41 research outputs found

    Genes Suggest Ancestral Colour Polymorphisms Are Shared across Morphologically Cryptic Species in Arctic Bumblebees

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    email Suzanne orcd idCopyright: © 2015 Williams et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

    Superconductivity-induced Resonance Raman Scattering in Multi-layer High-Tc Superconductors

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    Resonant Raman scattering below Tc has been discovered in several Bi-, Hg-, Tl-based high-Tc superconductors with three or four CuO2-layers. For Bi2Si2Ca2Cu3O10+d, we found an unexpected crossover of the pair-breaking peak in the A1g-spectrum from a broad bump at hw = 6kBTc for Eexc = 2.54eV to a sharp peak at hw = 8kBTc for Eexc = 2.18eV, together with a strong enhancement of the Ca-phonons. Under resonant conditions, the relative positions of the pair breaking peaks in A1g, B1g, and B2g channels are 2Delta(A1g) = 2Delta(B1g) > 2Delta(B2g). This relation implies that the A1g Raman channel is free from the Coulomb screening effect, just as predicted theoretically for a d-wave multi-layer superconductor but have never been observed experimentally thus far. The observed resonance effect is the evidence that the electronic state in the inner CuO2-planes is different from that of the outer CuO2-planes.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures. submitted to Phys.Rev.

    ModÚle macroscopique de la dispersion diphasique en milieux poreux et fracturés

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    L objectif est de construire le modÚle homogénéisé d un écoulement diphasique en milieu poreux et fracturé, en mettant en évidence le phénomÚne de mélange dynamique (mixing) entre les phases, provoqué par l hétérogénéité du milieu. L attention est concentrée sur l influence de la capillarité. L homogénéisation à double échelle a été appliquée. Le mixing se manifeste sous forme de la dispersion hydrodynamique et de l advection renormalisée. Le tenseur de dispersion, déterminé à travers le problÚme cellulaire, est une fonction non linéaire de la saturation, vitesse d écoulement, rapport de viscosité et du nombre capillaire. Pour les milieux fracturés, une méthode streamline configurations a été avancée pour le cas diphasique. Elle permet d obtenir la dispersion et la perméabilité effective sous forme analytique pour des réseaux de fracture périodiques, ou semi-analytique pour des réseaux aléatoires. La simulation d un déplacement diphasique à la base du nouveau modÚle a été réaliséeThe objective of the thesis is to develop the homogenized model of a two-phase flow through a porous and fractured medium by highlighting the dynamic mixing between the phases, caused by the medium heterogeneity. Attention is focused on the influence of the capillarity. The two-scale homogenization is applied. The mixing is manifested in form of the hydrodynamic dispersion and renormalized advection. The dispersion tensor, determined by the cell problem, is a nonlinear function of saturation, flow velocity, viscosity ratio and capillary number. For a fractured medium the method of streamline configurations was advanced for a two- phase case. This method enables to obtain the dispersion tensor and the effective permeability in analytical form for periodic fractured networks or in semi-analytical form for random networks. The simulation of two- phase displacement based on the new model is performedNANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    ModÚles pseudo-diphasiques de transport facilité des colloïdes en milieux faiblement perméables

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    Le but de cette thĂšse consiste Ă  crĂ©er et dĂ©velopper un modĂšle de transport de suspension colloĂŻdale en milieu poreux saturĂ© qui sera capable de dĂ©tecter et de prĂ©dire l'apparition de vitesses diffĂ©rentes entre l'eau et la suspension ; de distinguer les cas de l'accĂ©lĂ©ration et de retard des particules colloĂŻdales ainsi que de calculer les deux vitesses en utilisant l'information initiale des propriĂ©tĂ©s du milieu poreux et des particules. On a procĂ©dĂ© de deux maniĂšres diffĂ©rentes. PremiĂšrement, on a proposĂ© une mĂ©thode analytique de calcul de facteur d'augmentation de la vitesse qu'on peut introduire dans le modĂšle monophasique classique du transport colloĂŻdal. DeuxiĂšmement, on a proposĂ© un nouvelle approche mathĂ©matique phĂ©nomĂ©nologique pour dĂ©crire un transport colloĂŻdal.Pour dĂ©velopper cette approche, on a utilisĂ© le fait que les deux vitesses apparaissent automatiquement dans le modĂšle diphasique d'Ă©coulement. Ainsi notre modĂšle doit ĂȘtre proche de celui diphasique. En consĂ©quence, pour notre modĂšle mathĂ©matique, on a Ă©cartĂ© l'approche traditionnelle qui suppose un transport d'un liquide monophasiqueThe aim of this PhD thesis is to create and to develop a colloid suspension transport model in the saturated porous media that will be able to detect and to predict the apparition of the difference between water and suspension velocity; to distinguish cases of acceleration and of deceleration of the colloidal particles and also to calculate the two velocities using the initial information on the properties of porous media and of particles. We are proceeded by two different manners. Firstly, we are proposed an analytical method of calculation of enhancement velocity factor that can be introduced in the classic colloid transport model that is single-phase one. Secondly, we are proposed a new phenomenological mathematical approach to describe a colloid transport. To develop this approach, we are used the fact that two velocities appear automatically in the two-phase transport model. Thus our model must be similar to two-phase one. Therefore, for our mathematical model we are refused the traditional approach that assumes a transport of a single-phase liquidNANCY-INPL-Bib. Ă©lectronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF
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