Looking at the soft-bottom around a coastal coral reef: the impact of terrigenous input on Polychaeta (Annelida) community

Fragmentos dos recifes de coral constituem parte do sedimento ao redor dos mesmos, ampliando os limites do recife. Modelos estatísticos foram criados para investigar se a comunidade de poliquetas ao redor do recife Sebastião Gomes (Banco dos Abrolhos, Brasil) é influenciada pelas características do sedimento e/ou pela posição ao redor do recife, que são variáveis relacionadas à influência do aporte terrígeno. Em julho de 2007, período dominado por ventos que ressuspendem o sedimento fino da costa para os recifes, amostras de sedimento foram coletadas em quatro transectos perpendiculares ao recife (S, O, N e L). A espécie de poliqueta mais abundante foi o carnívoro Goniadides carolinae e o modelo selecionado para descrever a distribuição desta espécie foi muito semelhante aos ajustados tanto para a abundância de macrofauna quanto de poliquetas. Estes modelos apresentaram alta abundância em sedimentos carbonáticos grossos na face do recife exposta aos ventos, onde quase não há sedimento terrígeno. Por outro lado, a riqueza de poliquetas não foi influenciada pela posição dos transectos. Sebastião Gomes é um dos muitos recifes costeiros do Banco dos Abrolhos, cuja saúde está prejudicada devido ao aumento de lama relacionada a atividades humanas, como desmatamento e, recentemente, rejeitos da mineração.Erosion on coral reefs produces fragments of the constructor organisms that are scattered all around, thus enlarging the reef boundaries. Statistical modelling approach was used to investigate whether the Polychaeta community around Sebastião Gomes reef (Abrolhos Bank, Brazil) is influenced equally by sediment characteristics and/or by position related to the reef, that are variables related to the terrigenous input influence. In July 2007, a period dominated by winds that resuspend fine sediment from the land to coastal reefs, sediment samples were taken on four transects perpendicular to the reef (S, W, N and E) and a total of 121 species of polychaetes were recorded. The most abundant species was the carnivorous Goniadides carolinae and the model selected for it approximates to the best models fitted for both total macrofauna and polychaete abundance. These models represented higher abundance in coarse carbonate sediments on windward reef faces, where there is almost no terrigenous sediment. On the other hand, the Polychaeta richness did not depend on the transects. Sebastião Gomes reef is one of the many coastal reefs from Abrolhos Bank, whose healthy is probably in danger because of the increase of mud related to human activities, as deforestation and, recently, mining waste

Mudando a maré: elementos para a construção participativa de um projeto de lei para o mar

Apesar de relevante, a participação social na elaboração de leis, normas e programas para o território marítimo brasileiro ainda é incipiente, ocorrendo principalmente de forma pontual na escala local. Para ampliar o engajamento de diferentes atores de modo a consolidar práticas mais democráticas de governança, faz-se necessário criar e ampliar espaços e oportunidades de escuta, diálogo e influência na tomada de decisão. Em um esforço de ampliação do debate público sobre políticas para o ambiente costeiro e marinho, desde 2012, está em curso a formulação e discussão com diferentes atores sobre o projeto de lei 6.969/2013 que instituirá a Política Nacional para a Conservação e o Uso Sustentável do Bioma Marinho Brasileiro (PNCMar). A ideia, originada a partir da sociedade civil organizada, ganhou forma e conteúdo e tornou-se um projeto de lei articulado no Poder Legislativo pela Frente Parlamentar Ambientalista. Em paralelo, a sociedade civil continuou mobilizada para apoiar o trâmite da proposta. Por meio da avaliação do processo de construção desse projeto de lei, este artigo discute as estratégias e métodos de participação adotados, assinalando suas qualidades (ex.: diversidade de métodos de engajamento; disponibilidade de dialogar com atores favoráveis e contrários; aprendizagem por parte dos atores envolvidos) e fraquezas (ex.: limitada participação do setor privado e de representantes dos Estados e municípios, assim como concentração de participantes da capital e do eixo sul-sudeste do país). Apontar mecanismos para fomentar a participação social é essencial dadas as circunstâncias políticas de enfraquecimento da democracia e redução de espaços oficiais de participação. Sendo assim, o artigo também identifica e discute seis elementos estruturantes para fortalecer tanto este quanto futuros processos participativos: liderança, diversidade, engajamento, aprendizado, documentação e negociação.Despite its relevance, stakeholder participation in the drafting of laws, norms, and programs for the Brazilian maritime territory still needs to be improved, occurring episodically and at the local scale. To increase the engagement of different actors, thus consolidating more democratic governance practices, creating and expanding spaces and opportunities for listening, dialogue, and influence in decision-making is necessary. Since 2012, Bill 6.969/2013 - which will establish the National Policy for Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Brazilian Marine Biome (PNCMar) - has been formulated and discussed with different actors to expand the public debate on coastal and marine environment policies. The idea, which originated from organized civil society, took shape and content and became a bill articulated in the Legislative Power by the Environmentalist Parliamentary Front. At the same time, the civil society continued to be mobilized to support the proposal. Through the evaluation of the process of development of this bill, the article discusses the strategies and methods of participation adopted, pointing out its qualities (e.g., diversity of engagement methods, availability to dialogue with both favorable and contrary actors, social learning by the actors involved) and weaknesses (e.g., limited participation of the private sector and representatives of states and municipalities, as well as concentration of participants from the capital and the south and southeast regions of the country). Pointing out mechanisms to encourage social participation is essential, given the political circumstances of weakening democracy and reducing official spaces for participation. Therefore, the article also identifies and discusses six structuring elements to strengthen this and future participatory processes: leadership, diversity, engagement, learning, documentation, and negotiation

Iberoamerican Contribution for the Achievement of the Objectives of the Roadmap to Accelerate Marine Spatial Planning Processes Worldwide

Desde 1997, la COI-UNESCO ha ido desarrollando y aplicando los conceptos de gestión y planificación costera y marina como parte de su estrategia institucional. Las conclusiones de la primera conferencia internacional sobre planificación espacial marina (PEM) en 2006, propició la publicación de la primera guía paso a paso en apoyo de los Estados miembros de la COI-UNESCO, en el desarrollo de planes espaciales marinos. La COI-UNESCO y la Comisión Europea se comprometieron en 2017 a promover el desarrollo de la PEM a nivel mundial a través de una hoja de ruta (MSProadmap) abierta a todos los países del mundo. Los países Iberoamericanos son beneficiarios activos de esta hoja de ruta y de la Iniciativa MSPglobal que implementa acciones en sus casos pilotos en el Mediterráneo occidental y el Pacífico sudeste. El objetivo es apoyar el avance de los procesos de planificación nacionales y favoreciendo la consideración de aspectos transfronterizos en el intercambio y la cooperación institucional a nivel regional. Este artículo pone en contexto el trabajo conjunto, presente y futuro, de la COI-UNESCO y sus Estados miembros iberoamericanos, en línea con los compromisos y objetivos de la Agenda 2030 y del Decenio de los Océanos (2021-2030).Since 1997, IOC-UNESCO has been developing and applying the concepts of coastal and marine management and planning, as part of its institutional strategy. The conclusions of the first international conference on marine spatial planning (MSP) in 2006 led to the publication of the first step-by-step guide to support IOC-UNESCO’s Member States in the development of marine spatial plans. IOC-UNESCO and the European Commission committed themselves in 2017 to promote the development of MSP at global level through a roadmap (MSProadmap) open to all countries of the world. Ibero-American countries are active beneficiaries of this roadmap and the MSP-global Initiative, in its pilot cases in the Western Mediterranean and the Southeast Pacific. The objective is to support the implementation of actions to advance national planning processes considering transboundary aspects in favor of institutional exchange and cooperation at regional level. This article puts into context the present and future joint work of the IOC-UNESCO and its Ibero-American Member States, in line with the commitments and objectives of the Agenda 2030 and the Ocean Decade (2021-2030)

Quality control of B-lines analysis in stress Echo 2020

Background The effectiveness trial “Stress echo (SE) 2020” evaluates novel applications of SE in and beyond coronary artery disease. The core protocol also includes 4-site simplified scan of B-lines by lung ultrasound, useful to assess pulmonary congestion. Purpose To provide web-based upstream quality control and harmonization of B-lines reading criteria. Methods 60 readers (all previously accredited for regional wall motion, 53 B-lines naive) from 52 centers of 16 countries of SE 2020 network read a set of 20 lung ultrasound video-clips selected by the Pisa lab serving as reference standard, after taking an obligatory web-based learning 2-h module ( http://se2020.altervista.org ). Each test clip was scored for B-lines from 0 (black lung, A-lines, no B-lines) to 10 (white lung, coalescing B-lines). The diagnostic gold standard was the concordant assessment of two experienced readers of the Pisa lab. The answer of the reader was considered correct if concordant with reference standard reading ±1 (for instance, reference standard reading of 5 B-lines; correct answer 4, 5, or 6). The a priori determined pass threshold was 18/20 (≥ 90%) with R value (intra-class correlation coefficient) between reference standard and recruiting center) > 0.90. Inter-observer agreement was assessed with intra-class correlation coefficient statistics. Results All 60 readers were successfully accredited: 26 (43%) on first, 24 (40%) on second, and 10 (17%) on third attempt. The average diagnostic accuracy of the 60 accredited readers was 95%, with R value of 0.95 compared to reference standard reading. The 53 B-lines naive scored similarly to the 7 B-lines expert on first attempt (90 versus 95%, p = NS). Compared to the step-1 of quality control for regional wall motion abnormalities, the mean reading time per attempt was shorter (17 ± 3 vs 29 ± 12 min, p < .01), the first attempt success rate was higher (43 vs 28%, p < 0.01), and the drop-out of readers smaller (0 vs 28%, p < .01). Conclusions Web-based learning is highly effective for teaching and harmonizing B-lines reading. Echocardiographers without previous experience with B-lines learn quickly.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Biodiversity and statistical modeling of polychaete community in soft bottom of Sebastião Gomes reef complex, Abrolhos Bank (BA, Brazil)

Embora recifes de coral sejam hotspots de biodiversidade para corais e peixes, não se sabe se são para pequenos invertebrados marinhos. Este estudo visou verificar se o complexo recifal Sebastião Gomes é um hotspot de biodiversidade de poliquetas, bem como caracterizar a comunidade estrutural e funcional desses organismos que habitam o sedimento ao redor do recife. Através de modelos lineares generalizados (glm), tendo como variáveis preditoras características do sedimento e/ou posicionamento das estações de coleta ao redor do recife (transectos perpendiculares às faces sul, oeste, norte e leste), buscou-se compreender os padrões de: diversidade alfa; abundância total de poliquetas; abundância das espécies mais representativas; e abundância dos diferentes hábitos tróficos. Foram coletados 2399 indivíduos identificados em 116 espécies, indicando que Sebastião Gomes pode ser um hotspot. Todos descritores da comunidade foram maiores próximos ao recife, onde predominaram sedimentos grossos e carbonáticos. Já a posição ao redor do recife foi importante apenas para alguns descritores, tais como abundância total e dos hábitos tróficos carnívoros e detritívoros, todos maiores nos transectos norte e leste, expostos aos ventos. A abundância de poliquetas foi mais baixa em todo transecto sul, mais suscetível à ressuspensão de sedimento causada pelas frentes frias que atingem essa regiãoAlthough coral reefs are biodiversity hotspots for corals and fishes, it is not known whether they are also for small marine invertebrates. The present study aimed to verify if Sebastião Gomes reef complex is a polychaete biodiversity hotspot, as well to describe the structural and functional community of these organisms which inhabit sediments around the reef. Generalized linear models (glm) with sediment features and station position around the reef (perpendicular transects to the South, West, East and North faces) as predictor variables were used to understand the patterns of: alpha diversity; total polychaete abundance; most representative species abundance; and abundance of different trophic habits. 2399 individuals identified in 116 species were collected, indicating that Sebastião Gomes may be a hotspot. All community descriptors were higher near the reef, where coarse and carbonate sediments preponderate. However, the position around the reef was important only for some descriptors, such as total abundance and abundance of carnivorous and deposit feeders. All of them higher in the North and East transects, that are exposed to wind. The polychaete abundance was lower in the whole South transect, nevertheless it is more susceptible to sediment resuspension caused by cold fronts that reach the regio