient implementation of fault-tolerant quantum information
processing. Recent advancements in trapped ions and superconducting microwave
cavities have led to experimental realizations of high-quality bosonic states
and demonstrations of error-corrected logical qubits encoded in bosonic modes.
However, current protocols for preparing bosonic code words lack robustness to
common noise sources and can be experimentally challenging to implement,
limiting the quality and breadth of codes that have been realized to date.
Here, we combine concepts of error suppression via robust control with quantum
error correction encoding and experimentally demonstrate high-fidelity,
deterministic preparation of highly non-classical target bosonic states in the
mechanical motion of a trapped ion. Our approach implements numerically
optimized dynamical modulation of laser-driven spin-motion interactions to
generate the target state in a single step. The optimized control pulses are
tailored towards experimental constraints and are designed to be robust against
the dominant source of error. Using these protocols, we demonstrate logical
fidelities for the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) state as high as
, achieve the first realization of a distance-3
binomial logical state with an average fidelity of , and
demonstrate a 12.91(5) dB squeezed vacuum state.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
THE STRUCTURE OF 3,5-DI-O-BENZOYL-1,2-DIDEOXY-1-PHENYL-BETA-D-RIBOFURANOSE, C25H22O5
Mr=402.4, orthorhombic, P212~2 l, a=
4-946 (1), b= 15.887 (2), c=26.555 (2)A, V=
2086.7 (5) A 3, Z = 4, D x = 1.28 gcm -a, Cu Ka, 2 =
1.5418/k, B = 6.868 cm -1, F(000) = 848, T= 293 K,
final R =0.054 for 648 observed reflections. The
molecule is propeller shaped. The benzoyl groups act as
protecting groups and the phenyl group is a base
substitute. The crystal structure does not involve any
intermolecular stacking interactions between the phenyl
groups. The molecules pack in typical herring-bone-like
arrays. The sugar has a fl-D configuration with
C(2')-endo-C(3')-exo pucker (2T3), pseudorotation
angle P = 172 (2) °, degree of pucker r m = 39 (2) °
Superconductivity at 36 K in beta-Fe1.01Se with the compression of the interlayer separation under pressure
In this letter, we report that the superconductivity transition temperature
in beta-Fe1.01Se increases from 8.5 to 36.7 K under applied pressure of 8.9
GPa. It then decreases at higher pressure. A dramatic change in volume is
observed at the same time Tc rises, due to a collapse of the separation between
the Fe2Se2 layers. A clear transition to a linear resistivity normal state is
seen on cooling at all pressures. No static magnetic ordering is observed for
the whole p-T phase diagram. We also report that at higher pressure (starting
around 7 GPa and completed at 38 GPa), Fe1.01Se transforms to a hexagonal
NiAs-type structure and displays non-magnetic, insulating behavior. The
inclusion of electron correlation in band structure caculations is necessary to
describe this behavior, signifying that such correlations are important in this
chemical system. Our results strongly support unconventional superconductivity
in beta-Fe1.01Se.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure
A Case Matched Gender Comparison Transcriptomic Screen Identifies eIF4E and eIF5 as Potential Prognostic and Tractable Biomarkers in Male Breast Cancer
Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) affects both genders, but is understudied in men. Although still rare, male BC is being diagnosed more frequently. Treatments are wholly informed by clinical studies conducted in women, based on assumptions that underlying biology is similar. Experimental design: A transcriptomic investigation of male and female BC was performed, confirming transcriptomic data in silico. Biomarkers were immunohistochemically assessed in 697 MBCs (n=477, training; n=220, validation set) and quantified in pre- and post-treatment samples from a male BC patient receiving Everolimus and PI3K/mTOR inhibitor. Results: Gender-specific gene expression patterns were identified. eIF transcripts were up-regulated in MBC. eIF4E and eIF5 were negatively prognostic for overall survival alone (Log rank; p=0.013; HR=1.77, 1.12-2.8 and p=0.035; HR=1.68, 1.03-2.74, respectively), or when co-expressed (p=0.01; HR=2.66, 1.26-5.63), confirmed in the validation set. This remained upon multivariate Cox regression analysis (eIF4E p=0.016; HR 2.38 (1.18-4.8), eIF5 p=0.022; HR 2.55 (1.14-5.7); co-expression p=0.001; HR=7.04 (2.22-22.26)). Marked reduction in eIF4E and eIF5 expression was seen post BEZ235/Everolimus, with extended survival. Conclusions: Translational initiation pathway inhibition could be of clinical utility in male BC patients overexpressing eIF4E and eIF5. With mTOR inhibitors which target this pathway now in the clinic, these biomarkers may represent new targets for therapeutic intervention, although further independent validation is required
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